内蒙古三个民族舌运动类型的遗传学研究

调查了内蒙古汉、蒙古、回族舌运动类型(卷舌、翻舌、叠舌、三叶舌与尖舌),共716例。研究结果显示:各种舌运动类型出现率性别间均无显著性差异;卷舌基因分别与叠、翻、尖、三叶舌基因间存在着互相作用关系,卷舌基因对叠舌基因是隐性上位基因,对翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌基因是修饰基因;内蒙古3个民族间卷、叠、尖舌出现率接近。本文首次调查并研究了尖舌性状。尖舌在过去国内外文献中未见报道。 Abstract:The tongue moving types(including tongue rolling,tongue twisting,tongue folding,clover-leaf tongue and pointed tongue)of 716 cases of Han,Mongol and Hui nationalities in Inner Mongolia were investigated.The results showed that no difference in the frequencies of various tongue moving types between male and female and that the frequencies of rolling,folding and pointed tongue were close to each other among the three nationalities of Inner Mongolia.However,some interactions between genes were revealed,that the rolling gene is a recessive epistatic gene to folding gene and a modifier gene to twisting,pointed and clover-leaf gene respectively.The research on pointed tongue in this paper has never been reported in China and abroad.     

内蒙古达斡尔族舌运动类型的遗传学研究

调查了内蒙古达斡尔族舌运动类型（卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌）,共480例（男239例,女241例）。研究结果显示：（1）卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌出现率分别为80．42％、4．58％、31．25％、81．88％、31．46％;（2）卷舌、三叶舌出现率存在性别间明显差异;（3）卷舌基因与翻舌、三叶舌基因间存在互作关系,翻舌基因与叠舌、尖舌、三叶舌基因间存在互作关系;（4）卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、三叶舌的出现率存在民族间或种族间差异。     

四川凉山彝族舌运动类型的人类学研究

调查了314例（男204例,女116例）彝族中学生的5项舌运动类型（卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌）。结果表明：1）彝族卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌出现率分别为：73．57％、8．28％、22．29％、72．93％、1．59％。5种舌运动类型的出现率男女性别间均无显著性差畀;2）5项舌运动间相关性较小;3）尖舌基因与卷舌、翻舌基因均存在相关性,三叶舌与叠舌基因相关;4）聚类分析表明,彝族的舌运动类型与独龙族、布依族、仫佬族最为接近。     

广东客家人5项舌运动类型的人类学研究

应用随机群体抽样方法对广东梅州地区203例客家人(其中男68例,女135例)的卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌5项体质人类学指标进行调查,与国内外族群资料进行比较,分析了5项指标间的相互关系。结果显示,1)广东客家人卷舌率为63.05%,叠舌率为6.90%,翻舌率为34.48%,尖舌率为67.98%,三叶舌率为3.45%。与国内族群比较,广东客家人卷舌率较低,叠舌率中等,翻舌率较高,尖舌率较低,三叶舌率低。2)广东客家人舌运动类型出现率与四川邛崃汉族最为接近,具有南方族群的特征。3)广东客家人只有卷舌-翻舌间存在着相关。卷舌基因与叠舌基因是相互独立的。     

内蒙古6个人群舌运动类型研究

调查了2760例内蒙古中、西部区6个人群（鄂尔多斯蒙古族、伊盟汉族、锡林郭勒蒙古族、察哈尔蒙古族、乌拉特蒙古族、巴盟汉族）的卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌特征。研究表明：1）内蒙古西部区人群卷舌率、翻舌率、三叶舌率多低于内蒙古东部区人群;2）乌拉特蒙古族分别与另外3个蒙古族人群的叠舌率、尖舌率、三叶舌率存在显著性差异;3）5种舌运动类型的百分率不存在性别间的差异;4）卷舌与翻舌、卷舌与三叶舌、叠舌与翻舌、翻舌与尖舌存在着相关。叠舌与尖舌、叠舌与三叶舌、尖舌与三叶舌不存在相关。     

三种舌运动类型遗传方式的研究 Studies of Hereditary Mode on Three Tongue Moving Types

采用Penrose先证者同胞法和分离分析方法对72个家系资料的分析表明：卷舌、尖舌均为常染色体单基因显性遗传,阳性为显性性状;翻舌为常染色体单基因隐性遗传,阳性为隐性性状。虽然环境因素对这类特征的表现也有一定的影响,但遗传因素仍起主要作用。 Abstract:The data of 72 families were analyzed by the method of proband′s sib and the method of segregation analysis.The results showed that the hereditary mode of rolling tongue or pointed tongue is the dominant heredity of single gene of autosome,and the positive type of them is the dominant character;Twisting tongue is the recessive heredity of single gene of autosome,while the positive type is the recessive character.Present study suggested,although environmental might affect these characters,hereditary factors seemed to be dominant.     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟蒙古族3个群体5项舌运动类型的研究

1997年9月在内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟调查了947例蒙古族3个群体（厄鲁特蒙古族、巴尔虎蒙古族、布里亚特蒙古族）的卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌形状。研究表明：（1）呼盟蒙古族能卷舌（80.86%）、能尖舌（77.30%）者超过半数,能叠舌（4.86％）、能翻舌（29.25%）、能三叶舌（28.62%）的人较少。（2）除尖舌外,其它4种舌型均不存在性别间的差异。（3）5种舌运动类型间多相关关系。（4）3个群体翻舌出现率具有明显的差异,而另外4项舌运动类型多不存在差异。（5）与其他群体比较,呼盟蒙古族卷舌出现率较高,翻舌出现率较低。     

河北回族舌运动类型的研究

目的：对河北回族舌运动类型进行研究,为人类群体遗传学研究提供资料。方法：调查前先向被调查者示范各种舌运动类型,并嘱咐其练习后进行调查。结果：得出了舌运动类型的统计结果：卷舌与非卷舌、翻舌与非翻舌群体中其他舌运动类型的出现频率。结论：河北沧州回族卷舌与非卷舌基因和翻、叠、尖3种舌运动类型基因间分别存在相互作用关系,翻舌基因分别与叠、尖舌基因间均不存在相互作用关系。     

湖南2个民族5种舌运动类型的研究

报道了湖南侗族328(男150,女178)例和苗族321(男164,女157)例的卷舌、三叶舌、叠舌、尖舌和翻舌各类型的出现率。研究显示,2个民族的卷舌和尖舌频率在国内民族中处于偏低水平,而三叶舌出现率在国内民族中处于偏高水平,同时侗族是一个翻舌能力较强的群体;5种舌运动类型中,除三叶舌外,均表现出明显的民族间差异,但只有尖舌出现率同时在2个民族中表现出明显的性别差异; 5种舌运动类型间相关程度较高。     

兴安盟3个民族5种舌运动类型的研究

人类舌头的一些特殊运动类型(如卷舌、叠舌)是人类群体遗传学的重要指标。国外学者在该方面的研究较早较多[1—3],国内学者近年也已开始涉足该领域[4—6]。本文首次对我国内蒙古兴安盟的3个民族的5种舌运动类型进行调查研究,以探讨其分布频率及特征间相关联系。1　对象与方法于1998年9月测试人员在内蒙古兴安盟乌兰浩特市当地中学进行了卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌的调查,共获有效资料1852例。受试者身体健康,无残疾,11—20岁,其父母均为同一民族。调查遵照学术界公认的方法进行。2　结果与讨论21　各舌运动类型的出现率比较3个民族5种…     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.