甲状旁腺素为长时程钙通道的内源性抑制剂

钙内流是细胞的重要生理过程,推测体内有内源性物质负责它的调节,如果这些物质是特异性地作用于受体,那么,这种调节就可能更加精确。目前的研究表明,在神经母细胞瘤的细胞和血管平滑肌中,甲状旁腺素(PTH)就起着这样的作用。     

甲状旁腺素性质和作用机制

本文的目的是综述最近工作的结果,并提出关于甲状旁腺素作用机制的假说。甲状旁腺素的性质1925午 Collip 用热的稀盐酸提取牛的甲状旁腺获得了第一个稳定的甲状旁腺粗提物,此提     

肿瘤坏死因子α对ROS17/2.8细胞甲状旁腺素受体的下行调节

肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)是激活的单核巨噬细胞分泌的蛋白质,分子量17kD。其多功能性和选择性抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用受到高度重视。我们的实验表明:TNFα(3×10~(-10)-1×10~(-7)mol/L)能显著降低大鼠成骨肉瘤细胞株ROS17/2.8的甲状旁腺素(PTH)受体总结合率,比对照降低7.47-37.45％,且与TNFα的浓度呈正相关。时间曲线显示,TNFα作用时间越长,受体总结合率降低越明显。Scatchard作图表明PTH受体数目降低而其亲和力无显著变化。细胞周期分析显示,TNFα(3.83×10~(-10) mol/L作用3天)能抑制S期DNA合成。可见TNFα通过减少PTH受体数目以调节骨代谢。同时通过抑制DNA的合成以调节骨细胞的增殖。     

蛇床子素对L-和N-型钙通道的影响

目的:比较蛇床子素对不同钙通道亚型的作用差异方法:首先在tsA201细胞上瞬时转染Cav1.2,Cav1.3,Cav2.2e[37a],和Cav2.2e[37b]通道,然后采用全细胞膜片钳技术,记录tsA201细胞上的钙电流,并观察蛇床子素对各种钙通道亚型的影响结果:蛇床子素可以浓度依赖性抑制Cav1.2和Cav1.3电流,抑制的半有效浓度分别为162.1μmol·L^-1和56.2μmol·L^-1。此外,蛇床子素对Cav2.2通道也有一定的抑制作用,在300μmol·L^-1的浓度下,抑制38%的Cav2.2e[37a]电流和61%的Cav2.2e[37b]电流蛇床子素对钙电流的抑制是快速可逆的蛇床子素在各个测试电位水平均能抑制上述四种钙通道电流,但不改变电流的激活阈值和最大峰值电流的激活电压。结论:蛇床子素以浓度依赖的方式抑制多种钙通道亚型并表现出不同的亲和力     

蛇床子素对L-和N-型钙通道的影响

目的：比较蛇床子素对不同钙通道亚型的作用差异。方法：首先在tsA201细胞上瞬时转染Cavl．2,Cav1.3,Cav2．2e[37a],和Cav2．2e[37b]通道,然后采用全细胞膜片钳技术,记录tsA201细胞上的钙电流,并观察蛇床子素对各种钙通道亚型的影响。结果：蛇床子素可以浓度依赖性抑制Cav1．2和Cav1.3电流,抑制的半有效浓度分别为162．1μmol·L-1和56．2μmol·L-1．此外,蛇床子素对Cav2．2通道也有一定的抑制作用,在300μmol·L-1。的浓度下,抑制38％的Cav2．2e[37a]电流和61％的Cav2．2e[37b]电流,蛇床子素对钙电流的抑制是快速可逆的。蛇床子素在各个测试电位水平均能抑制上述四种钙通道电流,但不改变电流的激活阂值和最大峰值电流的激活电压。结论：蛇床子素以浓度依赖的方式抑制多种钙通道亚型并表现出不同的亲和力。     

溴氰菊酯对神经细胞钙通道和钙库的激活作用

应用膜片钳全细胞记录方式和显微荧光测钙技术,以MN9D神经细胞为材料研究了溴氰菊酯的作用机理。低浓度(10^-9 mol/L～10^-7 mol/L)溴氰菊酯就能使神经细胞Ca²⁺电流显著增加。10^-9 mol/L,1 min时电流增加平均值为20.64%,5 min时为15.48%,表明溴氰菊酯能激活高电位激活钙通道(L型和N型),促使Ca²⁺内流,显微荧光测定细胞内自由钙离子浓度（［Ca²⁺］_I）发现,在含Ca²⁺和无Ca²⁺的胞外液中,溴氰菊酯均能使胞内自由钙离子数量增加,表明它能刺激胞内钙库释放Ca²⁺。［Ca²⁺］_I升高对细胞功能影响很大。     

甲状旁腺激素对成骨细胞中ClC-3 氯通道表达及成骨分化影响的研究

目的:观察甲状旁腺激素(PTH)对成骨细胞中Cl C-3氯通道表达及成骨分化影响,初步探索Cl C-3介导PTH在细胞成骨分化中的作用。方法:采用10-8M、10-9M、10-10M PTH持续刺激和间断刺激MC3T3-E1细胞72 h后,通过CCK-8试剂盒法检测MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖情况,Real-Time PCR法检测MC3T3-E1细胞中Clcn3及成骨相关基因Alp、Runx2的表达情况,免疫荧光法检测10-9M PTH不同给药方式下对Cl C-3蛋白表达的影响。结果 :经不同浓度PTH连续和间断处理72 h后,结果显示10-9 M PTH间断刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖能力最强,且其Alp、Runx2 m RNA表达均高于10-8 M组和10-10 M组(P<0.05),而相同浓度间断刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞成骨相关基因的表达均高于持续刺激组,以10-9M间断刺激组差异最显著(P<0.05),而10-8 M和10-10M均无统计学差异(P>0.05),10-9 M PTH刺激的MC3T3-E1细胞中Cl C-3蛋白表达也显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 :成骨细胞的Cl C-3氯通道能够响应PTH的刺激发生变化,并伴随着成骨相关基因Alp、Runx2表达的增强。     

Parathyroid hormone-related protein production in the lamprey <Emphasis Type="Italic">Geotria australis</Emphasis>: developmental and evolutionary perspectives

This study explored the distribution of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its mRNA in tissues of the lamprey Geotria australis, a representative of one of the two surviving groups of an early and jawless stage in vertebrate evolution. For this purpose, antibodies to N-terminal and mid-molecule human PTHrP were used to determine the locations of the antigen. Sites of mRNA production were demonstrated by in situ hybridisation with a digoxigenin-labelled riboprobe to exon VI of the human PTHrP gene. The results revealed that antigen and its mRNA were widely distributed among similar sites of tissue localisation to those described for mammalian and avian species. However, some novel sites of localisation, such as in the gill and notochord, were also found. Some differences in PTHrP localisation were noted among individuals at different intervals of the life cycle, indicating that the distributions of PTHrP, and possibly its roles, change with the stage of development in this species. The widespread tissue distribution in G. australis implies diverse physiological roles for this protein. The presence of PTHrP in the lamprey, a representative of a group of vertebrates, which apparently evolved over 540 million years ago, strongly suggests that it is a protein of ancient origin. In addition, the successful use of antibodies and probes based on the human sequence in the lamprey also provides evidence that the PTHrP molecule may have been conserved from lampreys through to humans.     

不同血液透析方法对终末期肾病患者钙磷代谢的影响

目的：观察不同血液透析方法对终末期肾病患者钙磷代谢的影响。方法：以120例终末期肾病患者为例,比较3种透析方式：血液透析、血液透析滤过、高通量血液透析（各40例）对终末期肾病患者的钙磷代谢及甲状旁腺素的影响。结果：3组透析方法中,HFHD、HDF组治疗前后血钙、磷含量差异有统计学意义,血钙升高,血磷、甲状旁腺素得到较好的清除（P〈0．05）。结论：HFHD、HDF透析使低钙血症改善,血清磷、PTH下降显著。这说明HF,HD、HDF透析对改善钙磷代谢紊乱有积极作用,能有效预防甲旁亢。     

西那卡塞治疗血液透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的临床研究

通过研究两个相同随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验,本研究评估了拟钙剂盐酸西那卡塞治疗血液透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的临床效果.将接受血液透析及进行标准治疗仍控制不佳的继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者随机分配接受西那卡塞(80名患者)或安慰剂(80名患者)治疗26周.每日一次的剂量从30 mg增加到180 mg,以达到患者体内...     

Synthesis and characterization of novel biotinylated carboxyl-terminal parathyroid hormone peptides that specifically crosslink to the CPTH-receptor

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium, phosphorous and skeletal homeostasis via interaction with the G protein-coupled PTH/PTHrP receptor, which is fully activated by the amino-terminal 34 amino-acid portion of the hormone. Recent evidence points to the existence of another class of receptors for PTH that recognize the carboxyl (C)-terminal region of intact PTH (1–84) (CPTHRs) and are highly expressed by osteocytes. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of two novel bifunctional CPTH ligands that include benzoylphenylalanine (Bpa) substitutions near their amino-termini and carboxyl-terminal biotin moieties, as well as a tyrosine³⁴ substitution to enable radioiodination. These peptides are shown to bind to CPTHRs with affinity similar to that of PTH (1–84) and to be specifically and covalently crosslinked to CPTHRs upon exposure to ultraviolet light. Crosslinking to osteocytes or osteoblastic cells generates complexes of 80 and 220 kDa, of which the larger form represents an aggregate that can be resolved into the 80 kDa. The crosslinked products can be further purified using immunoaffinity and avidin-based affinity procedures. While the molecular structure of the CPTHR(s) remains undefined, these bifunctional ligands represent powerful new tools for use in isolating and characterizing CPTHR protein(s).     

Thyroid hormone regulates mRNA expression and currents of ion channels in rat atrium

Atrial fibrillation is one of the common arrhythmias associated with hyperthyroidism. This study examined the effects of thyroid hormone (T3) on mRNA expression and currents of major ionic channels determining the action potential duration (APD) in the rat atrium using the RNase protection assay and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, respectively. T3 increased the Kv1.5 mRNA expression and decreased the L-type calcium channel mRNA expression, while the Kv4.2 mRNA expression did not change. APD was shorter in hyperthyroid than in euthyroid myocytes. The ultrarapid delayed rectifier potassium currents were remarkably increased in hyperthyroid than in euthyroid myocytes, whereas the transient outward potassium currents were unchanged. L-type calcium currents were decreased in hyperthyroid than in euthyroid myocytes. T3 shifted the current-voltage relationship for calcium currents negatively. In conclusion, T3 increased the outward currents and decreased the inward currents. The resultant changes of ionic currents shortened APD, providing a substrate for atrial fibrillation.     

肿瘤坏死因子α对大鼠成骨样细胞增殖与甲状旁腺素受体表达的影响

大鼠成骨样细胞ROS17／2．8经肿瘤坏死因子α处理后,发现其c－myc,c－fos,c－jun等原癌基因mRNA的表达降低,细胞增殖明显受到抑制;同时,其PTH受体的表达以及PTH受体经刺激后引起的胞内cAMP的增加也受到抑制．提示TNFα可抑制大鼠成骨样细胞ROS17／2．8的增殖和分化．     

Platelet factor 4 regulates osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro

Platelet factor 4, which inhibits collagenases derived from both human skin and granulocytic extracts, was found to block reversibly parathyroid hormone-stimulated ⁴⁵Ca release from fetal rat bone in vitro. The inhibitory property was equally effective in both actively resorbing bones and in bones stimulated to initiate resorption.