小鼠EVL 基因的克隆和真核表达载体的构建

目的:构建小鼠EVL(Ena/VASP like)基因的真核表达载体,为深入研究EVL的功能奠定基础.方法:采用PCR方法,从小鼠cDNA文库中,扩增出1245bp的EVL编码区片段,经电泳、胶回收后连接入pMD- 18T载体中,测序鉴定正确.用BamHI和HincⅡ双酶切,定向克隆EVL编码区片段到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中,用限制性内切酶酶切鉴定重组质粒正确后.将重组质粒转染入HELA细胞中,以RT-PCR检测EVL的mRNA的表达,以Western Blot检测EVL蛋白的表达.结果:酶切鉴定结果显示小鼠EVL编码区基因被成功克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中;RT-PCR和Western Blot结果以及免疫荧光染色显示Hela细胞中有EVL的mRNA和蛋白的表达.结论:成功获得pcDNA3.1 -EVL的真核表达载体,为进一步深入研究EVL蛋白的功能奠定了基础.     

人sTNFR1基因的克隆以及在NIH3T3细胞中的稳定表达

以He1a细胞的总RNA为模板,用RT—PCR方法扩增sTNFR1全编码区基因片段,构建含有目的片段的T载体克隆及真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（-）重组质粒亚克隆,将重组质粒和脂质体共同转染NIH3T3细胞系,G418筛选稳定转染细胞株．经核苷酸序列测序和酶切鉴定,成功构建了pcDNA3．1（-）-sTNFR1真核表达质粒,脂质体法建立了高效表达sTNFRI的稳定转染细胞系,并经RT—PCR和Western Blotting鉴定．人sTNFR1基因能在NIH3T3细胞系中稳定表达,为今后的研究打下了基础．     

Rhox5基因真核表达质粒的构建及其在NIH3T3细胞中的稳定表达

目的:构建同源异性框基因Rhox5的真核表达质粒,转染NIH3T3细胞,建立稳定过表达Rhox5的细胞系。方法:PCR方法扩增Rhox5的全长cDNA序列,PCR产物双酶切后和人工合成的HA抗原表位标签共同克隆至pcDNA3.1(-)哺乳动物细胞表达载体中,构建pcDNA-Rhox5-HA融合表达质粒。脂质体法将经过测序成功的pcDNA-Rhox5-HA融合质粒和pcDNA3.1空载体分别转染NIH3T3细胞,潮霉素B筛选后建立阴性对照pcDNA3.1 in NIH3T3和稳定过表达Rhox5的Rhox5-HA in NIH3T3细胞系。RT-PCR和western blotting方法检测Rhox5-HA在稳定转染细胞系中的表达情况。结果:成功构建了pcDNA-Rhox5-Myc重组质粒,获得稳定过表达Rhox5的NIH3T3细胞系。RT-PCR和Western blotting结果表明,构建的稳定细胞系中成功表达Rhox5-HA融合蛋白。结论:Rhox5基因真核表达质粒的构建及其在NIH3T3细胞中的稳定表达为进一步体外研究Rhox5蛋白单独的功能及其与其他分子间功能性相互作用奠定了实验基础。     

小鼠Uncv基因克隆及真核表达

目的 克隆小鼠的Uncv基因并在真核细胞表达.方法 采用RT-PCR方法扩增小鼠皮肤组织中Uncv基因编码区,以真核表达质粒pcDNA 3.1-Flag为载体,构建Uncv真核表达质粒,将重组载体转染Hela细胞并用Western blot法检测基因表达.结果 构建Uncv基因真核表达载体pcDNA 3.1-Flag/Unev,重组质粒在Hela细胞中有效表达约95×103的融合蛋白.结论 成功构建真核表达载体pcDNA 3.1-Flag/Uncv,并且在真核细胞中有效表达,为研究Uncv基因生物学功能奠定基础.     

沙眼衣原体真核表达质粒pcDNA4/CT703的构建及其表达

目的：构建含沙眼衣原体（Chlamydia trachomatis, Ct）基因CT703的真核重组表达质粒pcDNA4/CT703,并检测其在HeLa细胞中的表达.方法：利用RT-PCR扩增CT703基因,然后将其亚克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA4,PCR、双酶切和测序检测重组质粒.将正确的重组质粒瞬时转染HeLa细胞,免疫荧光和Western Blot实验检测重组质粒目的蛋白表达. 结果：经PCR、双酶切和测序鉴定后,成功构建了真核重组表达质粒pcDNA4/CT703,将其转染HeLa细胞后,免疫荧光和Western Blot实验能检测到目的蛋白的表达.结论：成功构建了重组质粒pcDNA4/CT703,并能在HeLa细胞中表达,为进一步研究CT703的功能奠定了基础.     

hAng-1真核表达载体的构建及其在MSCs中的表达

目的:通过基因重组技术,构建人血管生成素-1(human angiopoietin 1,hAng-1)真核表达载体体系,并将其转染至大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞(marrow mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)内进行培养,进而验证hAng-1的表达.方法:将hAng-1编码序列(互补脱氧核糖核酸)通过酶切,插入至pcDNA3.1(+)质粒的多克隆位点,构建质粒pcDNA 3.1 (+)/hAng-1真核表达质粒;重组质粒经脂质体介导转染鼠MSCs.应用逆转录聚合酶联反应(RT-PCR)、蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)等方法检测hAng-1的表达情况.结果:pcDNA 3.1 (+)/hAng-1真核表达质粒转染鼠MSCs后,应用流式细胞仪检测,转染效率约为15％.同时应用RT-PCR能够检测出目的基因mRNA,Western blot能够检出hAng-1的蛋白表达.结论:本实验通过基因重组技术,构建的pcDNA3.1 (+)/hAng-1真核表达载体能够在转染的鼠MSCs中表达,且表达较为持续,为hAng-1基因应用于基因治疗的研究奠定了基础.     

人胃癌细胞系中FHIT基因mRNA的表达及pcDNA3．1-FHIT的构建与转染

目的:检测人胃癌细胞系中FHIT基因mRNA的表达状况及构建pcDNA3.1-FI-IIT真核表达载体.方法:RT-PCR法检测三种不同类型人胃癌细胞系中FHIT基因mRNA的表达,构建真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-FHIT,通过酶切法、PCR扩增法和DNA序列分析鉴定重组质粒后,用脂质体转染至FHIT基因mR.NA阴性表达人胃癌细胞系MKN-45,经G418筛选后RT-PCR鉴定.结果:FHIT基因在人胃癌细胞系BGC-823中呈阳性表达,在MGC-803、MKN-45细胞系中呈阴性表达.FHIT基因cDNA正确克隆到真核细胞表达栽体pcDNA3.1中,并成功转染FHIT基因mRNA阴性表达人胃癌细胞系MKN-45.结论:FHIT基因在不同类型人胃癌细胞系中表达各异.成功构建pcDNA3.1-FHIT,并转染到FHIT基因mRNA阴性表达人胃癌细胞系MKN-45,使其唧T基因阳性表达.     

IFITM1基因真核表达质粒的构建及鉴定

目的:获得IFITM1基因片段并构建真核表达质粒.方法:采用RT-PCR技术扩增IFITM1,将扩增产物连接至pcDNA3.1载体,对重组质粒进行测序验证,结果:构建了真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-IFITM1,通过酶切、测序等方法验证完全正确.结论:成功构建了IFITM1基因的真核表达质粒,为下一步探讨IFITM1基因在子宫颈癌HeLa细胞中的作用提供了实验基础.     

口蹄疫病毒多基因重组质粒在BHK-21细胞中的表达

利用定点突变的原理,获得包含有口蹄疫病毒P1,2A,3C及部分2B编码区的目的基因片段,KpnⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切后,定向克隆于真核表达质粒载体pcDNA3.1（+）,经筛选、鉴定及DNA序列分析后,将重组质粒pcDNA3.1/P12X3C转染BHK-21细胞,通过双抗体夹心ELISA方法和间接免疫荧光标记方法,检测细胞中表达的口蹄疫病毒抗原。结果表明,口蹄疫病毒基因片段正确克隆到真核表达质粒载体上,重组质粒pcDNA3.1/P12X3C可在BHK-21细胞中表达FMDV目的蛋白。     

病毒负性调节因子在内皮细胞稳定表达细胞株的建立

建立HIV-1的调节基因Nef基因在内皮细胞稳定表达的细胞株ECV304-Nef,为研究Nef对血管内皮细胞生物学活性的影响奠定试验基础。构建真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-Nef,将其质粒和pcDNA3.1(+)质粒(阴性对照)分别转染血管内皮细胞ECV304,G418筛选。通过RT-PCR检测NefmRNA在细胞中的表达;细胞免疫荧光法检测Nef蛋白的表达及定位;Western blotting检测Nef蛋白的特异性表达,获得稳定表达的细胞株。构建的重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-Nef经BamHI和EcoRI双酶切鉴定,得到的片段大小与理论值相符,分别为载体的5400bp和目的基因的621bp。测序结果显示碱基序列与GenBank(登录号:K03455)序列相同。转染细胞经G418筛选后获得稳定表达Nef的ECV304细胞株,RT-PCR显示转染pcD-NA3.1(+)-Nef质粒的ECV304细胞出现621bp条带,对照组无目的条带出现;荧光显微镜下观察转染pcDNA3.1(+)-Nef质粒的ECV304细胞表达的Nef蛋白主要定位于细胞质中。Western blotting结果显示,转染pcDNA3.1(+)-Nef质粒的ECV304细胞约27kD处检测到目的条带,表明pcDNA3.1(+)-Nef表达正确。     

Video intensification microscopy (VIM) as an aid in routine fluorescence microscopy

Summary Video intensification microscopy (VIM), in which a highly sensitive television camera is combined with fluorescence microscopy and a timelapse video tape recorder (Willingham and Pastan 1978), is becoming widely used for studying movements of fluorescent probes on living cells. In our experience, the VIM system is also extremely convenient for more conventional fluorescence microscopy of fixed tissues. The advantages of VIM are greatest in applications where convenience in handling and recording images from a large number of specimens is more important than achieving the best possible optical image quality.     

Physiologically defined VIM nucleus. Its special reference to control of tremor.

In the course of stereotactic surgery for some 100 parkinsonian patients, correlative study of recording and stimulation has been done in and around the thalamic nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM) under local anesthesia. The VIM nucleus is roughly identified either by the increase of neural noise level or radiological measurement. More accurately, in the thus identified VIM, sensory neurons related to kinesthetic sense of the contralateral extremity were found in about half of the cases. Electrical stimulation of this point at threshold intensity produced paresthesia on the contralateral area around its receptive field. With increased stimulus intensity, increment of grouping discharge in EMG of that part was pertinent in the majority of cases. A small localized lesion at such a thalamic point was shown to be quite effective for alleviation of tremor without any neurological, especially sensory, deficit.     

ORTH/VIM proteins that regulate DNA methylation are functional ubiquitin E3 ligases

Appropriate methylation of genomes is essential for gene regulation. Here, we describe the six-member ORTHRUS (ORTH) gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana that plays a role in DNA methylation in vivo. ORTH1- ORTH5 are predicted to encode proteins that contain one plant homeodomain (PHD), two really interesting new gene (RING) domains, and one set ring associated (SRA) domain, whereas ORTHlike-1 encodes a protein with only one RING and SRA domain. cDNAs for ORTH1, ORTH2, ORTH5 and ORTHlike-1 were isolated, and when expressed as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, were capable of promoting ubiquitylation in vitro with the E2 AtUBC11. ORTH1 promotes ubiquitylation when paired with additional AtUBC8 family members. ORTH1 proteins with substitutions in metal-ligand binding residues in each ORTH1 RING domain individually, and ORTH1 truncation derivatives lacking one or both RING domains, were tested for their ability to catalyze ubiquitylation in vitro. In these assays, either ORTH1 RING domain is capable of promoting ubiquitylation. The PHD alone is not active as an E3 ligase, nor is it required for ligase activity. GFP-ORTH1 and GFP-ORTH2 are nuclear-localized in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Overexpression of ORTH1 or ORTH2 in Arabidopsis leads to an altered flowering time. Inspection of DNA methylation at FWA and Cen180 repeats revealed hypomethylation when ORTH proteins were overexpressed. Once initiated, a late-flowering phenotype persisted in the absence of the ORTH transgene, consistent with epigenetic effects at FWA. We conclude that ORTH proteins are E3 ligases mediating DNA methylation status in vivo.     

The visualization of fluorescent proteins in living cells by video intensification microscopy (VIM).

A highly sensitive television camera (silicon intensifier target) has been combined with fluorescence microscopy to examine living cultured cells. This system is termed Video Intensification Microscopy (VIM). By using very small amounts of excitation light, one limits the damage to living cells from excessive illumination and is able to visualize fluorescence probes for periods up to 24 hr without bleaching. With VIM, the cellular uptake and fate of two rhodamine-labeled proteins, concanavalin A and alpha2 macroglobulin, have been followed for up to 24 hr. These proteins were first located in endocytic vesicles with a low phase density. Later, at 24 hr, alpha2 macroglobulin was located in phase-dense structures, probably secondary lysosomes. Both the fluorescent endocytic vesicles and lysosomes were observed to undergo saltatory motion. VIM combined with fluorescence promises to have a widespread application in the study of the behavior of living cells.     

Regional localisations of VIM, HSD3b, ACTA1 and PGM1 in pigs

The comparative map between human and pig has progressed rapidly over the past 2 years. Nevertheless, some points still need to be clarified, particularly the correspondences between human chromosome 10 (HSA10) and porcine chromosome 10 (SSC10) and between human chromosome 1 (HSA1) and porcine chromosomes. The gene codings for vimentin (VIM) carried by HSA10 and three genes carried by HSA1 (hydroxy delta 5 steroid dehydrogenase 3 beta: HSD3B; alpha actin 1: ACTA1; and phosphoglucomutase 1: PGM1) were selected and the regional localisations on pig chromosomes were determined using a well-characterised somatic cell hybrid panel.     

Combined (thalamotomy and stimulation) stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease

Stereotactic thalamotomy of the thalamic nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM) is routinely used for movement disorders. During this procedure, it has been observed that high-frequency (100 Hz) stimulation of VIM was able to stop the extrapyramidal tremor. In patients with bilateral tremor of extrapyramidal origin, who were resistant to drug therapy, the therapeutic protocol associated (1) a radiofrequency VIM thalamotomy for the most disabled side, and (2) a continuous VIM stimulation for the other side using stereotactically implanted electrodes, connected to subcutaneous stimulators. VIM thalamotomy relieved the tremor in all operated cases. Side effects were mild and regressive. VIM stimulation strongly decreased the tremor but failed to suppress it as completely as thalamotomy did. This was due in part to the fact that programmable stimulator frequency rate is limited to 130 Hz, while it appeared that the optimal stimulation frequency was 200 Hz. This therapeutic protocol appears to be of interest for patients with bilateral extrapyramidal movement disorders.