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1.
采用解剖及组织学显微技术观察研究了可口革囊星虫消化道的形态及组织学结构特征。消化道始于口,经咽、食道、游离肠、螺旋肠(上行肠及下行肠)、直肠,止于肛门,各段从内向外均由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层及外膜组成。粘膜层表面具微绒毛及纤毛,微绒毛增加了消化道的表面积,纤毛的摆动有利于消化道内食物或消化后残渣的运送;螺旋肠及直肠的粘膜层中均有杯状细胞,在下行肠前段与中段及上行肠前段与直肠中尤其多,杯状细胞能够分泌粘液,保护粘膜上皮,润滑食物及残渣。粘膜下层为结缔组织,肌层为环肌,外膜为浆膜。肠沿纺锤肌盘绕的特点延长了食物的滞留、消化和吸收时间,弥补了缺乏消化腺的不足。肠各段除直肠肌层较厚外,其余各段肌层薄或不明显。  相似文献   

2.
广东乌龟消化道组织学观察   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用常规石蜡切片法,观察了广东乌龟的食道、胃、小肠和大肠的组织结构.结果发现,这四种器官都是由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜组成,各部分的差别主要在于粘膜层和肌层.食道和大肠上皮为复层柱状上皮:胃和小肠上皮为单层柱状上皮.食道粘膜上皮特化形成与呼吸有关的绒毛.胃有大量胃腺,腔面有纵行皱襞.小肠表面有大量绒毛,在绒毛中可见肠腺.大肠具粘膜皱襞和较多的杯状细胞,无绒毛,可见许多分散的淋巴小结.胃和肠道肌肉为内环外纵,内环肌较厚,外纵肌较薄.  相似文献   

3.
黄喉拟水龟消化道的组织学观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
观察黄喉拟水龟消化道的组织结构.采用常规石蜡切片和HE染色方法对黄喉拟水龟的消化道进行观察.除了口咽腔以外,消化道的管壁是由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌肉层和外膜组成;各部分的主要区别在于粘膜层,食道和大肠的是复层柱状上皮,胃和小肠的是单层柱状上皮.黄喉拟水龟的舌桔红色,不能伸缩;食管中无食管腺,扩张性强:胃呈囊状,有大量胃腺,腔面皱襞较多;小肠较长,是消化的主要场所,表面有大量的绒毛,在绒毛中可见肠腺:大肠无绒毛,也存在皱襞.  相似文献   

4.
马氏巴蜗牛的生殖系统由十二个器官组成。作者利用组织切片技术对各个器官的组织学特点进行了研究。作者发现,马氏巴蜗牛输精管与输卵管的初始段是愈合的。阴道管壁肌肉层发达,管道柔软。指状腺腺体数目为四个。处于非生殖时期的蜗牛个体,恋矢囊内无石灰质恋矢。  相似文献   

5.
白鲟消化道形态学与组织学的初步观察   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
白鲟消化道具有肉食性鱼类的典型特征,其口咽腔结构既适合捕食又适合吞食与滤食水生动物。咽后消化道可分为食道、胃后行支、胃前行支、小肠、瓣肠、直肠与肛门。幽门盲囊似一致密器官,小肠与瓣肠连接处有一特殊淋巴器官,肛门两侧有腹孔。白鲟口咽腔被覆层扁平上皮,上皮内有味蕾分布。咽后消化道组织分层为粘膜(无粘膜肌层)、粘膜下层(小肠及瓣肠前部无)、肌层与外膜。粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,由纤毛柱状细胞、一般柱状细胞和杯状细胞组成,其间还散在有颗粒细胞和游走细胞。食道后部与胃的一般柱状细胞为分泌粘液的细胞,肠内的一般柱状细胞为吸收细胞。胃后行支及部分前行支固有膜内有消化腺,其余各部的固有膜为致密层。小肠前中部粘膜形成蜂窝状粘膜窦,无肠腺。除食道前部肌层中有横纹肌外,其余部的肌层均为平滑肌。外膜内结缔组织有的致密有的疏松,外膜表面细胞柱状或立方形或扁平。  相似文献   

6.
备课卡片     
备课卡片小肠的组织结构极大地增加了吸收面积经消化后的营养物主要吸收部位是小肠。成人小肠长约4~5m,是消化管最长的一段,肠壁自内到外为粘膜层,粘膜下层,肌层和外膜。小肠粘膜固有层及部分粘膜下层向肠腔突出形成许多皱襞,使小肠吸收面积增大近3倍。从十二指...  相似文献   

7.
可口革囊星虫消化道的形态及组织学结构   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
对可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)消化道各部分结构进行了形态学和组织学观察,表明可口革囊星虫消化道由翻吻、咽、食道、肠、直肠和肛门组成。翻吻收缩性很强;肠道极长,沿纺锤肌螺旋缠绕成肠索。消化道管壁由内向外分为粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜。粘膜上皮主要由柱状细胞组成。除肠外,消化道上皮细胞均有发达的纤毛,肠上皮细胞主要具发达的微绒毛;粘膜下层及肌层的发达程度因消化道的部位不同而异。  相似文献   

8.
商城肥鲵消化道的解剖学观察   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12  
该文首次报道了商城肥鲵消化道各部分的形态结构、长度及其组织学结构。结果表明,除口腔外,消化道管壁由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层构成,消化道各部分的差别主要在粘膜层和肌层食道粘膜为复层柱状上皮,食完纵肌层,胃、肠粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,胃、肠肌层由内环外纵两层平滑肌组成。粘膜上皮的皱褶程度、腺体分布情况、肌层的相对厚度等在消化道各部分也存在差异。  相似文献   

9.
石磺消化系统的组织学观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对石磺消化系统各部分结构进行组织学观察.石磺的消化系统由消化道和消化腺两部分组成.消化道包括口、食道、贲门胃、幽门胃、中肠和后肠,不具吻;消化腺包括肝胰腺、唾液腺和肛门腺.在光学显微镜下,消化道由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜4层组成;肌层主要为环肌,粘膜层主要为柱状细胞.肝胰腺甚为发达,组织结构显示肝胰腺由很多分支的腺管组成,腺管由腺细胞、分泌细胞等组成.唾液腺和肛门腺发达.  相似文献   

10.
美洲黑石斑鱼消化道的形态结构   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用解剖和光镜技术观察了美洲黑石斑鱼消化道的形态及组织学结构。消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃、肠构成。口咽腔较大,具颌齿、腭齿及犁齿;舌由基舌骨突出部分覆盖粘膜构成。食道、胃及肠均由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层及外膜构成。食道粘膜层绒毛分柱状上皮区及扁平上皮区,扁平上皮区表面为杯状细胞层;食道粘膜下层中有食道腺。胃呈V形,由贲门部、胃体部及幽门部组成,胃壁粘膜层上皮为单层柱状上皮,胃腺位于贲门部与胃体部的固有层中。肠细长,呈S型,由前、中、后肠构成,粘膜层向肠腔突起形成肠绒毛,粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,上皮游离面有微绒毛密集排列而成的纹状缘,上皮中含有杯状细胞,且杯状细胞的数量从前向后呈递减趋势;肠长/体长约为1.6。胃与小肠相接处有3对指状幽门盲囊,幽门盲囊的组织学结构与肠相同。  相似文献   

11.
Duodenal samples were taken from similar locations in six cats, processed, stained, and examined via light microscope. There were no prominent circular folds (plicae circulares) or stratum compactum (lamina subglandularis). The 1072 microns x 201 microns villi were covered by 46 microns high columnar epitheliocytes proximally which decreased in height (41 microns) distally and displayed a 1.1-1.7 microns striated border. Globular leukocytes, mononuclear cells, and twenty-eight goblet cells (exocrinocytus calciformis) per villus were seen. The intestinal gland (crypt of Lieberkuhn) epithelium was 20 microns tall and had a less distinct striated border. The 515 microns simple straight tubular intestinal gland layer displayed distal branching. Many mitotic figures, 12 goblet cells per gland, and occasional columnar to triangular cells with red cytoplasmic granules were seen. The thickness of the lamina propria mucosa (glandular portion) decreased from proximal to distal (563-465 microns). The lamina muscularis mucosa had two layers and decreased in thickness distally (71-28 microns). The proximal muscularis mucosa was penetrated by the ducts of submucosal (Brunner's, duodenal) glands. The tela submucosa decreased in thickness distally (593-192 microns) and contained submucosal glands with 11.5-75 microns lumina for the first 1.5-2.5 cm. However, submucosal glands could be found to a distance of 8 cm. The glandular epithelium ranged from 7.5-22.5 microns in height. Only one type of secretory cell was observed, with both mucous and serous properties. The tunica muscularis ranged from 190-1425 microns (median thickness of 557 microns) and had two layers.  相似文献   

12.
The digestive tract of Hoplosternum thoracatum consists of an esophagus, gastric area, anterior digestive intestine with elaborate folds, digestive intestine with decreasing folds and thin, smooth-surfaced respiratory intestine. The upper tract has a mucoid columnar lining which is gently folded, whereas the gastric area has numerous pits opening into the tubular secretory glands. Striated muscle comprises the anterior muscularis but is replaced by inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers in the gastric region. The digestive intestinal mucosa is elaborately folded, consisting of columnar cells with prominent brush borders. Mucosa, submucosa, circular and longitudinal muscularis and serosa layers are present throughout the tract. Goblet cells occur in both the digestive and respiratory intestine. Major changes that appear in the respiratory intestine are a drastic reduction in mucosa epithelial thickness and the penetration of an elaborate capillary bed into the epithelium. The other basic layers are not significantly reduced in thickness. The air-blood barrier consists of the thin epithelium, basement lamina and very thin capillary endothelium. Regional cellular composition and ultrastructural features are correlated with respective digestive and respiratory functions.  相似文献   

13.
香鱼消化道及肝脏的形态结构特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用解剖及石蜡切片显微技术观察了香鱼消化道及肝脏的组织学结构。香鱼消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃及肠构成。口咽腔大且狭长,其底壁前部有一对粘膜褶,两颌边缘着生宽扁梳状齿,腭骨及舌骨具齿,犁骨无齿;舌由基舌骨突出部分覆盖粘膜构成,舌粘膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,含有较多的杯状细胞和味蕾。食道、胃及肠均由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层及外膜构成。食道粘膜层上皮为复层扁平上皮,杯状细胞发达。胃呈V形,由贲门部、胃体部及幽门部组成,胃壁粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,贲门部与胃体部的固有层中有胃腺。肠较短,由前、中、后肠构成,肠壁粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,其游离面具微绒毛;上皮细胞间有杯状细胞。幽门盲囊有350~400条,其组织学结构与肠相同。肝脏单叶,外被浆膜;肝细胞形态不规则,肝小叶界限不明显。  相似文献   

14.
亚东鲑消化系统的形态学和组织学观察   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
亚东鲑消化系统包括消化道和消化腺。消化道分为明显的食道、胃和肠等。食道粘膜为复层上皮,其中含有杯状细胞和味蕾,胃、肠粘膜为单层柱状上皮,其中散布较多的杯状细胞。消化腺包括肝脏和胰腺,肝小叶分界明显,胰腺外分泌部由腺泡组成,内分泌部即胰岛分散存在于外分泌部之间。  相似文献   

15.
脉红螺(Rapana Venosa)神经系统解剖的初步研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
李国华  程济民 《动物学报》1990,36(4):345-351
本文对腹足纲、狭舌目、骨螺科的脉红螺神经系统的大体解剖和组织学进行了初步研究。脉红螺神经系统头向集中程度较高,神经节愈合现象较为明显。切片上观察,中枢神经节均由神经节被膜、胞体区和神经纤维网构成;形态上相似的神经细胞有集中分布的现象。  相似文献   

16.
米志平  杨智 《四川动物》2001,20(4):214-216
小熊猫的胃属单室腺型胃,它以角切迹为界,可分为胃底部和幽门部两部分。胃壁由粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜四层组成。四上皮为单层柱状上皮,具有分泌粘液的功能。胃腺有贲门腺、胃底腺、幽门腺三种,但贲门腺不发达。主细胞、壁细胞和粘液细胞的数量与分布呈现规律性变化。肌层发达,特别是内环行肌发达。并与大熊猫胃的结构作了比较。  相似文献   

17.
The venom glands of several species of elapid snakes are described. The main venom gland consists of many tubules which usually contain large amounts of secretion product. The accessory gland surrounds the entire venom duct and is usually composed of uniform mucous epithelium. The epithelium lining the tubules of the accessory gland of Naja naja is composed of two distinct types of cells. Histochemical tests indicate that the main venom gland reacts with mercury bromphenol blue and PAS but not with alcian blue. The accessory gland reacts with PAS and alcian blue, and not with mercury bromphenol blue. Treatment of sections with sialidase demonstrates the presence of a sialomucin in the accessory gland. Stimulation of the muscles associated with the venom gland offers an indication of the venom expulsion mechanism of Bungarus caeruleus. A comparison of the venom apparatus of elapid and viperid snakes emphasizes marked differences in the internal anatomy of the venom glands, muscles associated with the gland, and arrangement of glandular components. The morphological differences and dissimilar venom expulsion mechanisms support the recent view of the polyphyletic origin of venomous snakes.  相似文献   

18.
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雄性生殖系统的组织学研究   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15  
中华绒螯蟹雄性生殖系统的组织学研究表明:生精小管一侧为管壁上皮,另一侧为生发区,生殖细胞由生发区基底部同管腔增殖。输精管分为输精细管和贮精囊,管壁上皮具分泌功能,贮精囊有肌肉层。射精管壁肌肉层较厚,粘膜形成纵行皱襞。副性腺内壁为单层立方上皮。生殖系统发育有明显的季节性,8月开始发育加速,10月进入高峰,4月开始发育停滞。  相似文献   

19.
The parotid and the principal and accessory submandibular glands of the little brown bat. Myotis lucifugus (Vespertilionidae), were examined using light microscopy and staining methods for mucosubstances. The parotid gland is a compound tubuloacinar seromucous gland. Parotid gland secretory cells contain both neutral and nonsulfated acidic mucosubstances. The principal and accessory submandibular glands are compound tubuloacinar mucus-secreting glands. They contain somewhat atypical mucus-secreting demilunar cells that often appear to be interspersed between mucous tubule cells. The mucous tubule cells in both the principal and accessory submandibular glands contain sulfonmucins. Demilunar cells of the principal submandibular gland contain moderate amounts of nonsulfated acidic mucosubstances, but the corresponding cells of the accessory submandibular gland contain considerable neutral mucosubstance with very little acid mucosubstance. Intercalated ducts composed of cuboidal or low columnar epithelial cells are present in all three glands. Striated ducts in all glands are composed of columnar cells whose apices bulge into the ductal lumina. Excretory ducts are composed of simple columnar epithelium, with occasional basal cells that suggest a possible pseudostratified nature. The cells of the excretory ducts also have bulging apices. All duct types contain apical cytoplasmic secretory material that is a periodic acid-Schiff positive, neutral mucosubstance. Ductal apical secretory material is more evident in intercalated and striated ducts than in excretory ducts.  相似文献   

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