巢湖双桥河底泥疏浚过程中浮游植物功能群分类研究

浮游植物功能群分类分析可以精确地反映水体环境变化对水生生物群落的影响。为探究巢湖双桥河底泥疏浚工程对浮游植物群落及水生生态系统的影响,对2017年6月—2018年3月双桥河底泥疏浚期间的水体理化因子、浮游植物群落结构和功能群划分开展了研究。研究发现,底泥疏浚工程能够大量削减双桥河水体中的氮、磷营养盐,但疏浚后的双桥河仍处于中-富营养状态;双桥河浮游植物群落依据其生态功能可划分为M、H1、H2、MP、S1、L_O、X2、X1、J、F、N、G、X3、C、D、Y、W1、L_M、E、T、S_N、K、P等23个功能群,绝对优势功能群为以微囊藻为主的M功能群和以硅藻为主的MP、P功能群。底泥疏浚工程对双桥河浮游植物种类的影响不大,但藻类密度和生物量在疏浚后有显著地下降,浮游植物多样性指数也有提升。将浮游植物功能群生物量与环境因子进行冗余分析(RDA)和Pearson分析发现,水环境因子变化对双桥河浮游植物功能群产生了较大影响,双桥河浮游藻类优势功能群由底泥疏浚前的M、MP、P、W1、Y类转变为底泥疏浚后的C、F、J、M、MP、P、Y类。其中,底泥疏浚工程造成的氮营养盐削减可以对双桥河浮游植物功能群产生较大影响。研究认为双桥河底泥疏浚工程在改善河流浮游植物生态功能,减轻水体污染程度上有积极的作用。     

武昌湖浮游植物功能群演替特征及水质评价

为了解武昌湖浮游植物功能群的季节演替特征及其影响因子,于2019年12月—2020年10月对武昌湖进行季度采样,应用浮游植物功能群方法分析了武昌湖浮游植物功能群组成、时空变化,运用典范对应分析(CCA)、方差分解分析等方法,分析了影响功能群演替的关键因子,并运用集合指数(Q指数)和综合营养状态指数(TLI)评价湖泊水质。结果表明：调查期间武昌湖共检出浮游植物9门343种,根据功能群分类法可分为25个功能群,其中优势功能群18组,分别为A、B、D、P、MP、T、T_B、S1、S_N、X3、Y、E、H1、J、L_O、M、W1和W2;优势功能群的季节演替规律为P、E(冬)→W1、MP(春)→D、L_O(夏)→D(秋);CCA分析结果显示,环境变量对浮游植物功能群分布起决定作用,其中水深、水温、电导率、透明度、氮营养盐(TN、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N)是主要影响因子;不...     

贵州高原红枫湖水库浮游植物功能分组及其时空分布特征

为了解贵州高原水源红枫湖水库的浮游植物功能类群及其时空分布特征,于2012年至2013年枯水期(11月)、平水期(4月)、丰水期(7月)对红枫湖浮游植物与水体进行分层采样分析。研究结果表明,水库浮游植物可分为25个功能群,其中S1、F、J、B、D、S2、Y、LM是红枫湖主要代表性功能群,而W1、A、W2、K、X3出现频率较低,主要功能群生境特征都适应于中富营养水体,S1适应于透明度较低、混合程度较高的中富营养水体,F适应于深层混合的中至富营养湖泊,J适应于混合的高富营养浅水水体,B对分层敏感适应于中营养水体;各采样点主要浮游植物功能群季节变化大体相同,枯水期、平水期各采样点功能群较少,丰水期功能群最为丰富;水温是影响红枫湖浮游植物功能类群分布变化的主要因子;浮游植物生长策略变化规律为:枯水期CR/R/S策略藻种→平水期R/CR/CS策略藻种→丰水期R/CR/CRS/C策略藻种,水体浮游植物优势功能群在物质供给、能量输入均较理想的条件下能充分生长,随着能量限制程度的增加而较其他类群更具耐受性;通过浮游植物功能群与水体环境相互关系可以得出:红枫湖水体处于中富营养状态。     

太湖水库蓄水前后浮游植物群落结构特征

为了解太湖水库蓄水前和蓄水后浮游植物群落结构特征以及水质状况, 分别于蓄水前(2014年6月)和蓄水后(2019年3月)进行水样采集, 分析浮游植物群落结构特征和水质状况, 并对浮游植物进行功能群划分。结果表明: ①太湖水库蓄水前共检测出浮游植物1门21种, 其中所有种类均属于硅藻门; 蓄水后共检测出浮游植物4门25种。蓄水前呈现河流型特征, 蓄水后呈现河流型和水库型双重特征。②太湖水库蓄水前共归类出5个功能类群, 分别为D、LO、MP、P、X3; 蓄水后共归类出8个功能类群, 分别为D、J、LO、MP、P、T、X1、X3。浮游植物功能群演替明显: 蓄水前MP+P+D→蓄水后P。③通过RDA分析得出, 太湖水库蓄水前水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)和化学需氧量(CODCr)是影响浮游植物分布的主要环境因子; 蓄水后总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、悬浮物(SS)、透明度(SD)是主要环境因子。多样性指数和综合营养状态指数表明蓄水前和蓄水后太湖水库均处于中营养, 水库建坝蓄水后水质变差, 并对下游产生不利影响。      

呼兰河湿地夏、秋两季浮游植物功能分组演替及其驱动因子

于2012年夏、秋两季把呼兰河湿地划分为湿地保护区、湿地农业区、湿地工业区三部分,根据不同生境设置采样点并进行浮游植物标本采集。研究期间共鉴定浮游植物191个分类单位,隶属于7门9纲19目28科69属。浮游植物种类组成主要以硅藻门种类数最多(43%),绿藻门其次(28%),另外裸藻门(17.2%)和蓝藻门(8.3%)也占较大的比例。浮游植物丰度从夏季的1.23×10~7个/L上升为秋季的1.98×10~7个/L,两季平均1.6×10~7个/L。夏、秋两季共划分浮游植物功能分组19个,X1/W2/MP/Lo/J组藻种在夏、秋两季中均有稳定的出现,并占较大丰度比例,H1/Y/W1组的藻种只在特定的季节或地点出现,D/P/TB组藻种虽出现的频率较高但相对丰度较低。代表性功能分组从夏季的H1/MP/Lo/TB/J/G演替为秋季的MP/W2/X1/J/W1/Y。在采集浮游标本的同时,对电导率(SpCond)、总磷(TP)、水温(WT)等环境因子进行监测。利用典范对应分析探讨环境因子与浮游植物功能分组间的相互关系。研究结果显示,电导率,总磷和水温是驱动呼兰河湿地浮游植物功能组演替的主要环境因素。     

鄱阳湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征

鄱阳湖是中国第一大淡水湖,具有"丰水为湖,枯水为河"的独特特点。为探讨鄱阳湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构及其时空分布的特征,于2009年全年采集其不同季节、不同水位期的浮游甲壳动物样品进行定量分析。结果显示,鄱阳湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构总体与河流浮游甲壳群落具有相似性。无节幼体、象鼻溞、剑水蚤等河流优势类群在鄱阳湖浮游甲壳动物中占优势;而哲水蚤和溞属仅在低水位季节占优势,枝角类丰度仅在高温、高水位、流速缓的季节高过桡足类。丰水期浮游甲壳动物平均丰度和生物量远远高于枯水期,可达枯水期的50倍,差异极其显著(P0.01)。温度和水位变化引起的环境因子改变是导致鄱阳湖浮游甲壳动物发生季节演替的主要原因;而营养盐对浮游甲壳动物的影响并不显著。空间上浮游甲壳动物群落构成明显不同,年均丰度最高和最低的点均出现在河口地区。因此:对于换水周期短,水交换速率快的水体,应该充分考虑水文条件对生物的影响。     

新安江(安徽段)及其支流丰水期浮游植物功能群

于2016年、2017年丰水期对新安江(安徽段)及其支流进行水样采集,在分析浮游植物群落组成的基础上,进行了功能群划分。结果表明:调查断面的浮游植物隶属于6门55属,以硅藻门、蓝藻门和绿藻门为主要优势门类,其中硅藻门中舟形藻属、异极藻属、针杆藻属和小环藻属,绿藻门的新月藻属以及裸藻门的裸藻属具有较高的相对丰度;聚类分析表明,不同采样断面、不同年份间浮游植物群落结构存在一定差异;全部河流断面中,优势藻类共划分为27个功能群,其中MP、D、B、J、P、Tb和W1在所有采样断面均有分布,MP、D、B和Tb功能群不仅分布频率高,而且具有较高的相对丰度;整体上,调查断面水质介于I类与III类之间,个别断面水质低于III类,依据浮游植物优势功能群划分所对应的水质多为低或中等营养状态,与测定的水化学参数具有较好的对应关系; RDA分析表明,优势功能群与水体氨氮、总氮、总磷和CODMn相关;浮游植物功能群能很好地指示新安江及其支流的河流生境特征。从生物学与水环境化学的角度进行水质监测,可为准确掌握新安江流域水质变动以及水生态保护提供基础数据与理论依据。     

北部湾近岸海域浮游动物群落结构特征及季节变化

2017年3月(枯水期)、7月(丰水期)和10月(平水期)分别对北部湾近岸海域44个站位的浮游动物进行了调查。结果共检出浮游动物251种和浮游幼体24类,其中枯水期138种(类),丰水期134种(类),平水期191种(类),分属河口低盐、近岸暖温、近岸暖水和外海暖水4个生态类群。优势种9种,其中枯水期以原生动物占绝对优势,丰水期以枝角类、桡足类和浮游幼体类占优势,平水期以十足类和浮游幼体类占优势。浮游动物丰度年均值为789.95个/m~3,呈现出枯水期(1540.19个/m~3)明显高于平水期(457.58个/m~3)和丰水期(372.08个/m~3)的季节变化特征;浮游动物生物量年均值为252.40 mg/m~3,生物量的季节变化与丰度变化不一致,平水期生物量(385.01 mg/m~3)明显高于枯水期(221.41 mg/m~3)和丰水期(150.78 mg/m~3)。多样性指数平水期最高(3.16),丰水期(2.35)次之,枯水期(2.22)最低。枯水期和丰水期北部湾近岸海域浮游动物生物量和丰度水平分布特征基本呈现自河口近岸海域向外海递增的趋势,平水期浮游动物生物量与丰度的空间分布较为均匀。浮游动物的种类组成结构以及优势种的演替对浮游动物的生物量和丰度季节变化有着重要的决定作用。径流导致的悬浮物、营养盐等的变化可能是决定北部湾近岸海域浮游动物生物量和丰度空间分布的主要因素。研究还表明与其他海湾相比,北部湾近岸海域浮游动物群落结构趋于小型化,需加大关注。     

四川丘陵区水库浮游植物功能群季节演替特征及驱动因子

为了解四川丘陵水库浮游植物群落结构、演替规律和影响因素, 于2016—2017年分4个季节对该区域10个中小型水库的浮游植物功能类群演替与水环境变化关系进行了分析。研究期间10个水库共检出浮游植物9门104属188种, 分属于24个功能群; 在全年或各季节占优势的功能群, 多为喜高营养或喜静水, 耐低光、不耐冲刷和高光的类群, 包括低光静水类群S1、S2、S_N和Y, 高营养静水类群T_C、X1和X2, 高营养低光类群J和C, 及具有广适性的L_O。其中, 全年优势度指数Y>0.02的功能群有6个, 高低依次为S1>T_C>S_N>S2>L_O>J。单因素方差分析表明: 不同季节优势功能群存在明显差异(P<0.05), 其中夏季为S1+T_C+S_N+L_O+S2, 秋季为S1+S2+J+S_N+X1+L_O+X2, 冬季为S1+X2+C+X1+J+Y, 春季为S1+S_N+H1+J+X1+X2。丝状蓝藻的种类组成(包括S1、S2、S_N、T_C和H1)在四季间有所更替, 但其优势度并未改变; 季节间水库分层的形成与打破, 及水体光照强度、牧食强度和营养水平等因素的变化, 导致了该地区水库浮游植物功能群之间的此消彼长。RDA分析显示, 浮游植物功能群季节演替主要受水温(WT)、营养水平(包括总氮TN、总磷TP、氨氮NH₄-N和硝态氮NO₃-N)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)和透明度(SD)等环境因子的驱动。研究发现, 优势功能群现存量均表现出随营养水平和水温的升高而增加的趋势, 因此为防止丝状蓝藻在高营养水平与全球气候变暖的双重促进下发生暴发性增殖, 需要对该地区水库水质进行有效管理与修复。     

海南省典型水库浮游植物功能类群的结构特征与水质评价

为了解海南省主要供水水库浮游植物群落结构特征,于2006年12月、2007年5月、2011年8月和12月对海南省五座典型水库进行浮游植物采样调查。共检测出浮游植物158种,以绿藻、蓝藻和硅藻为主;共鉴定出26个不同的功能类群,其中优势功能类群有7个,分别是以硅藻为代表种的C和P;以蓝藻为主要代表种的S₁和K;以绿藻为主要代表种的J和F;以及以甲藻为主要代表种类的Lo。适应混合水体环境的功能类群有P、S₁和F,适应较高营养水平水体环境的功能类群有K、J和C,以及大中型水体中广泛分布的功能类群Lo。浮游植物功能类群结构组成具有明显的季节性,在枯水期浮游植物主要以C、P和S1功能类群为优势。浮游植物功能类群Q指数指出赤田水库和松涛水库丰水期为贫营养状态,枯水期为中营养状态;石碌水库全年均处于中营养状态;永庄水库和万宁水库是丰水期为富营养状态,枯水期为中营养状态。     

金河湾城市湿地浮游植物功能类群演替及驱动因子

于2015年春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(10月)三季,在金河湾湿地4类水体共设置12个采样点对浮游植物功能类群演替及与水环境变量关系进行分析。研究期间共鉴定浮游植物376个种,隶属于8门10纲19目19科101属。浮游植物种类组成主要以硅藻门(39.62%)和绿藻门(35.64%)为主,其次裸藻门(10.11%)和蓝藻门(9.84%)的藻类所占比例较高,甲藻门、隐藻门、金藻门和黄藻门所占比例较低。调查期间金河湾湿地浮游植物细胞丰度季节间差异显著(P0.05),整体上呈现夏季秋季春季的规律。春、夏、秋三季共划分20个不同的功能类群,双因素方差分析(Two-way ANOVA)和单因子交叉相似性检验(One-way ANOSIM)表明:代表性功能类群在季节间演替明显(P0.05),群落构成差异显著(P0.01)。SIMPER分析指出,S2/H1/B/D/Lo/X1/MP是引起金河湾湿地各季节之间浮游植物群落结构差异的主要贡献类群。通过代表性功能类群和10个水环境变量的典范对应分析(CCA)探索环境变量与功能类群演替的关系。经分析,总氮(TN)是驱动金河湾湿地浮游植物功能类群演替的主要环境变量,电导率(SpCond)、pH与功能类群演替密切相关。     

Long-term variability of the phytoplankton community in an isolated floodplain lake of the Ivinhema River State Park,Brazil

The phytoplankton community of river–floodplain ecosystems shows significant temporal fluctuations in response to hydrosedimentological regime. The aim of our study was analyze the effect of the hydrosedimentological regime of the Paraná and Ivinhema Rivers on the interannual variation in the composition, biovolume and functional groups of phytoplankton in an isolated floodplain lake (Ventura Lagoon) of the Ivinhema River State Park, located in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil). Samples of phytoplankton were taken at the sub-surface of the pelagic zone of the lake from February 2000 to December 2005. A total of 132 taxa were recorded, and the species that represented greater contributions to the phytoplankton biovolume were grouped into five functional groups (FG) (H1, H2, M, MP and Y). The distribution of the FGs were linked to the high and low water periods in Ventura lagoon. Functional groups MP and Y were the highest contributors to the phytoplankton biovolume during the high water periods, whereas FGs H1, H2 and M contributed more during the low water periods. The FGs were also useful for the interannual characterization of Ventura Lagoon by taking the changes caused by climatological factors into account. There was a strong dominance of Cyanobacteria (H2 and M) in 2000 and 2001 (La Niña periods) coincident with low precipitation and low hydrometric levels of the Paraná and Ivinhema Rivers and, consequently, lower water depths of Ventura Lagoon. In 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 (El Niño periods), when higher precipitation, higher hydrometric levels, higher discharge of the Paraná and Ivinhema Rivers and an increased depth of Ventura Lagoon were observed, Cyanobacteria (H1, H2 and M) were dominant, followed by Bacillariophyceae (MP) and Cryptophyceae (Y). These results reported here corroborate the utility of using FGs as indicators of interannual and seasonal variability in floodplain lakes.     

Physical factors and dissolved reactive silica affect phytoplankton community structure and dynamics in a lowland eutrophic river (Po river,Italy)

We tested the hypothesis that species composition and persistence of phytoplankton communities in nutrient rich lowland rivers depends mainly on physical factors. The study aimed to analyse the effects of water discharge, temperature and chemistry on phytoplankton dynamic and species composition in the lowland reach of the eutrophic Po river (Italy). Both taxonomical and morpho-functional methods were used. True planktonic and tychoplanktic (i.e. detached taxa of benthic origin that remain in suspension) species were found, among which only a few taxa and functional groups prevailed. Diatoms were the most abundant, with a clear dominance of species either sensitive to the onset of water stratification or well adapted to turbid waters. Phytoplankton abundance, biomass and chlorophyll-a followed similar trends, attaining the highest values in summer, at low discharge rates. Correlation and multivariate analysis revealed that the development of a stable phytoplankton community was mainly controlled by water discharge rates. Namely, changes in water flow rates induced major variations in the community structure. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton assemblages was also related to water temperature and dissolved reactive silica availability to some extent overlapping flow effects.     

Phenotype and temperature affect the affinity for dissolved inorganic carbon in a cyanobacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis</Emphasis>

In order to evaluate the effects of contrasting hydrological scenarios on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of phytoplankton in a reservoir, vertical chlorophyll and temperature profiles were measured and functional classification of phytoplankton was applied. From April to October 2007, at 1–2 week intervals, seasonal changes in various parameters were studied along the longitudinal axis of the canyon-shaped, eutrophic Římov Reservoir (Czech Republic). At the river inflow, phytoplankton markedly differed from the rest of the reservoir, being dominated by functional groups D and J (pennate diatoms and chlorococcal algae) without a clear seasonal pattern. From April to mid-June, groups Y and P (large cryptophytes and colonial diatoms) prevailed in the whole reservoir. Phytoplankton spatial heterogeneity was the most apparent during the summer reflecting a pronounced gradient of environmental parameters from the river inflow to the dam (e.g., decreasing nutrients, increasing light availability, etc.). A dense cyanobacterial bloom (groups H1 and M) developed in the nutrient-rich transition zone, while functional Group N (desmids) dominated the phytoplankton at the same time at the dam area. In late summer, a sudden flood event considerably disrupted thermal stratification, altered nutrient and light availability, and later even resulted in cyanobacterial dominance in the whole reservoir. Additionally, our study emphasizes the importance of having an intensive phytoplankton monitoring program, which would allow for detecting severe consequences of sudden flood events on phytoplankton spatial and temporal heterogeneity, which significantly affect water quality at the dam area used for drinking water purposes.     

The hydro-morphological index of diversity: a tool for describing habitat heterogeneity in river engineering projects

Species composition and seasonal succession of phytoplankton were analyzed in a lowland river located in South Banat (Ponjavica, Serbia). As a result of human activity, a network of irrigation channels was built on the Ponjavica River’s upper and lower courses. These channels reduce the water level in the river and help to create favorable conditions for accelerated eutrophication processes. Eight phytoplankton divisions with 444 taxa were present. Physical and chemical testing of water, phytoplankton abundance and biomass, as well as chlorophyll a concentration showed a high level of eutrophication. Cyanobacterial biomass developed in 2002 with dominance of Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Changes in phytoplankton composition were observed during 2008, characterized by the appearance and dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii when this species accounted for more than 85% of the total phytoplankton biovolume. The change in dominant phytoplankton functional groups was observed: codons H₁ and M characterizing summer in 2002 were replaced by codons S_N and S₁ in 2008. This study compares the presence of C. raciborskii with other phytoplankton species in relation to water quality parameters. High abundance of this species correlated positively with biochemical oxygen demand and turbidity, and negatively with NO₃-N concentrations during the study period.     

淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游植物功能群的季节演替及其驱动因子

在淮南矿区设置潘谢潘集站(PXPJ)、潘谢顾桥站(PXGQ)和潘谢谢桥站(PXXQ)等3个塌陷湖泊站点,分别代表3种典型矿区湖泊水文生态条件,于2013—2014年分4个季度采样并分析了3个湖泊浮游植物功能群组成、季节演替规律及其与环境和生物因子的关系。结果显示,3个湖泊的浮游植物种类可归入16个功能群,其主要优势功能群反映了小型富营养化湖泊水体的生境特征。PXPJ春季S1、X2和Y为主要优势功能群,分别以伪鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)、具尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas caudata Geitler)和卵形隐藻(Cryptomonas ovata Ehr.)为代表种属,随后3个季节C为第1优势功能群,以链形小环藻(Cyclotella catenata)为代表物种。PXGQ春夏秋3个季节中均以伪鱼腥藻为代表的S1功能群占绝对优势地位,冬季向C(以链形小环藻为代表)和D(以尖针杆藻为代表)为主的功能群演替。PXXQ春季X2和Y为主要优势功能群,分别以具尾蓝隐藻和卵形隐藻为代表,夏秋季以伪鱼腥藻为代表的S1功能群占据优势地位,冬季向C(链形小环藻为代表)和E(长锥形锥囊藻为代表)功能群为主的群落结构演替。水温和光照条件是驱动淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游植物功能群季节演替的关键环境因子,而营养盐和生物因素是导致3个湖泊功能群组成差异的重要原因。     

Analysis of the seasonal dynamics of river phytoplankton based on succession rate indices for key event identification

The seasonal dynamics of river phytoplankton was analyzed using succession rate indices based on data collected from year-round observations of two small plain rivers in the Upper Ob Basin (Western Siberia). The study revealed a generally clear seasonal pattern of structural changes in the phytoplankton of the lower reaches of the studied rivers. The dynamics of succession rate indices reflects the key events in the life of phytoplankton in the Bolshaya Losikha and Barnaulka Rivers, showing mainly changes in the dominant species during the main phases of the hydrological cycle. The most significant changes in phytoplankton structure tend to occur in the period between the spring flood decline and the beginning of summer–autumn low water. These changes coincide with the most drastic changes in both environmental conditions and phytoplankton successional stages. Use of succession rate indices to analyze the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton allowed us to distinguish between periods of abrupt change and periods of comparatively low-intensity changes in plankton composition in small lowland temperate rivers.