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1.
通过对内蒙古阿尔山地区落叶松八齿小蠹Ipssubelongatus Motschulsky天敌的种类调查,目前共发现落叶松八齿小蠹天敌包括捕食性天敌红胸郭公虫Thanasimus substriatus Gebler,寄生性天敌暗绿截尾金小蜂Tomicobia seitneri(Ruschka)、长蠹刻鞭茧蜂Coeloides bostrichorum Giraud以及螨类、微生物。分析了天敌的自然控制作用,红胸郭公虫对落叶松八齿小蠹成虫的日均捕食率为3.1%±0.77%(落叶松八齿小蠹成虫20头和红胸郭公虫成虫1头,室外12~24℃),日最大捕食量为10.7头(1头红胸郭公虫成虫与20、40、60和80头、100头落叶松八齿小蠹成虫,室内17~25℃);暗绿截尾金小蜂对落叶松八齿小蠹幼虫的寄生率为20.5%,对其蛹的寄生率为13.7%;长蠹刻鞭茧蜂对其幼虫的寄生率为6.5%;螨类对其成虫的寄生率为20.2%;而微生物对落叶松八齿小蠹幼虫的寄生率为4.3%,对蛹的寄生率为5.4%,对成虫的寄生率为2.1%。暗绿截尾金小蜂是落叶松八齿小蠹最有利用价值的天敌昆虫。  相似文献   

2.
对陕西红脂大小蠹Dendroctonus valens LeConte危害区的天敌种类调查表明,寄生于红脂大小蠹的病原真菌共有5种,其中幼虫期有头孢霉Cephalosporium sp.、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana和拟卵孢霉Ovulariopsis sp.,成虫期有球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana、枝顶孢霉Acremonium sp.、头孢霉Cephalosporium sp.、木霉Trichoderma sp.4种,其中以球孢白僵菌和枝顶孢霉Acremonium sp.的致病能力最为显著。捕食性天敌昆虫主要有西岳蛇蛉Agulla xiyue Yang et Chou、日本弓背蚁Camponotus japionicus Mayr、中华红林蚁Formica sinensis Wheeler、蚁形郭公甲Thanasimus formicarius(L.)及纤细阎甲Platysoma attenuata(LeConte),它们对红脂大小蠹均有较明显的控制作用。寄生性天敌主要有1种寄生蝇和1种茧蜂。  相似文献   

3.
强大小蠹植物源引诱剂林间应用技术   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9  
20 0 1~ 2 0 0 2年在山西省榆次区庆城林场对自行研制生产的强大小蠹DendroctomusvalensLeConte植物引诱剂诱芯和诱捕器在林间的应用技术进行了研究 ,并在山西省的 1 3个县、林场悬挂 2 0 0 0个诱捕器开展了强大小蠹发生期监测和大面积诱杀防治推广试验工作。结果显示 ,该诱捕技术对强大小蠹成虫有较好的诱捕效果 ,2 0 0 0个诱捕器在成虫羽化期 61d共诱到大小蠹成虫近 2 0万头 ,可明显降低当代成虫虫口密度。试验表明 ,诱虫数量随林地虫口密度增加而增大 ,诱捕器设置高度对诱虫量有一定影响 ,以悬挂在主干下端距地面 5~ 1 0cm处效果最好。诱捕器之间水平距离建议间隔 1 0 0m为好。  相似文献   

4.
外来入侵害虫红脂大小蠹对寄主挥发物的反应   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
2002年,利用寄主挥发性物质(+)-α-蒎烯、(-)-β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和(-)柠檬烯按不同配比制成诱芯,采用自行研制的挥发物释放装置,在山西省关帝山森林经营局西葫芦林场对危害油松Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.的重大外来入侵林业害虫红脂大小蠹Dendroctomus valens LeConte进行了引诱试验。结果表明,3蒈烯对红脂大小蠹的引诱作用最强,明显优于单独使用(+)-α-蒎烯和(-)-β-蒎烯的诱虫效果,也比北美应用的标准诱芯[(+)- α蒎烯(-)-β-蒎烯与3-蒈烯的比例为1∶1∶1]效果好;在标准诱芯中加入油松另一主要成分-(-)柠檬烯会明显降低诱虫效果。红脂大小蠹引诱剂最佳释放量为150 mg/d。该研究不仅对我国红脂大小蠹的监控具有实际应用意义,也从理论上探讨了红脂大小蠹与寄主油松协同进化的化学生态学过程。  相似文献   

5.
蚁形郭公虫生物学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
叶辉  王文 《昆虫知识》1999,36(2):86-88
蚁形郭公虫Thanasimusformicarius(L.)属鞘翅目(Chlaptera),郭公虫科(Cleridea),为小蠹虫重要的捕食性天敌[1]。蚁形郭公虫的幼虫和成虫均表现出较强的猎物搜寻和捕食能力,可以借助小蠹虫释放的聚集信息素确定小蠹虫的行踪,并能挖掘隧道深入到树皮内捕食蠹虫[2,3];此外,该虫的主要捕食时期与多种小蠹虫的发生期相吻合,对春季出现较早的小合虫具有显著的控制效果[4]。90年代初,为对正在美国大湖地区迅速蔓延的纵坑切梢小蠹实施生物控制,美国农业部特地从欧洲引进了20…  相似文献   

6.
脐腹小蠹Scolytus schevyrewi Seme.是榆树的一种重要蛀干害虫。本研究在宁夏盐池县通过室内观察和林间调查相结合,研究了脐腹小蠹的形态特征及其生活史、成虫寿命、习性、交尾行为等生物学特性。结果显示:脐腹小蠹虫在宁夏盐池县一年发生2代,以老熟幼虫或蛹越冬,老熟幼虫约占98.2%,蛹约占1.8%。越冬幼虫于5月上旬开始化蛹,5月中旬为化蛹盛期,5月下旬开始羽化,6月上旬为羽化盛期。第2代幼虫于6月底、7月初开始化蛹,7月下旬达羽化盛期,8月上旬羽化结束;脐腹小蠹雌成虫平均寿命为(27.14±3.74)d,雄成虫的平均寿命为(16.86±4.13)d,差异显著(P<0.05);此外,脐腹小蠹无滞育现象;脐腹小蠹的4种天敌,分别是榆小蠹长茧蜂Elachistocontrum sp.、虱形螨Pedieuloids ventricosus Newport、拟截斑郭公虫Thansimus sp.和蠼螋Labidura sp.。  相似文献   

7.
性诱剂在沙棘木蠹蛾监测和控制中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用性诱剂在全国7个省9个地区对沙棘木蠹蛾Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua,Chou,Fang etChen进行连续3年的野外监测和控制,结果表明:沙棘木蠹蛾性诱剂具有较好的野外监测和诱集效果,其中,平均诱蛾量最高的达26.6头/诱捕器,日诱蛾量最高的为45.9头/d,诱捕器之间的最佳设置距离为120 m,诱捕效率达50%以上。沙棘木蠹蛾性诱剂已成为沙棘木蠹蛾控制中最重要的措施之一,具有广阔的推广应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
不同诱捕技术对松褐天牛的诱捕效果   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
通过不同引诱剂、不同诱芯、不同诱捕器和不同缓释量对松褐天牛的诱捕试验,结果表明,4种引诱剂对松褐天牛都有一定的引诱效果.其中,引诱剂MA2K 05的效果最好,引诱活性平均为26.3头/诱捕器,对其它鞘翅目和半翅目昆虫也有引诱作用;引诱剂MA2K 13活性次之,平均21.3头/诱捕器;MA2K 11最弱,平均13.8头/诱捕器.3种诱芯A、B和C的引诱效果分别为14.73、4.25和20.3头/诱捕器,其中诱芯C内引诱剂总量为诱芯A或诱芯B的2.5倍,且诱芯C内的引诱剂3~5 d需添加一次,而诱芯A和诱芯B的引诱活性能持续1个月以上,因此,诱芯B较为理想.宣州诱捕器引诱效果显著高于日式诱捕器,分别为36.4和9.7头/诱捕器.不同剂量诱捕结果表明,随着诱芯缓释量的增加,诱捕效果也相应提高,当剂量从20 ml上升至80 ml时,诱捕效果增加不显著;当诱剂达120 ml时,引诱效果显著增加.  相似文献   

9.
大唼蜡甲人工大量饲养的主要影响因素及其控制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对从比利时引进的红脂大小蠹Dendroctonus valens捕食性天敌-大唼蜡甲Rhizophagus grandis Gyll.5年的室内大量饲养,对影响该天敌的产卵量、生长发育和羽化的主要生物因子和环境条件等进行了深入研究。对发现的影响其正常繁殖和生长发育的主要有害生物进行了外部形态、为害特点及控制进行了初步的研究,成虫平均羽化率从2003年的29.61%上升到了2004年的76.03%。研究表明,大唼蜡甲室内大量饲养的主要影响因子有:两种寄生螨(Proclaelaps sp.和Histiostoma sp.)、球孢自僵菌Beauveria bassiana、种群退化和温湿度条件。严格的卫生条件、病原生物的有效控制和种群复壮是保证大唼蜡甲群体饲养成功的关键。  相似文献   

10.
4种引进的引诱剂制剂对桔小实蝇引诱效果评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在果园试验评价了从美国引进的4种引诱剂与1种国产引诱剂对桔小实蝇的诱集效果,结果表明国产甲基丁香酚液体制剂(CME)诱捕实蝇成虫数量最大,为493.2头/诱捕器,雌虫率为9.0%,且持效期长达60 d;美国甲基丁香酚固体制剂(MEU)的诱捕实蝇成虫数量次之,为250.2头/诱捕器,雌虫率为0.4%,持效期39 d;醋酸铵+腐胺复合固体制剂(2C)、蛋白颗粒剂(PB)和醋酸铵+腐胺+三甲胺复合固体制剂(3C)3种美国产食物引诱剂中以2C诱捕实蝇成虫效果最好,诱虫数为152.8头/诱捕器,雌虫率为96.6%,持效期36 d;PB的诱虫数为49.0头/诱捕器,雌虫率为56.3%,持效期39 d;3C诱虫数为8.4头/诱捕器,雌虫率为92.8%,持效期18 d。  相似文献   

11.
In 1974 and 1979 in Clemson, South Carolina, adults of the common soldier beetle, Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus, were found to be infected by the fungal pathogen, Entomophthora lampyridarum. After infected beetles died they remained attached by their mandibles to foliage and flowers. The wings of infected beetles remained open, allowing conidiophores to develop on the upper surface of the abdomen. Primary conidia were elongate and measured 36.5 × 17.1 μm. Two types of secondary spores were formed: Type I spores were similar in form to primary conidia, but were somewhat smaller; Type II spores were formed at the apex of slender stalks and measured 37.7 × 15.3 μm. Resting spores were spherical, hyaline, and 22.3 μm in diameter.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract.  During the summer months, there is a high mortality of burying beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae) species in pitfall traps containing dry soil. The present study investigated the possibility that the burying beetle Nicrophorus marginatus is highly susceptible to death from desiccation. In the laboratory, adult beetles lose 1–5% body mass per hour in low humidity conditions (25–30% relative humidity), depending on temperature. This rate of water-loss results in a 50% mortality within 7–16 h at temperatures between 16 and 28 °C. Nicrophorus marginatus produces oral and anal defensive secretions when disturbed but these secretions do not significantly contribute to the high rate of water loss. Beetles readily drink and thus beetles with access to water or in high humidity conditions suffer near zero mortality. For comparison, the similarly sized mesic bess beetle (Coleoptera: Passalidae), Odontotaenius disjunctus , and a large nocturnal tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), Amblychila cylindriformis , are exposed to dehydrating conditions. Nicrophorus marginatus have higher rates of water-loss (by 26% and 79%, respectively). It is predicted that the diurnal N. marginatus uses behavioural mechanisms to avoid lethal water loss. In the field, N. marginatus displays a strong bimodal activity pattern, avoiding the hottest hours of the day. The significance of these findings is that N. marginatus defies normal predictions of association between water-loss rates and habitat type, and has extended its range into apparently unfavourable habitats despite high water-loss rates. In addition, the results suggest that researchers should provide moisture when studying burying beetles, including the endangered American burying beetle ( Nicrophorus americanus ).  相似文献   

13.
Untreated plot of ‘Kennebec’ and ‘Superior’ potatoes were sampled for Colorado potato beetle (CPB) at L'Assomption, Quebec, in 1982, 1986 and 1987. Numbers of CPB larvae per stalk were counted on 74 occasions for sample sizes ranging from 50 to 200 stalks. Regression techniques were used to estimate the relationship between mean and cumulative proportion of stalks infected. These were used to set up binomial sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) sampling plans for pest management decision making with tally numbers (or tally thresholds, cutoff numbers) equal to 0,1,…10. A binomial scheme defined by tally number equal to 4 is proposed for general use, and corresponding plans are given, with estimated operating characteristic and average sample number curves.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Interactions between the fungal symbionts of the polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) Euwallacea nr. fornicatus and avocado host trees of cultivars 'Hass' and 'Ettinger' were studied, with emphasis on the three symbiotic fungi of the beetle. Fusarium euwallaceae did not spread far from the beetle galleries and remained viable in live xylem for 25 months; Graphium euwallaceae and Paracremonium pembeum disappeared from the live tissue 2 months after inoculation, but remained viable in dead xylem. The role of F. euwallaceae as a pathogen that contributes to typical wilting symptoms of PSHB-colonized avocado branches was assessed. The enhanced resistance of 'Ettinger' than of 'Hass', as manifested in its fewer beetle attacks was not reflected in the interaction of these cultivars with the symbiotic fungi. The specific pseudo-pathogenic interaction of F. euwallaceae with the xylem may be the key to understanding the different susceptibility between attacked hosts.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract 1. The herbaceous plant Solanum carolinense (L.) (Solanaceae) is host to a number of specialist insects, including the leaf-feeding beetles Epitrix fuscula (Crotch) and Leptinotarsa juncta (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Potted individuals of S. carolinense were subjected to one of two treatments: exposure to herbivory by E. fuscula or exclusion of all herbivores. The effects of E. fuscula herbivory on larval performance and oviposition preference of L. juncta were investigated.
2. Although the masses of the L. juncta pupae did not differ between the two treatments, larvae feeding on damaged plants developed more slowly than those feeding on undamaged plants.
3. In both paired leaf choice trials and whole plant choice trials, larvae of L. juncta showed no preference for undamaged versus damaged hosts.
4. In a field transplant experiment, adult L. juncta females showed slight feeding preferences and strong oviposition preferences for undamaged plants versus plants that had been fed on by E. fuscula .
5. The results are discussed with reference to their implications for plant-mediated competition among herbivores and constraints on the evolution of plant resistance.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Spherical, virus-like particles with an average diameter of 70 nm were consistently found in the hemocytes of field-collected, spotted cucumber beetles, Diabrotica undecimpunctata. The particles and associated inclusion bodies occurred both in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Hemocytes containing the particles exhibited structural features which were indicative of virus infection. These were (1) the appearance of fibril-containing membranous vesicles, 70 to 80 nm in diameter, in the perinuclear space and in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, (2) accumulation of vesicle-containing cisternae in certain areas of cytoplasm, (3) appearance and condensation of granular material in viroplasm-like structures, and (4) appearance of virus-like particles. The results suggest that the particles are viral in nature and occur widely in leaf-feeding beetles.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract.  Adult flea beetles, Phyllotreta striolata , show a strong positive phototactic response. The action spectrum of phototaxis of dark-adapted beetles was measured with minimal required light intensity between the wavelength range of 300 nm and 600 nm. Male and female flea beetles showed identical phototacitc behaviours. The beetles were most sensitive to light with peak wavelengths between 350 nm and 430 nm in the morning. In the afternoon and evening, the sensitivity to wavelengths shorter than 430 nm decreased, but they remained most sensitive to 430 nm. These results suggest that changes in sensitivity of the photoreceptors or nervous integration influence the phototactic responses, and that the blue wavelengths are more attractive than others.  相似文献   

20.
All beetle luciferases have evolved from a common ancestor: they all use ATP, O2, and a common luciferin as substrates. The most studied of these luciferases is that derived from the firefly Photinus pyralis, a beetle in the superfamily of Cantharoidea. The sensitivity with which the activity of this enzyme can be assayed has made it useful in the measurement of minute concentrations of ATP. With the cloning of the cDNA coding this luciferase, it has also found wide application in molecular biology as a reporter gene. We have recently cloned other cDNAs that code for luciferases from the bioluminescent click beetle, Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus, in the superfamily Elateroidea. These newly acquired luciferases are of at least four different types, distinguishable by their ability to emit different colours of bioluminescence ranging from green to orange. Unique properties of these luciferases, especially their emission of multiple colours, may make them additionally useful in applications.  相似文献   

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