榆木蠹蛾性信息素通讯系统的超微结构观察

为了解榆木蠹蛾Holcocerus vicarius （Walker）雌蛾性信息素分泌腺（性信息素释放系统）位置、 表面形态和超微结构及雄蛾触角感受器（性信息素接收系统）的种类、 形态、 分布及功能, 利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对榆木蠹蛾雌蛾性信息素分泌腺和雄蛾的触角进行观察。结果表明： 榆木蠹蛾雌蛾性信息素分泌腺位于腹尖末端第8～9节节间膜上的背面中央区域, 腺体表面分布着许多饱满的锥状突起, 2日龄处女雌蛾腺体细胞间有明显的胞连接, 细胞基底膜基褶较多, 质膜上分布着微绒毛, 并与内表皮连接, 内表皮上含有多层几丁质, 胞质中含有脂质粒、 大量空泡、 光面内质网、 粗面内质网及线粒体; 雄蛾触角鞭节上有5种感受器, 为毛形感器、 刺形感器、 锥形感器、 腔锥形感器和曲毛形感器, 其中毛形感器数量最多, 曲毛形感器最少。柄节和梗节被大量鳞片覆盖, 未观察到感器。榆木蠹蛾性信息素通讯系统的研究为榆木蠹蛾性信息素的生物合成、 性信息素的提取、 鉴定及成虫生殖交配生物学行为提供了依据。     

粘虫性信息素分泌腺的超微结构

对粘虫Ｍｙｔｈｉｍｎａ ｓｅｐａｒａｔａ雌蛾性信息素分泌腺的位置及结构进行了光学显微镜、扫描电镜。透射电镜的观察，结果表明：粘虫性信息素分泌腺位于腹部末端第８－９节节间膜腹面。求偶时，伸出节间膜，为一白色的囊泡。腺体表面分布着饱满的锥状体。羽化后５天未交尾雌蛾，腺体细胞呈单层排列，中央细胞为柱状，细胞核为椭圆形。细胞与细胞间有明显的胞连接，细胞基底膜基褶较高，质膜上，分布着微绒毛，并与内表皮连接，内表皮之上含有多层几丁质，外角质层染色较深。细胞质中含有空泡，线粒体、脂质粒、糖原及粗面内质网。了解粘虫性信息素分泌腺的位置形态结构，对了解性信息素合成和释放的时辰节律，改进性信息素的提取、分离、鉴定是有意义的。     

二个不同发育阶段茶银尺蠖雌蛾性腺超微结构的比较研究

本文利用扫描电镜和透射电镜分别对不同发育阶段的茶银尺蠖Scopula subpunctaria Herrich-Schaeffer雌蛾性信息素腺体进行了观察和研究,对探索信息素的合成途径提供科学依据。结果表明,雌蛾性信息素腺体位于第8、9/10腹节的节间膜上,由其表皮下方的单层上皮细胞组成,并几乎覆盖整个节间膜形成一个近乎完整的环状。成熟雌蛾(3日龄)性腺的超微结构照片显示性腺细胞具有发达的微绒毛、质膜内褶、大量的脂滴、细胞间的运输孔道以及细胞桥粒等结构组织。而在未成熟雌蛾(羽化5h内)性腺细胞内,这些结构均明显缺失或发育不完整。     

青海草原毛虫性信息素分泌腺的位置及组织学

青海草原毛虫性信息素分泌腺是一个上皮褶,位于第八、九腹节间的背方节间膜。覆盖分泌腺的表皮表面光滑,无鳞片和毛状突起。表皮可分二层。内表皮较上表皮厚,厚度有变化,深入到V形细胞褶内。V形排列增加了腺细胞的数量,有利于信息素产量的提高,但上表皮面积与细胞顶膜面积的减少,不利于释放,召唤雌蛾腹部末端连续地伸缩可能是一种补偿活动。     

小木蠹蛾性行为和性信息素产生与释放的时辰节律

观察了小木蠹蛾Holcocerus insularis的性行为反应,并采用腺体提取、空气收集 、触角电位和田间试验等方法对雌蛾产生和释放性信息素的时辰节律进行了研究。结果表明： (1) 该虫羽化24 h后性成熟,婚飞和交配活动主要在1：00～4：00,交配历时15～45 min;(2) 大部分雌蛾一生交配1～3次,雄蛾多数一生只交配1次,雌雄比为1∶0.89; (3) 雌蛾腺体提取物中性信息素含量同蛾龄有关,2日龄雌蛾腺体性信息素含量最高;(4) 雌蛾腺体中性信息素含量在1：00时最高,而性信息素释放高峰在2：30。     

棉铃虫性外激素分泌腺的研究

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera Hubner雌蛾的性外激素分泌腺是一个完整的上皮环,位于第八、九腹节之间。羽化2天雌蛾的腺体细胞方形,比未分化的上皮细胞大。腺体折皱,表面密布小毛,小毛无孔。表皮可分二层：上表皮和内表皮。上表皮致密,较薄,厚度均匀。内表皮厚度有变化,较厚,由12-14层呈螺旋状排列的几丁微丝组成,有上皮丝穿人,构成孔道。顶部细胞膜组成微绒毛,底部细胞膜有内折。细胞质内有粗面内质网,光面内质网,高尔基氏复合体、脂肪滴、糖原及线粒体等细胞器。大的细胞核位于中下部。     

红尾白螟和二点螟性外激素分泌腺的形态构造

红尾白螟Tryporyza intaca Snellen性外激素分泌腺是一个可外翻的上皮腺褶,位于第八、九腹节间的节间膜背方.分泌腺细胞柱形,细胞基部与基底膜相连,顶部复盖表皮层.表皮可分二层.细胞核椭圆形.二点螟Chilo infuscatellus Snellen性外激素分泌腺的位置与结构和红尾白螟的相似.红尾白螟和二点螟的性外激素分泌腺可以作为螟蛾科昆虫性外激素分泌腺的模式.     

国槐尺蠖性信息素的生物学研究

国槐尺蠖(semiothisa cinerearia Bremer et Grey)的性信息素腺体位置通过触角电位、扫描电镜和组织学三种研究技术进行了检查。触角电位证明性信息素腺体位于产卵器。扫描电镜确定在雌蛾腹部第Ⅷ和Ⅸ—Ⅹ节之间的节间膜背面有一囊状结构。触角电位进一步证明这一囊状结构为性信息素腺体。腺体横切显示性信息素腺体细胞特征为核大,细胞体呈柱状,细胞质内有小空泡。触角电位证明雌蛾在暗周期(20:00,21:00和22:00)产生的性信息素比在光周期(8:00、9:00和10:00)多。风洞试验显示雄蛾在暗周期(21:00)比在光周期(9:00)对性信息素提取物的行为反应强烈。田间试验证明性信息素腺体提取物具有诱蛾活性。上述结果为国槐尺蠖性信息素的化学分离和鉴定提供了基础。     

国槐尺蠖性信息素的生物学研究

国槐尺蠖(semiothisa cinerearia Bremer et Grey)的性信息素腺体位置通过触角电位、扫描电镜和组织学三种研究技术进行了检查.触角电位证明性信息素腺体位于产卵器.扫描电镜确定在雌蛾腹部第Ⅷ和Ⅸ—Ⅹ节之间的节间膜背面有一囊状结构.触角电位进一步证明这一囊状结构为性信息素腺体.腺体横切显示性信息素腺体细胞特征为核大,细胞体呈柱状,细胞质内有小空泡.触角电位证明雌蛾在暗周期(20:00,21:00和22:00)产生的性信息素比在光周期(8:00、9:00和10:00)多.风洞试验显示雄蛾在暗周期(21:00)比在光周期(9:00)对性信息素提取物的行为反应强烈.田间试验证明性信息素腺体提取物具有诱蛾活性.上述结果为国槐尺蠖性信息素的化学分离和鉴定提供了基础.     

六星黑点豹蠹蛾求偶行为与性信息素产生和释放的时辰节律

六星黑点豹蠹蛾Zeuzera leuconotum Butler(Lepidoptera:Cossidae)是一种重要的园林害虫。为研究利用其性信息素防控六星黑点豹蠹蛾,在光周期L∶D=14∶10、温度19—32℃、相对湿度75%—85%条件下,对雌蛾求偶行为进行了观察;采用腺体提取法和瓶内收集法分别制备了不同日龄在同一时辰、同日龄在不同时辰的雌蛾性信息素粗提物,然后测定雄蛾触角对各种性信息素提取物的触角电位反应;以雄蛾对腺体提取物的EAG值表示性信息素的产生量,对瓶内收集物的EAG值表示释放量,检测性信息素产生与释放的时辰节律。结果表明:雌蛾求偶均发生在暗期;雌蛾求偶率与日龄有关,其中2日龄雌蛾求偶率最高,平均为86.7%;不同日龄雌蛾求偶高峰期均在进入暗期4—6h期间;随着虫龄的增加,求偶高峰期前移。雌蛾羽化当晚体内即可产生性信息素,并且向体外释放,但量较少;2日龄雌蛾产生和释放的性信息素量最大;雌蛾腺体中性信息素含量从进入暗期后逐渐增加,在暗期5h含量最高,随后逐渐减少;雌蛾释放性信息素从暗期4h开始,至暗期6h释放量最大。通过林间处女雌蛾诱捕试验证明了六星黑点豹蠹蛾的求偶行为与性信息素产生和释放在时辰节律上具有一致性。     

Sex pheromone gland of the female European corn borer moth,Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera,Pyralidae): ultrastructural and biochemical evidences

The sex pheromone gland of the female European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis was studied using light and electron microscopy. The pheromone gland is formed by hypertrophied epidermal cells at the mid-dorsal region of the intersegmental membrane between abdominal segments 8 and 9/10. Active glandular cells contain extensive apical membrane foldings, a single nucleus, many free ribosomes, numerous mitochondria, microtubules and lipid droplets. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is scanty. In young moths, the glandular cells are smaller in size, the microvilli at the apical membrane are poorly developed and the cytoplasm contains fewer mitochondria, microtubules, and no lipid droplets. The surrounding unmodified epidermal cells are small cuboidal or squamous cells. These cells have ill-defined apical membrane foldings and do not contain lipid droplets in the cytoplasm and the overlying cuticle. Fatty acids analyses revealed the presence of the sex pheromone components, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and their immediate precursors, methyl (E)-11- and methyl (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, only in the dorsal portion of the cylindrical intersegmental membrane. Results of the present study show that the sex pheromone gland of O. nubilalis is restricted to the dorsal aspect of the intersegmental membrane between segments 8-9/10 and is not a ring-gland.     

Sex pheromone titre in the glands of Spodoptera litura females: circadian rhythm and the effects of age and mating

The present study investigates the effects of age and mating status on the circadian variations of gland sex pheromone titre in female Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Similar to other nocturnal moths, S. litura females exhibit circadian variations of gland sex pheromone contents, with higher levels during scotophase and lower levels during photophase. The sex pheromone titre in the glands peaks during the first scotophase after eclosion and sharply declines afterwards. Higher pheromone contents during scotophase may facilitate female reproductive activities, and the negative relationship between pheromone titre and female calling is likely the result of pheromone release during female calling. Interestingly, the present study demonstrates that mated S. litura females have significantly higher sex pheromone titre in their pheromone glands (PGs) than virgin females. This finding contrasts with all previous studies of other insect species, in which mating generally reduces the sex pheromone titre in female PGs. In S. litura, mating and male accessory gland fluids can suppress female calling behaviours and re‐matings. These results suggest that the suppression of female calling behaviours by mating and male accessory gland fluids may significantly reduce the release of sex pheromones and thus result in higher sex pheromone titre in the PGs of mated females.     

楸螟行为观察及性信息素粗提物生物活性测定

本文报道了楸螟Omphisa plagialis Wileman的羽化昼夜规律和（25±1）℃、光周期L∶D=14∶10条件下的雌蛾求偶节律,用Y形管法测定了雄蛾对雌蛾性信息素粗提物的行为反应。结果表明：楸螟的羽化发生在10：00到23：00之间;雌蛾在羽化当天即开始求偶,求偶行为集中在暗周期的23：30到01：30之间。采用正己烷提取的雌蛾性信息素粗提物存在性信息素成分,对雄蛾具有一定的引诱活性。     

Release mechanism of sex pheromone in the female gypsy moth <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lymantria dispar</Emphasis>: a morpho-functional approach

A morpho-functional investigation of the sex pheromone-producing area was correlated with the pheromone release mechanism in the female gypsy moth Lymantria dispar. As assessed by male electroantennograms (EAG) and morphological observations, the pheromone gland consists of a single-layered epithelium both in the dorsal and ventral halves of the intersegmental membrane between the 8th and 9th abdominal segments. By using the male EAG as a biosensor of real-time release of sex pheromone from whole calling females, we found this process time coupled with extension movements of the ovipositor. Nevertheless, in females in which normal calling behavior was prevented, pheromone release was detected neither in absence nor in presence of electrical stimulation of the ventral nerve cord/terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG) complex. Tetramethylrhodamine-conjugated dextran amine stainings also confirm the lack of any innervation of the gland from nerves IV to VI emerging from the TAG. These findings indicate that the release of sex pheromone from the glands in female gypsy moths is independent of any neural control exerted by the TAG on the glands, at least by way of its three most caudally located pairs of nerves, and appears as a consequence of a squeezing mechanism in the pheromone-producing area.     

棉铃虫Helicverpa armigera对性外激素和植物气味物质的嗅觉反应(英文)

本文用EAG技术研究棉铃虫对性外激素和植物气味物质的嗅觉反应。供试的气味物质有棉铃虫性外激素的二种主要组分和36种与棉铃虫寄主植物有关的植物气味物质。试验结果表明：1）只有棉铃虫雄蛾对性外激素组分产生反应,二种性外激素的组分中,Z-11-16：AL能引起较强的EAG反应。2）对植物气味物质,雌雄棉铃虫之间的嗅觉反应没有明显的差异。棉铃虫对性外激素和植物气味组分的嗅觉感受过程是一个有选择性的感受过程：不同种类的气味物质能引起不同的EAG反应。只有棉铃虫雄蛾才对性外激素组分起反应,在二种性外激素组分中：主要组分：Z-11-16：AL引起的EAG反应最高,高于大多数植物气味物质。次要组分Z-9-16：AL引起的EAG反应很弱。雌、雄棉铃虫对植物气味组分的嗅觉反应的选择性表现出一致的规律：对苯甲醛和绿叶气味物质的反应最高。单萜类中的萜烯衍生物（萜类醇、醛、酯等）的触角电位反应次之。棉铃虫对大多数的供试化合物的EAG反应都很小。最后,作者讨论了性外激素和植物气味物质对棉铃虫行为的作用。     

Structural organization of the sex pheromone gland in Helicoverpa zea in relation to pheromone production and release

Morphological location of the sex pheromone producing area in the ovipositor of the female corn earworm Helicoverpa zea, was correlated with gas chromatographic analysis of the extracted pheromone. Histological studies showed that the pheromone gland occupied an almost complete ring of specialized columnar cells between the 8th and 9th abdominal segments. Ultrastructure of the pheromone gland cells revealed distinct features such as microvilli, pockets of granular material, intercellular canals with abundant desmosomes. Apparent changes in some of these features are associated with phases of pheromone production and non-production. Examination of the tissue with low temperature scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of excreted droplets at the tips of cuticular hairs in the glandular area during the period of pheromone production.     

稻纵卷叶螟对性信息素和花香的嗅觉行为反应及在其种群监测中的应用

[目的]明确稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis生理状态对性信息素和花香气味的嗅觉行为反应的影响,以及在田间性信息素和花香气味诱蛾量的动态.[方法]于2020年在广西、湖南、浙江、四川5个试验点,通过田间网捕、花香气味和性信息素诱捕稻纵卷叶螟成虫,结合解剖卵巢和精巢,比较性信息素和花香诱捕的基本迁...     

OLFACTORY RESPONSES OF COTTON BOLLWORM,HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA TO SEX PHEROMONE AND PLANT VOLATILE COMPONENTS*

Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) were recorded from unmated, laboratory-reared male and female Helicover pa armigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) adults to two sex pheromone components and a range of plant volatile components, some of which are known volatiles from leaves and fruits. The female-produced sex pheromone was not detected by other female moths. The sex pheromone components to which male moths responded previously show to possess biological activity. As for plant volatile components, a large degree of EAG response uniformity between male and female moth was observed. The greatest EAG responses of all plant volatiles tested were elicited by monoenic C-6 alcohol and aldehyde. They are constituents of the “general green-leaf odor” that emanates from most plants. The potential adaptive benefit of selective perception to sex pheromone and green-leaf volatile components is discussed.