小檗胺对大鼠糖尿病性白内障模型中DNA损伤修复及致障过程的影响

利用链脲佐菌素（ＳＴＺ）引起的大鼠糖尿病性实验性白内障模型,观察小檗胺对晶状体上皮细胞ＤＮＡ损伤、修复及致障过程的影响．发现ＳＴＺ对照组在腹腔注射ＳＴＺ后３～４ｄ开始出现有显著意义的ＤＮＡ单链断裂（ｓｉｎｇｌｅｓｔｒａｎｄｂｒｅａｋｓ,ＳＳＢ）,并持续存在于发病全程直至晶状体完全混浊．而在注射ＳＴＺ后１２ｈ再腹腔注射３．４８ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重,１．７４ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重小檗胺后,一周后才出现有显著意义的ＳＳＢ．３．４８ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重组在５周后白内障形成率明显低于ＳＴＺ组的同时,ＳＳＢ也恢复到对照水平,而１．７４ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重组第７周才恢复到对照水平．提示抗氧化药物小檗胺能在一定程度上阻止白内障发生过程中的ＤＮＡ损伤．     

抗白内障药物滴眼对亚硒酸钠性白内障的预防作用

 观察了三种化合物(抗氧化剂与自由基清除剂)对大鼠亚硒酸钠性白内障的滴眼预防作用。实验分为正常对照组、亚硒酸钠组及滴眼预防组。亚硒酸钠组及滴眼预防组系给12─13日龄的大鼠皮下注射亚硒酸钠,首次剂量为6μmol/kg体重,间日一次,逐次递增1μmol/kg体重,连续六次。预防组则为大鼠开眼后同时滴眼抗氧化剂与自由基清除剂。结果表明,三种化合物通过滴眼均能有效的防止亚硒酸钠性白内障的发生,白内障的发生率从95.8％降低至15％～43.5％。同时测定了各组晶状体中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSSG-R)及谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSH-S)的活性,结果表明,凡注射硒的大鼠晶状体中GSH-Px及GSSG-R的活性均比正常晶状体的高,接受抗氧化剂与自由基清除剂预防的大鼠晶状体中这两种酶的活性比未接受预防的大鼠晶状体中的低。单独注射硒的大鼠晶状体中GSH-S的活性比正常晶状体的高。接受预防的大鼠晶状体中此酶的活性和正常晶状体无差异,但比单独注射硒的大鼠晶状体中的低。     

抗氧化剂与自由基清除剂对硒性白内障形成的影响

本文观察了8种化合物(抗氧化剂及自由基清除剂)对大鼠亚硒酸钠性白内障的影响。实验分为正常对照组,亚硒酸钠组及药物对抗组。亚硒酸钠组系给13日龄大鼠皮下注射亚硒酸钠(6μmoles/kg体重),间日一次,逐次递增1μmole/kg体重,连续5次,药物对抗组则同时腹腔注射抗氧化剂或自由基清除剂,每日观察并记录白内障的发生频率及程度,实验表明,一些抗氧化剂及自由基清除剂能够有效的对抗亚硒酸钠性白内障的发生发展,其中AC1、AC3及AC3的效果尤为明显。本文的结果为探讨白内障形成机理及防治提供了实验依据。     

三种类型辐射对质粒超螺旋DNA损伤的研究

用ａｇａｒｏｓｅ电泳和图象处理技术比较了６０Ｃｏγ射线、ＵＶ及低能Ｎ＋离子处理ｐＵＣ１９ＤＮＡ超螺旋结构的损伤效应及若干自由基清除剂的保护效应。结果表明：（１）γ射线和ＵＶ照射干燥ＤＮＡ的损伤显著低于水溶液样品;（２）Ｎ＋离子注入后超螺旋ＤＮＡ的减少（ＳＣ％）与剂量呈良好线性关系,而γ射线和ＵＶ组的ＳＣ％随剂量升高呈指数下降;（３）干燥ＤＮＡγ辐照组的Ｄ３７值为８２０Ｇｙ,ＳＣ完全消失的剂量ＬＤ为３８１４Ｇｙ,ＬＤ／Ｄ３７＝４．６５;ＵＶ照射组的相应值分别为：１．６５Ｊ／ｃｍ２,７．６５Ｊ／ｃｍ２,４．６４;Ｎ＋离子组的相应值为：３．２×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２,５．０×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２和１．５６。虽然上述三种辐射的剂量单位不同,不能直接比较其相对生物学效应,但从ＬＤ与Ｄ３７的比值可反映ＤＮＡＳＣ破坏的程度和终点剂量（ＳＣ％＝０）的大小。从而看出,Ｎ＋离子（高ＬＥＴ辐射）比γ射线（低ＬＥＴ辐射）ＵＶ（非电离辐射）对ＤＮＡ损伤作用更强;（４）乙醇、甘露醇等自由基清除剂对电离辐射损伤有很强的保护作用,但对ＵＶ损伤未见明显的保护效应     

多胺与枇杷果实冷害的关系

应用薄层－荧光法测定多胺含量研究其与枇杷（Ｅｒｉｏｂｏｔｒｙａ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ Ｌｉｎｄｌ．ｃｖ．Ｄａｈｏｎｇｐａｏ）果实冷害的关系。果实在℃下贮藏时,精胺（ＳＰＭ）和亚精胺（ＳＰＤ）含量逐渐下降,但ＳＰＭ在２周后迅速回升并于第３周时达到高峰,随后又迅速下降,ＳＰＭ在３周后反弹上升。腐胺（ＰＵＴ）含量在前２周缓慢上升,２周后迅速积累并于第３周时形成高峰,随后也迅速下降,贮藏３周后的果实出现明显产     

低分子量硫酸葡聚糖对小鼠造血干细胞动员作用的研究

给小鼠静脉注射低分子量（＜１０￣４ｕ）硫酸葡聚糖（ＤＳ）１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ后外周血中白细胞、单个核细胞（ｍｏｎｏｎｕｃｌｅａｒｃｅｋ,ＭＮＣ）、ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ产率等指标出现时相性变化。给药后１ｈ开始升高,２ｈ达到高峰、分别为药前值的２．２、２．６、３．８、４．４和３．０倍,７ｈ时趋向正常。给药后２ｈ上述各类细胞在外周血中的含量随着ＤＳ的剂量增加而增加。白细胞、ＭＮＣ计数在ＤＳ１８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时达到峰值,均为对照组的４倍。２４０ｍｇ／ｋ８时未见明显增加。不同剂量ＤＳ对各系祖细胞均有不同程度的动员作用,ＤＳ剂量１５－３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ效果最好,每升血中ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ的数量分别相当于对照组的５．０、１１．９和８．８倍。其峰值出现时间与白细胞、ＭＮＣ不同,表明ＤＳ对不同类型细胞的作用机制也不尽一致。经口给小鼠投以ＤＳ２４０和４８ｏｍｇ／ｋｇ后,未见外周血中白细胞、ＭＮＣ计数有显著性升高,提示对造血干细胞没有动员作用。     

白内障晶体中某些微量元素、与谷胱甘肽相关酶类活性的动态观察及其相互关系

本文动态观察了用平阳霉素诱发的大鼠白内障晶体中与谷胱甘肽代谢相关酶类活性和微量元素水平的变化,并与正常晶体进行比较,同时就酶活性与微量元素水平的相关性进行了检验。结果表明：（１）注射平阳霉素早期酶活性增高,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（ＧＳＳＧ－Ｒ）及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）等活性的升高达显著水平,后期酶活性均下降,尤以ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、ＧＳＳＧ－Ｒ和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｓ）等的活性降低明显;（２）ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ和ＳＯＤ酶活性分别与Ｚｎ具有相关性（Ｐ＜０．０５）,这两种酶也分别与Ｓｅ具有高度相关性（Ｐ＜０．０１）,此两种元素在该类型白内障形成中可能有一定意义。     

不同剂量白藜芦醇对糖尿病性白内障大鼠晶状体抗氧化酶活力的影响

目的:探究不同剂量白藜芦醇对糖尿病性白内障大鼠晶状体抗氧化酶活力的影响。方法:75只5周龄健康SPF级雄性SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为正常对照组、模型组,白藜芦醇低剂量组,白藜芦醇中剂量组和白藜芦醇高剂量组,每组各15只。五组大鼠均给予常规适应性喂养,模型组和白藜芦醇低、中、高剂量组大鼠采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)以60 mg/kg的给药剂量制作糖尿病大鼠模型,成模后白藜芦醇低剂量组按20 mg/kg、白藜芦醇中剂量组按50 mg/kg、白藜芦醇高剂量组按100 mg/kg的给药剂量每日给予白藜芦醇灌胃。观察12周后5组大鼠晶状体的混浊程度,检测血糖、体重后处死大鼠,检测晶状体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性改变。结果:随着白藜芦醇剂量的升高,白藜芦醇低、中、高剂量组大鼠的血糖逐渐降低而体重逐渐升高,且组间比较均具有统计学差异(P0.05)。三组不同剂量白藜芦醇干预组大鼠晶状体的浑浊程度均低于模型组,且白藜芦醇高剂量组大鼠晶状体的浑浊程度最低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。白藜芦醇低、中、高剂量组大鼠SOD、GSH-PX和CAT酶活力与模型组大鼠相比均明显升高,而与正常对照组相比均明显降低(均P0.05)。随着白藜芦醇剂量的升高,白藜芦醇低、中、高剂量组大鼠SOD、GSH-PX和CAT酶活力逐渐升高,且组间比较均具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:高剂量白藜芦醇可更为明显地降低血糖浓度,提高晶状体SOD、GSH-Px及CAT酶活力,改善糖尿病性白内障晶状体的浑浊程度。     

小鼠不同负荷游泳后LPO和SOD动态变化研究

本文研究小鼠游泳９０分钟后不同时间ＬＰＯ和ＳＯＤ动态变化及小鼠游泳后２ｈｒ、３ｈｒ、４ｈｒ后对ＬＰＯ和ＳＯＤ水平的影响。结果表明小鼠游泳９０今后ＳＯＤ酶活性高于游泳前，而ＬＰＯ水平在游泳后４ｈｒ内持续低于游泳前。证明游泳１．５ｈｒ使自由基损伤减少（ＣＰ＜０．０５）。小鼠游泳２ｈｒ、３ｈｒ、４ｈｒ后ＳＯＤ酶活性随游泳时间延长而降低，ＬＰＯ则持续增高，表明超负荷运动，机体不能清除自由基，不利于健康。     

左旋千金藤啶碱D1激动—D2阻滞作用引起伏核双相放电活动的电生理研究

为确定左旋千金藤啶碱（ＳＰＤ）对中脑边缘ＤＡ神经系统的作用特性,本研究采用细胞外记录的电生理学方法,观察微电泳和尾静脉给药对６－ＯＨＤＡ损毁及未损毁大鼠的伏核（ＮＡｃ）单位放电的影响。结果显示：ＳＰＤ累积给药（０．０２－２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ｉｖ）可诱发ＮＡｃ神经元双相放电特征,即小剂量抑制、大剂量兴奋。预先给予Ｄ２受体拮抗剂ｓｐｅｐｅｒｏｎｅ,ＳＰＤ则仅产生兴奋效应,并被Ｄ１拮抗剂ＳＣＨ－２３３９０所翻     

Efficacy of lower doses of vanadium in restoring altered glucose metabolism and antioxidant status in diabetic rat lenses

Vanadium compounds are potent in controlling elevated blood glucose levels in experimentally induced diabetes. However the toxicity associated with vanadium limits its role as therapeutic agent for diabetic treatment. A vanadium compound sodium orthovanadate (SOV) was given to alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats in lower doses in combination withTrigonella foenum graecum, a well-known hypoglycemic agent used in traditional Indian medicines. The effect of this combination was studied on lens morphology and glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. Lens, an insulin-independent tissue, was found severely affected in diabetes showing visual signs of cataract. Alterations in the activities of glucose metabolizing enzymes (hexokinase, aldose reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) besides the levels of related metabolites, [sorbitol, fructose, glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH)]were observed in the lenses from diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with insulin (2 IU/day), SOV (0.6 mg/ml),T. f. graecum seed powder (TSP, 5%) and TSP (5%) in combination with lowered dose of vanadium SOV (0.2 mg/ml), for a period of 3 weeks. The activity of the enzymes, hexokinase, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase was significantly increased whereas the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase decreased significantly in lenses from 3 week diabetic rats. Significant increase in accumulation of metabolites, sorbitol, fructose, glucose was found in diabetic lenses. TBARS measure of peroxidation increased whereas the levels of antioxidant GSH decreased significantly in diabetic condition. Insulin restored the levels of altered enzyme activities and metabolites almost to control levels. Sodium orthovanadate (0.6 mg/ml) andTrigonella administered separately to diabetic animals could partially reverse the diabetic changes, metabolic and morphological, while vanadate in lowered dose in combination withTrigonella was found to be the most effective in restoring the altered lens metabolism and morphological appearance in diabetes. It may be concluded that vanadate at lowered doses administered in combination withTrigonella was the most effective in controlling the altered glucose metabolism and antioxidant status in diabetic lenses, these being significant factors involved in the development of diabetic complications, that reflects in the reduced lens opacity     

一种估测土壤有机质含量的近红外光谱参数

通过系统分析我国中、东部地区5种不同类型土壤风干样本的有机质含量与近红外(1000～2500 nm)光谱反射率和一阶导数两波段构成的比值、差值及归一化指数之间的关系,构建了适合土壤有机质含量估测的光谱参数及定量反演模型.结果表明：用多元散射校正及Savitzky-Golay平滑方法对原始光谱反射率进行预处理后,其两波段组成的光谱参数与土壤有机质含量的相关性明显优于原始光谱反射率组成的光谱参数,而由上述预处理后的反射率一阶导数的两波段构成的光谱参数介于二者之间;不同类型光谱参数构成形式中,以差值指数的预测性最好,其次为比值和归一化指数;与土壤有机质含量相关程度最高的光谱参数,是以近红外合频区1883和2065 nm 2个波段的反射率经多元散射校正和Savitzky-Golay平滑后构建而成的差值指数DI(CR₁₈₈₃, CR₂₀₆₅),两者呈极显著的直线相关.经不同类型土壤的观测资料检验,模型的决定系数为0.837,均方根误差为4.06;与偏最小二乘法的全谱建模结果相比,尽管DI(CR₁₈₈₃, CR₂₀₆₅)的预测精度略低于后者,但该指数只使用了2个波段的反射率,且所建模型比较简单,能为便携式监测仪的研制提供更有效的信息,可作为一种良好的土壤有机质估测光谱参数.     

太湖水体漫射衰减系数的光学特性及其遥感反演模型

利用2007年11月8—22日太湖实测光谱数据和水质分析数据,分析了秋季太湖水体漫射衰减系数（K_d）的光谱特性及其影响因子,并在此基础上,利用水面以上遥感反射率, 以490 nm波长的漫射衰减系数［K_d(490)］作为中间变量,建立了漫射衰减系数与水面以上遥感反射率的遥感反演模型.结果表明：在可见光波段范围内,秋季太湖水体大部分点位的漫射衰减系数随波长的增加呈指数递减趋势;由于部分点位浮游藻类的含量较高,对漫射衰减系数影响较大,导致这些点位的漫射衰减系数在波长675 nm附近出现峰值;无机悬浮物对漫射衰减系数的影响大于有机悬浮物,主要是由于悬浮物中无机悬浮物的含量远大于有机悬浮物.漫射衰减系数与遥感反射率具有很好的相关性,以R_rs(550)、R_rs(675)、R_rs(731)作为自变量,与K_d(490)进行回归分析,得出K_d(490)与R_rs(731)具有很好的线性关系,而利用R_rs(550)、R_rs(675)、R_rs(731)进行多元线性回归的效果（R²>0.96）好于单波段［R_rs731)］算法.     

根区不同灌溉方式对苹果幼苗水流阻力的影响

研究了滴灌条件下根区不同灌溉方式（交替滴灌ADI、固定滴灌FDI和常规滴灌CDI）和灌水量对苹果幼苗及各组成部分水流阻力、气孔导度和叶面积的影响.结果表明：根区灌溉方式和灌水量对苹果幼苗水流阻力（R）的影响显著; 在相同的根区灌溉方式下,苹果幼苗根系阻力（R_r）随着灌水量的减少而增大,冠层阻力（R_s）随着灌水量的减少而减小.在相同灌水量下,与常规滴灌相比,交替滴灌和固定滴灌均提高了苹果幼苗叶片和叶柄阻力（R_l+p）,降低了幼苗全株阻力（R_t）、R_r、R_s以及侧枝和主杆阻力（R_lb+mr）.在20 mm和30 mm灌水定额下,交替滴灌的R_l+p分别比常规滴灌高1.06%和0.63%.在平均节水达33%的前提下,交替滴灌和固定滴灌的平均R_l+p分别比常规滴灌高19.65%和24.34%,但交替滴灌和固定滴灌的平均R_lb+mr分别降低了4.83%和14.97%.交替滴灌和固定滴灌等局部根区不同灌溉方式通过有效减小苹果气孔导度和叶面积,提高了R_l+p,从而减少了叶片的蒸腾失水,提高了苹果幼苗的水分利用效率,通过降低R_r和R_lb+mr提高了苹果幼苗调控水分的能力和抗干旱能力.     

Temporal relationship between lens protein oxidation and cataract development in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

We compared the progression of lens opacification with the time course of oxidation of lens proteins under conditions of streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. By the end of the 17th week, approx. 50% of the diabetic animals developed mature cataracts. During the following month, 95% of the eyes in the diabetic group became cataractous. In the course of lens opacification we observed a time-dependent increase in the content of protein carbonyls and decrease in the concentration of protein sulfhydryls in the lenses of diabetic animals. Significantly higher protein carbonyl (p<0.01) and lower protein sulfhydryl (p<0.001) content was found in lenses with the advanced stage of cataract when compared with the diabetic lenses still transparent. We showed that the values of protein carbonyls exceeding 1.2 nmol/mg protein and of sulfhydryls falling below 60 nmol/mg protein corresponded to an approximately 50% incidence of mature cataract development. At the end of the 34th week, when all lenses of diabetic rats became cataractous, the corresponding values of protein carbonyls and sulfhydryls were 2.5 nmol/mg protein and 27 nmol/mg protein, respectively. The main finding of this study is the disclosure of quantitative relationship between the degree of protein oxidation and the rate of advanced cataract development in the widely used model of streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats.     

温度、水分和施氮量对温室土壤pH及电导率的耦合作用

选取5年棚龄温室土壤样品进行培养试验,研究温度(T)、水分(W)、施氮量(N)及其耦合效应对温室土壤pH及电导率（EC）的影响.结果表明：随着培养时间延长,温室土壤pH逐渐下降,下降速率可用一级反应模型进行定量描述,其速率常数受各因素的影响表现为N>W>W×N>T×W. EC在培养的第1周内快速上升到最大值后略有下降,并在培养后期逐渐趋于稳态值（EC_sty）,EC_sty受N、W、T×W、T及W×N的影响,其中N、W、T×W和T的影响达到极显著水平,W×N的影响达到显著水平;通过减小施氮量及适当亏水灌溉可有效延缓温室土壤酸化和EC升高.建立了pH下降速率常数及EC_sty回归模型,可对不同环境及水肥条件下土壤酸化及EC变化进行预测.     

Resveratrol delay the cataract formation against naphthalene‐induced experimental cataract in the albino rats

Oxidative stress‐induced toxicity plays a major role in ocular diseases such as retinal degeneration, age‐related cataract (ARC) formation and macular dystrophy. In this study, we explored the possible role of resveratrol (RSV) at the different dose levels (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day, ip) in an experimental model of naphthalene (1 g/kg/day, po)‐induced age‐related cataracts. Morphological changes in the eyes of the rats in two groups, the RSV and the ARC groups, were monitored weekly, and biochemical parameters in the lenses were assessed after completion of the experimental work. A comparison between the rats in the two groups showed that treatments at RSV doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg/day significantly retarded lenticular opacity, restored antioxidants (CAT, SOD, GPX, GSH), Ca²⁺ ATPase function, and protein contents, and reduced lipid peroxidation in the lenses of the animals in the RSV group. The treatment with resveratrol at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day did not show any anti‐cataractogenic effects. Based on the results of our investigation, we conclude that supplemental doses of resveratrol at 40 mg/kg/day effectively prevent cataract formation associated with the aging via increased soluble protein contents and Ca²⁺ homeostasis, apart from the antioxidant restoration. The results demonstrate that RSV treatment may be considered as a promising preventive or supplemental measure for delaying and/or preventing the formation of ARCs.     

龙须菜对重金属铜胁迫的生理响应

研究了大型海藻龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)对不同浓度重金属铜(0、25、50、100、250和500 μg·L^-1)胁迫的生理响应.结果表明:当Cu²⁺浓度≥50 μg·L^-1时,龙须菜藻体的相对生长速率显著下降,最大光化学量子产量、最大相对电子传递速率和相对电子传递效率呈相同的变化趋势.随着Cu²⁺浓度的升高,龙须菜藻体最大净光合速率和光饱和点显著降低,而光补偿点显著升高,叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和藻胆蛋白含量则呈先升高后下降的趋势;当Cu²⁺浓度达到500 μg·L^-1时,叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和藻胆蛋白含量显著下降.说明龙须菜在低浓度Cu²⁺胁迫下具有一定的抵抗能力,而当Cu²⁺浓度≥50 μg·L^-1时,会对藻体生理活动造成显著的抑制作用.