云南产四种伞形科植物的核型

采用常规制片方法观察了云南产杏叶茴芹（Pimpinella candolleana）、细软茴芹（Pimpinella flaccida）、圆锥丝瓣芹（Acronema paniculatum）和中国特有属植物云南细裂芹（Harrysmithia dissecta）根尖细胞的染色体组成。发现这4种植物的染色体数目都是18,除了杏叶茴芹核型公式为2n=2sm＋16st,其他3种都为2n=18st。由此认为茴芹属、丝瓣芹属和细裂芹属不仅具有相同的染色体基数9,且染色体形态极其相似,是亲缘关系较近的类群,支持将其置于葛缕子亚族的分类处理,但怀疑细裂芹属之属的分类地位。     

假茴芹染色体的观察及核型研究

对假茴芹体细胞染色体计数,并对其核型进行研究的结果表明,假茴芹的染色体数目为2n=22; 核型公式为2n=2x=22=14sm 8st,属于3B型.全组染色体总长92.80μm,长臂总长为66.83μm,核型不对称系数为72.02%.染色体总体积为264.40μm3.     

伞形科3个种5个居群的核型分析

对伞形科前胡属(PeucedanumL.)2个种以及羌活属(NotopterygiumH.Boiss.)1个种3个居群的染色体数目和核型进行了研究。研究表明,它们的染色体数目均为2n=22,核型公式可分别表示为长前胡:2n=2x=22=22 m(1 SAT),属1A型;松潘前胡:2n=2x=22=20 m 2 sm,属2A型;宽叶羌活的3个居群分别是:马边大风顶居群1为2n=2x=22=6 m 12 sm 4 st,属2A型;马边大风顶居群2为2n=2x=22=12 m 4 sm 6 st,属2B型;屏山老君山居群为2n=2x=22=4 m 14 sm 4 st,属2A型。其中长前胡和松潘前胡的染色体数目和核型为首次报道。     

风毛菊属5种植物的核型分析

采用常规压片法,对风毛菊属(Saussurea)5种植物的染色体数目和核型类型进行分析。结果表明:大耳叶风毛菊(S.macrota)核型公式为2n=2x=26=10m+12sm+4st,属2A型;长梗风毛菊(S.dolichopoda)核型公式为2n=2x=26=14m+8sm+4st,属2A型;川陕风毛菊(S.licentiana)核型公式为2n=2x=28=12m+16sm,属2B型;杨叶风毛菊(S.populifolia)核型公式为2n=2x=28=6m+18sm+4st,属2B型;尾叶风毛菊(S.caudata)核型公式为2n=2x=30=14m+14sm+2st,属2A型。这5种风毛菊属植物中,除大耳叶风毛菊染色体数目和核型类型与前人报道的一致外,其余4种植物的染色体数目和核型类型均为首次报道,并在川陕风毛菊中发现1对B染色体。     

国产8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型研究

首次报道了8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型,其中6种的染色体数目为首次报道。结果如下：峨边蜘蛛抱蛋A．ebianensis,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;盈江蜘蛛抱蛋A．yingjiangensis,2n=2x=36=14m+6sm(2sat)十16st;海南蜘蛛抱蛋A．hainanensis,2n=2x=36=20m(2sat)十14st十2t;石山蜘蛛抱蛋A．saxicola,2n=2x=36=16m十4sm(2sat)十16st;糙果蜘蛛抱蛋A．muricata,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;啮边蜘蛛抱蛋A．marginella,2n=2x=38=22m+4sm(2sat)十12st;西林蜘蛛抱蛋A．xilin-ensis,2n=4x=76=48m(4sat)十2sm+26st;十字蜘蛛抱蛋A．cruciformis,2n=4x=76=46m(4sat)十12sm十18st。核型类型都为2C型。首次在中国发现了A．cruciformis和A．xilinensis的野生四倍体。根据外部形态性状及已有的38种植物的核型资料分析,认为该属染色体的原始基数可能为x=18,核型向对称性增强的方向演化,其主要表现在中部着丝粒染色体数目的增多,这种演化趋势似与其花部结构的进化密切相关。关键词 蜘蛛抱蛋属;染色体数目;核型;进化     

国产８种蜘蛛抱属植物的核型研究

首次报道了８种蜘蛛抱属植物的核型,其中６种的染色体数目为首次报道,结果如下：峨边蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ.ebianensis,2n=2x=36=18m 2sm(2sat) 16st;盈江蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ．yingjiangensis,2n=2x=36=14m 6sm(2sat) 16st;海南蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ．hainensis,2n=2x=36=20m(2sat) 14st 2t;石山蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ.saxicola,2n=2x=36=16m 4sm(2sat) 16st;要蜘蛛抱蛋白Ａ.muricata,2n=2x=36=18m 2sm(2sat) 16st);啮边蛛抱蛋Ａ.marginella,2n=2x=38=22m 4sm(2sat) 12st;西林蜘蛛抱蛋Ａ.xillinensis,2n=4x=76=48m(4sat) 2sm 26st;十字蜘蛛抱蛋A.cruciformis,2n=4x=76=46m(4sat) 12sm 18st。核型类型都为２Ｃ型。首次在中国发现了Ａ.cruciformis和A.xilinensis的野生四倍体。根据外部形态性及已有的３８种植物的核型资料分析,认为该属染色体的原始基数可能为x=18,核型向对称性增强的方向演化,其主要表现在中部着丝粒染色体数目的增多,这种演化趋似与其花部结构的进化密切相关。     

两种国产苏铁属植物的核型分析

报道了苏铁属（Cycas L.）2种植物的染色体数目及其核型.它们的体细胞染色体数目均为2n=2x=22,核型均属3B型.核型公式分别是：海南苏铁C.hainanensis K（2n）=2x=22=4m＋2sm＋4st＋12T,仙湖苏铁C.szechuanensis subsp.fairylakea K（2n）=2x=22=2m＋4sm＋4st＋12T.两种苏铁的核型均为首次报道.支持基于染色体资料把苏铁属分为两个类群的观点.     

武汉地区野豌豆属3种植物的染色体研究

本文报道了武汉地区野豌豆属3种植物的染色体数目及核型,结果如下:窄叶野豌豆为2n=2x=12=2sm+2st(SAT)+8st;小巢菜为2n=2x=14=10m+2sm(SAT)+2st;四籽野豌豆为2n=2x=14=4m+2sm(SAT)+8sm。本文还对野豌豆属染色体进化的有关问题进行了讨论。     

贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的细胞分类学研究

报道了6种贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体数目和核型,并与其相应近缘种对比,联系植物的外部形态特征,探讨核型结构与形态特征的相关性.发现1个种的染色体数目为2n =36,5个种的染色体数目为2n =38,核型公式分别为:平塘蜘蛛抱蛋(Aspidistra pingtangensis),2n =38 =20m +4sm(2sat) +14st;荔波蜘蛛抱蛋(A.liboensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+4sm+ 12st;赤水蜘蛛抱蛋(A.chishuiensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+8sm +8st;伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋(A.fungilliformis),2n =36=18m (2sat) +4sm+ 14st;四川蜘蛛抱蛋(A.sichuanensis),2n =38 =22m (2sat) +4sm +12st;丛生蜘蛛抱蛋(A caespitosa),2n =38 =20m +6sm(2sat) +12st.核型类型都为2C型.其中平塘蜘蛛抱蛋、荔波蜘蛛抱蛋和赤水蜘蛛抱蛋的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道.研究结果表明,该属植物的核型结构与外部形态特征具有一定的相关性,细胞分类学研究可以为该属植物起源进化研究以及自然分类鉴定提供一定的依据.     

江西5种毛莨属植物核型研究

本文报道了江西毛茛属5个种的染色体数目及核型,其中猫爪草Ranuncunlus ternatus Thunb．(2n=4x=32;2n=2x=16=8m+2sm+6st),肉根毛茛R．Polii Franch．(2n=2x=16=8m+2sm+6st)和杨子毛茛R. sieboldii Miq.(2n=8x-1=63=15m+18sm+22st+8t)的染色体核型为首次报道。我们认为：(1)R. ternatus Thunb．和R. polii Franch．的核型十分相似,显示出有较近的关系。(2)毛茛属Ranunculus L. 中存在较多的多倍体复合体。(3)根据王文采(1980)系统划分的美丽毛莨组(Sect．Auricomus)植物的核型属2A型;石龙芮组(Sect．Hecatonia)植物的核型属2B型;毛茛组(Sect．Ranunculus)植物核型为3A或3B型。三个组在核型上的关系和形态上的关系相似。     

伞形科棱子芹属部分种类果实结构的比较解剖学研究

采用石蜡切片法对伞形科(Apiaceae)棱子芹属(PleurospermumHoffm.)的宝兴棱子芹〔P.benthamii(Wall.ex DC.)Clarke〕和松潘棱子芹(P.franchetianumHemsl.)、西藏棱子芹(P.hookeriClarke var.thomsoniiClarke)和太白棱子芹(P.giraldiiDiels)、康定棱子芹(P.prattiiWolff)和瘤果棱子芹(P.wrightianumde Boiss.)的果实横切面的解剖结构特征进行了详细观察和比较分析。结果表明:6种植物虽然在外部形态上两两相似,但彼此间的果实解剖结构特征却存在一定的差异。共同特征是果棱均比较发达,且外果皮与中果皮分离,常形成空腔,每个果棱有1个明显的维管束,中果皮高度退化,果壁均很薄,棱槽和合生面均有油管,其中合生面油管数为棱槽油管数的2倍;差异主要表现在果实横切面外形、果体的压扁程度、果棱的发达程度、外果皮拱起程度及角质层的有无和厚度、维管束大小和着生位置、棱槽油管数以及合生面与侧棱的关系等方面。根据观察结果认为康定棱子芹与瘤果棱子芹不宜合并,建议将西藏棱子芹与太白棱子芹予以合并。     

藏药西藏棱子芹抗炎镇痛药效学研究

本文采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法、棉球致小鼠肉芽肿法观察藏药西藏棱子芹的抗炎作用,采用热板法、醋酸扭体法观察藏药西藏棱子芹的镇痛作用。结果表明藏药西藏棱子芹能明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀和棉球所致小鼠肉芽肿;能提高小鼠对热板疼痛的阈值,减少小鼠扭体反应的次数,延长醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应的潜伏时间。藏药西藏棱子芹具有显著的抗炎镇痛作用,值得开发研究。     

Karyotype of Four Species in Buddleja ( Loganiaceae) *

The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the 4 species in genus Buddleja were reported. The karyotype formulas are 2n= 2x= 38= 22m+ 16sm ( B1 yunnanensis) , 2n= 2x= 38= 26m+ 10sm+ 2st ( B1 crispa) , 2n= 2x= 38= 20m+ 16sm + 2st ( B1 off icinalis ) , and 2n= 2x= 38= 20m+ 16sm+ 2st ( B1japonica) . Karyotype of B1japonica belongs to Stebbins. s 2B type and other 3 species belong to Stebbins. s 2A type. Based on the cytological data ( karyotypes and the recorded chromosome numbers) and the species morphologies, the evolution trend of the two series in Sect1Neemda was briefly discussed.     

紫苏属植物染色体数目和核型分析

通过对26份紫苏属材料进行染色体数目的观察,并对其1种(包括紫苏和白苏)及2变种材料各一份进行核型分析.结果显示,紫苏属植物染色体数均为2n=40,其核型公式分别为紫苏[P.frutescens(L.)Britton var.frutescens(zi-su)]2n=40=20m(2SAT) 10sm 10st;野生紫苏[P.frutescens var.purpurascens(Hayata)H.W.Li]2n=40=18m 14sm(2SAT) 8st;回回苏[P.frutescens var.crispa(Benth.)Deane ex Bailey]2n=40=10m(2SAT) 14sm 16st;白苏[P.frutescens(L.)Britton var.frutescens(bai-su)]2n=40-24m 12sm(2SAT) 4st.结果表明,紫苏属不同原(变)种植物的染色体数日相同,但在核型上存在一定的差异,其染色体核型为首次报道.     

Karyotype Comparison of Populus SectTacamahaca

The paper identified and compared the karyotypes of 10 species(varieties) of Populus sectTacamhaca.The results were as follows:Ppseudo simonii Kitag.2n=38=27m+6sm(1SAT)+4st(2SAT)+1t(1SAT);Ptrichocarpa Torr.2n=38=2M+18m(1SAT)+8sm+10st(1SAT);Pcathayana Rehd.var.Beijing 2n=38=1M+24m+6sm+7st(2SAT);Pבpopularis’ 2n=38=3M+27m+2sm(1SAT)+4st(2SAT)+2t(1SAT);Pcathayana Rehd.var.Wutai 2n=38=5M+22m+4sm+5st+2t(2SAT);Pcathayana Rehd.var.Gansulinxiaman 2n=38=2M+28m+1sm+7st(1SAT);Pcathayana Rehd.var.Qinghai 2n=38=1M+27m+3sm+6st(3SAT)+1t(1SAT);Pcathayana×Zhongqing 10 2n=38=1M+26m+4sm+5st(2SAT)+2t(2SAT);Pcathayana×Zhongqing 48 2n=38=16m+10sm(1SAT)+10st(2SAT)+2t(1SAT).The results showed definite karyotype differences among the species of Tacamhaca.The karyotypes of most species(varieties) are made of m and sm and a few with st and t chromosomes.The karyotypes of Tacamhaca were all of 2B type of Stebbins.This study provided important basic data for taxon of Populus.     

鹅观草属五个类群的核型与进化

报道了鹅观草属５个类群的核型,即长芒鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２２ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）;短颖鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）;短柄鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ;纤毛鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２０ｍ＋８ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）;毛盘鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝１８ｍ＋６ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｔ。同时,通过核型重要性状的递变分析,揭示了鹅观草属５个类群的相对进化程度以及宏观分类中４个组的系统发育关系,表明鹅观草属的半颖组在系统发育中可能既派生了颖体短小的小颖组,又派生了颖体长大的大颖组和长颖组。     

Studies on Karyotypes of 5 Species in Ranunculus from Jiangxi

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 5 species in Ranunculus from Jiangxi. The result is shown in Table 1-2. The chromosome numbers of R. ternatus Thunb. (2n=4x=32; 2n=2x=16=8m+2sm+6st) , R. polii Franch. (2n = 2x = 16 = 8m+2sm+6st) and R. sieboldii Miq. (2n = 8x-1 = 63 = 15m+18sm+22st+8t) are first reported. The essential points are as follows: (1) The karyotypes of R. ternatus Thunb. and R. polii Franch. are rather similar, which shows a close relationship between the two species. (2) Polyploid complexes are common in Ranunculus. (3) According to the taxonomical system of Wang Wen-cai, the karyotypes of the two species investigated in Sect. Auricomus belong to “2A” of Stebbins; that of the only species in Sect. Hecatonia belong to “2B'; the karyotypes of the two species investigated in Sect. Ranunculus belong to “3A” or “3B”. The relationships among the three sections from thekaryotype are basically consistent with those based on morphology.     

Karyotype Variation and Evolution of Sect. Thea in Guizhou

Karyotypes of seven species, one variety and 11 forms of Sect. Thea occurring in Guizhou Province, were investigated by the wall degradation hypotonic method. The micrographs of their somatic metaphase are shown in plates 1-2 and the parameters of chromosomes according to Li and Chen (1985) are given in Table 1 and the idiograms in Fig. 1. The karyotype formulae are as follows: Camellia quinquelocularis 22=30=24m+6sm; C. tetracocca 2n=30=22m+8sm; C. taliensis 2n=30=22m+8sm; C. gymnogyna 2n=30=22m +6sm+2st and 2n=30=20m=8sm+2st; C. gymnogynoides 2n=30=22m +6sm+2st and 2n=30=20m+8sm+2st; C. jungkiangensis 2n=30=20m+8sm+2st; C. sinensis 2n =30+20m+8sm+2st, and C. sinensis var. ruoella 2n=30=20m+8sm+2st. All the karyotypes belong to Stebbins “2A”. The following main aspects are discussed. 1. Chromosome numbers: All these species are found to have 2n=30. Based on the previous and present reports, It clearly indicates that evolution of this group has taken place mainly on diploid level, but not on polyploid one. 2. The karyotype variation: Generally, all the karyotypes examined are similar, but according to symmetry of karyotype, they may be grouped into two types. One is characterized by metacentric (m)and submetacentric (sm)chromosomes, involving C. quinquelochlaris, C. tetracocca, C. taliensis, while the other is characterized by a pair of subtelocentric (st) chromosome besides m and sm chromosomes, involving C. gymnogyna, C. gymnogynoides, C. jungkiangensis, C. sinensis and C. sinensis var. ruoella. It is suggested that the mechanism for karyotype variation and speciation in Sect. Thea be pericentric inversion or reciprocal translocation. The first type is more symmetrical than the second one, and is thus relatively primitive. 3. The orginal center of Sect. Thea: Based on the analysis of karyotypes, morphological characters, geographical distribution and biochemical features, the authors consider that the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau including the contiguous area in Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou is the original center, from where it radiated, resulting in the present distribution pattern of Sect. Thea.4. Taxonomic treatment of Sect. Thea: The taxonomic treatment of Sect. Thea is complicated and still confused up to now. The number of species is more than 40 according to Zhang’s taxonomic system (1984), but, recently, most of them are reduced by Min (1992). Further work should be based on the concept of morphological discontinuity and in formation from other branches of sciences. Whether two types of karyotype are two biological species remains questionable.     

五种珍珠菜的核型研究

本文对５种珍珠菜亚属植物进行了染色体数目及核型研究。其中瓣珍珠菜２ｎ＝２４＝１２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）、黑腺珍珠菜２ｎ＝２２＝２ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ＋１０ｔ、泽珍珠菜２ｎ＝２４＝１４ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｔ和小叶珍珠菜２ｎ＝４８＝３４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ的染色体数目及核型为首次报道。中国九江产的红根草核型２ｎ＝２４＝２０ｍ＋４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）与日本产的核型２ｎ＝２４＝１８ｍ（１ＳＡＴ）     

宽叶韭居群间核型研究

对宽叶韭 1 0个居群的核型进行了研究 ,结果如下 :四川武隆居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =1 6sm+6st;四川大飞水居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =1 6sm +4st+2 t(2 SAT) ;四川南川居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =2 m+1 4sm+4st+2 t;四川宝兴居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =1 4sm+6st+2 t;四川青神居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =2 m+6sm+1 0 st+4t;四川沐川居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =2 m+1 4sm+2 st+4t;四川屏山居群 2 n=3 x=3 3 =3 m+2 1 sm+9st;云南西双版纳居群 2 n=2 x=2 2 =1 4sm+6st+2 t(2 SAT) ;广东乳源居群 2 n=3 x=3 3 =2 1 sm+6st+6t(3 SAT) ;广西龙胜居群 2 n=3 x=3 3 =2 1 sm+6st+6t(3 SAT)。研究表明 ,除四川屏山居群、广东乳源居群、广西龙胜居群是三倍体外 ,其余均为二倍体。它们都属于 Stebbins的 3 A型。此外 ,宽叶韭的不同居群间还存在随体染色体和核型组成的多态性。本文最后讨论了宽叶韭种内居群间核型分化的原因。