苯胺双加氧酶基因的克隆与序列分析

通过设计苯胺双加氧酶基因特异引物,以苯胺降解菌株ANA5基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增出目的基因片断。然后利用粘粒pLAFR3作为载体,以E．coliEPI100作为受体,构建了菌株ANA5的基因组粘粒文库。以PCR扩增产物作为探针,通过菌落原位杂交筛选得到两个阳性克隆,经Southern杂交及亚克隆测序分析,初步确认克隆到苯胺双加氧酶基因。同时完成了苯胺双加氧酶基因atdA3A4A5序列的测定,并对其核苷酸及其推导的氨基酸序列进行分析,结果表明克隆到的苯胺双加氧酶基因与GenBank报道的基因有一定的差异,同时体现了该基因在进化上的保守性。     

双加氧酶活力对细菌降解菲的指示作用

在液体培养基中选用两种石油降解细菌进行菲降解实验,研究了菲降解率和双加氧酶活力的变化。结果表明,菲降解率受其浓度的影响,当菲浓度为100mg·L-1时,其降解率为最高。而菲浓度高于100mg·L-1时,其降解率下降。实验发现在菲浓度为50～250mg·L-1条件下,细菌的双加氧酶活力与其菲的降解率存在较好的相关性,对细菌降解菲具有指示作用,可将双加氧酶活力作为菲降解率变化的评价指标。     

深海多环芳烃降解菌新鞘氨醇杆菌H25的降解特性及降解基因

[目的]为了从深海环境中筛选新的多环芳烃降解菌,了解其降解基因及降解特性.[方法]以原油作为碳源从印度洋深海海水样品中富集筛选出降解能力较强的多环芳烃降解菌,并根据已报道的相关菌属的多环芳烃起始双加氧酶大亚基序列及侧翼序列设计兼并引物进行扩增.[结果]获得了1株能够高效降解原油、柴油及多种多环芳烃的菌株H25.经16S rDNA序列系统发育分析表明它属于新鞘氨醇杆菌属(Novosphingobium)(96%).并从该菌株中扩增获得2条相似度为91.0%双加氧酶基因片段.2条序列在NCBI上Blastn分析表明均与菌株N.aromaticivorans DSM12444T的降解质粒pNL1上的双加氧酶大亚基具有最高相似度,分别为99.6%和91.0%.根据pNL1上的双加氧酶序列设计引物获得了包含H25双加氧酶大亚基及上下游序列的2个基因片段H25 Ⅰ(2.9kb)和H25Ⅱ(4.5kb).另外,单碳降解实验表明H25对联苯、2-甲基萘、2,6-二甲基萘、菲、二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃等均有较好的降解能力.[结论]H25菌株是Novosphingobium属可能的新种.深海细菌在大洋环境多环芳烃污染的自然净化中起到一定作用,并在环境生物修复中有较大的应用前景.     

LB克隆系统的构建及在鞘氨醇单胞菌基因融合表达中的应用

为摆脱限制性酶切位点不足的限制,构建可灵活改变多基因融合方向的表达载体,基于ⅡS型和ⅡT型限制性内切酶LguⅠ和BbvC Ⅰ设计开发了 LB克隆系统.该克隆系统是以广宿主质粒pBBR1MCS-3为初始载体,利用 PCR的方法,在其多克隆位点区插入LB片段(GCTCTTCCTCAGC)构建得到的.LB片段含Lgu Ⅰ和B...     

苯胺双加氧酶基因的克隆与序列分析*

通过设计苯胺双加氧酶基因特异引物,以苯胺降解菌株ANA5基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增出目的基因片断。然后利用粘粒pLAFR3作为载体,以E.coliEPI100作为受体,构建了菌株ANA5的基因组粘粒文库。以PCR扩增产物作为探针,通过菌落原位杂交筛选得到两个阳性克隆,经Southern杂交及亚克隆测序分析,初步确认克隆到苯胺双加氧酶基因。同时完成了苯胺双加氧酶基因atdA3A4A5序列的测定,并对其核苷酸及其推导的氨基酸序列进行分析,结果表明克隆到的苯胺双加氧酶基因与GenBank报道的     

鞘氨醇单胞菌的研究进展

鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas)不仅细胞膜含有比脂多糖更疏水的鞘糖脂,而且具有高效的代谢调控机制和基因调控能力,使其在威兰胶合成、环境修复和促进植物生长等方面具有巨大的应用潜力。目前国内在鞘氨醇单胞菌代谢机制方面的研究尚无新突破。本文主要综述了鞘氨醇单胞菌的系统分类、基因组学、基因调控机制及其应用等方面的研究,从基因层面分析鞘氨醇单胞菌产威兰胶的合成机制,为后续鞘氨醇单胞菌高密度发酵、工业化生产等研究提供理论基础,以便进一步发掘其在生物技术上的应用潜力。     

香蕉rbcS基因启动子的克隆及序列分析

以巴西香蕉为材料,根据已经获得的香蕉1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化/加氧酶小亚基基因的全长cDNA序列设计1对专一引物,通过PCR扩增得到了香蕉1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化/加氧酶小亚基的基因组全长,序列长811 bp,含有2个内含子。根据其基因组序列设计引物,采用SEFA-PCR方法,以总DNA为模板克隆了香蕉1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化/加氧酶小亚基基因的启动子序列,长1 681 bp。用PLACE软件分析发现该序列具有启动子的基本元件TATA-box、CAAT-box,包含多个胁迫诱导元件,如光诱导元件、赤霉素、低温诱导元件、昼夜节律调控元件等。该序列的克隆与分析为进一步研究香蕉1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化/加氧酶小亚基基因的表达调控奠定了基础。     

PAHs降解基因及降解酶研究进展

由于环境中的多环芳烃(PAHs)具有高遗传毒性和"三致"性(致癌、致畸和致突变),其生物降解基因和降解功能酶研究备受关注.多环芳烃双加氧酶是近年来研究较多的多环芳烃降解的关键酶系之一,主要由细菌产生,可通过氧化反应使多环芳烃开环生成小分子的中间产物并最终氧化成CO2和水.目前,有关这类酶的理化性质、结构特点、功能等的研究相继开展,本文对PAHs降解基因、降解酶的研究现状与发展趋势进行综述.     

微生物降解菲的机理研究进展

针对微生物降解菲的机理研究进展,论述了细菌、真菌在好氧、厌氧条件下代谢菲的产物以及推测的降解途径;在此基础上概括了催化反应的酶系以及编码酶系的基因簇。简要介绍了基因探针的应用,并结合本实验室的初步研究,指出了该领域有待深入探讨的问题。     

拟南芥AtPSK3基因的克隆及序列分析

根据拟南芥基因组数据库提供的信息,首次以特异引物经PCR技术克隆到拟南芥硫肽激素α的一个前体基因———AtPSK3,并对其进行了测序。序列分析表明,所获得的AtPSK3基因全长为505bp,含有一个内含子和两个没有3′或5′非转译区的外显子,与数据库提供的序列比较,同源性为100%。     

偶氮染料脱色菌株AZR偶氮还原酶基因的克隆及其序列分析

利用16S rRNA鉴定偶氮染料脱色菌株AZR属于葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)中的科氏葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus cohnii), 根据GeneBank上登录的葡萄球菌属的3个偶氮还原酶基因序列设计扩增引物, 从菌株AZR的基因组中扩增出偶氮还原酶基因, 其大小为567 bp, 编码188个氨基酸。GenBank搜索表明其为新基因, 递交GenBank数据库, 获得登录号为EU849488。通过互联网数据库及生物信息学分析工具进行初步分析表明, 该基因编码的蛋白属于黄素蛋白家族,     

Genome Sequence of the Welan Gum-Producing Strain Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555

Sphingomonas sp. strain ATCC 31555 can produce an anionic heteropolysaccharide, welan gum, which shows excellent stability and viscosity retention even at high temperatures. Here we present a 4.0-Mb assembly of its genome sequence. We have annotated 10 coding sequences (CDSs) responsible for the welan gum biosynthesis and 55 CDSs related to monosaccharide metabolism.     

Degradation of Chlorinated Dibenzofurans and Dibenzo-p-Dioxins by Sphingomonas sp. Strain RW1

The ability of the dibenzofuran- and dibenzo-p-dioxin-mineralizing bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 (R.-M. Wittich, H. Wilkes, V. Sinnwell, W. Francke, and P. Fortnagel, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:1005-1010, 1992) to oxidize chlorinated derivatives of dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin was analyzed. Strain RW1 degraded several mono- and dichlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins, but it did not degrade more highly chlorinated congeners. Most mono- and dichlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins investigated in this study were degraded to the corresponding mono- and dichlorinated salicylates and catechols, respectively, together with salicylate and catechol. This indicates an initial dioxygenolytic attack on the substituted as well as on the nonsubstituted aromatic nucleus of most of the target compounds. Strain RW1 could not grow at the expense of monochlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans as carbon sources, with the exception of 4-chlorodibenzofuran, which was stoichiometrically converted to 3-chlorosalicylate.     

两个枣树扩展蛋白基因cDNA全序列的克隆及分析

用定向克隆法构建了枣树(Ziziphus jujubaMill.)快速生长初期结果枝的cDNA文库,经过重组质粒的筛选,克隆获得两个扩展蛋白基因cDNA全序列,分别命名为ZjEXP1(GenBank登录号:FJ449891)和ZjEXP2(GenBank登录号:FJ449892)。ZjEXP1全长1 037 bp,包含编码254个氨基酸的完整开放阅读框;ZjEXP2全长905 bp,包含编码251个氨基酸的完整开放阅读框。两个序列有共同的结构特征,即在N-末端有8个保守的半胱氨酸残基的丰富域,C-末端有4个保守的色氨酸残基的丰富域,中间有一个组氨酸(His-Phe-Asp,HFD)功能域。两者之间的氨基酸同源性为74.0%。从已知的扩展蛋白基因家族的进化分析表明,ZjEXP1和ZjEXP2由一个祖先进化而来,又分别属于两个不同的分支。     

Haloalkylphosphorus Hydrolases Purified from Sphingomonas sp. Strain TDK1 and Sphingobium sp. Strain TCM1

Phosphotriesterases catalyze the first step of organophosphorus triester degradation. The bacterial phosphotriesterases purified and characterized to date hydrolyze mainly aryl dialkyl phosphates, such as parathion, paraoxon, and chlorpyrifos. In this study, we purified and cloned two novel phosphotriesterases from Sphingomonas sp. strain TDK1 and Sphingobium sp. strain TCM1 that hydrolyze tri(haloalkyl)phosphates, and we named these enzymes haloalkylphosphorus hydrolases (TDK-HAD and TCM-HAD, respectively). Both HADs are monomeric proteins with molecular masses of 59.6 (TDK-HAD) and 58.4 kDa (TCM-HAD). The enzyme activities were affected by the addition of divalent cations, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis suggested that zinc is a native cofactor for HADs. These enzymes hydrolyzed not only chlorinated organophosphates but also a brominated organophosphate [tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate], as well as triaryl phosphates (tricresyl and triphenyl phosphates). Paraoxon-methyl and paraoxon were efficiently degraded by TCM-HAD, whereas TDK-HAD showed weak activity toward these substrates. Dichlorvos was degraded only by TCM-HAD. The enzymes displayed weak or no activity against trialkyl phosphates and organophosphorothioates. The TCM-HAD and TDK-HAD genes were cloned and found to encode proteins of 583 and 574 amino acid residues, respectively. The primary structures of TCM-HAD and TDK-HAD were very similar, and the enzymes also shared sequence similarity with fenitrothion hydrolase (FedA) of Burkholderia sp. strain NF100 and organophosphorus hydrolase (OphB) of Burkholderia sp. strain JBA3. However, the substrate specificities and quaternary structures of the HADs were largely different from those of FedA and OphB. These results show that HADs from sphingomonads are novel members of the bacterial phosphotriesterase family.     

鞘氨醇单胞菌TP-3合成新型生物聚合物Ss的发酵条件优化

鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas sp.)TP-3能合成一种具有增稠性、假塑性、成凝胶特性和乳化性能的新型生物聚合物Ss。运用单因素实验和均匀设计法对菌株TP-3合成聚合物Ss的发酵条件进行优化, 实验结果表明, 培养基组成为葡萄糖41.2 g/L, 豆饼粉2.0 g/L, NaCl 0.85 g/L, K2HPO4 1.46 g/L, MgSO4 0.12 g/L, MnCl2 0.0075 g/L, FeSO4 0.002 g/L, 初始pH为7.0, 在27°C, 180 r/min的条件下摇床培养60 h, 聚合物Ss的产量达到21.5 g/L。该聚合物生产成本低, 在油田开发中极具应用前景。     

Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the Mycodextranase Gene from Streptomyces sp. J-13-3

Mycodextranase (EC 3.2.1.61) is an α-glucanase that cleaves α-1,4-bonds of alternating α-1,3- and α-1,4-linked D-glucan (nigeran). The gene encoding mycodextranase from Streptomyces sp. J-13-3 was cloned by hybridization with a degenerate oligonucleotide probe from the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme and its nucleotide structure was analyzed. The open reading frame consisted of 1,803 base pairs encoding a signal peptide of 60 amino acids and a mature protein of 540 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 56,078. The deduced amino acid sequence showed weak similality to a chitinase homolog from Streptomyces lividans and a chitinase from Xanthomonas sp.     

Cloning and Expression of the Benzoate Dioxygenase Genes from Rhodococcus sp. Strain 19070

The bopXYZ genes from the gram-positive bacterium Rhodococcus sp. strain 19070 encode a broad-substrate-specific benzoate dioxygenase. Expression of the BopXY terminal oxygenase enabled Escherichia coli to convert benzoate or anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate) to a nonaromatic cis-diol or catechol, respectively. This expression system also rapidly transformed m-toluate (3-methylbenzoate) to an unidentified product. In contrast, 2-chlorobenzoate was not a good substrate. The BopXYZ dioxygenase was homologous to the chromosomally encoded benzoate dioxygenase (BenABC) and the plasmid-encoded toluate dioxygenase (XylXYZ) of gram-negative acinetobacters and pseudomonads. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis failed to identify any plasmid in Rhodococcus sp. strain 19070. Catechol 1,2- and 2,3-dioxygenase activity indicated that strain 19070 possesses both meta- and ortho-cleavage degradative pathways, which are associated in pseudomonads with the xyl and ben genes, respectively. Open reading frames downstream of bopXYZ, designated bopL and bopK, resembled genes encoding cis-diol dehydrogenases and benzoate transporters, respectively. The bop genes were in the same order as the chromosomal ben genes of P. putida PRS2000. The deduced sequences of BopXY were 50 to 60% identical to the corresponding proteins of benzoate and toluate dioxygenases. The reductase components of these latter dioxygenases, BenC and XylZ, are 201 residues shorter than the deduced BopZ sequence. As predicted from the sequence, expression of BopZ in E. coli yielded an approximately 60-kDa protein whose presence corresponded to increased cytochrome c reductase activity. While the N-terminal region of BopZ was approximately 50% identical in sequence to the entire BenC or XylZ reductases, the C terminus was unlike other known protein sequences.