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结核病是世界范围内的重要传染性疾病之一,严重威胁人类健康。免疫细胞在抗结核免疫过程中起重要作用,各细胞亚群通过不同作用机制影响结核病的病程及转归。中性粒细胞为机体应对结核分枝杆菌感染的第一道防线,在宿主免疫应答过程中是一把双刃剑。一方面,机体感染结核分枝杆菌后,中性粒细胞于第一时间向感染部位聚集,通过多种方式对抗感染:中性粒细胞吞噬结核分枝杆菌后,通过自身凋亡而杀菌;参与形成肉芽肿,形成胞外陷阱来限制结核分枝杆菌的生长和传播;产生功能性细胞因子,调控宿主的抗结核免疫反应。另一方面,中性粒细胞还参与机体的病理损伤过程,甚至促进体内结核分枝杆菌的生长。本文综述了中性粒细胞在抗结核免疫中作用的最新研究进展。 相似文献
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结核病对免疫学家构成了巨大的挑战,因为它是一种慢性传染性疾病,病原体具有持久性特点.在对人和动物进行实验时,检测到结核分枝杆菌适应性免疫应答的特点之一为感染早期T细胞免疫应答延迟.新近研究揭示了此种延迟应答的机制:通过结核杆菌抑制免疫细胞(CD4+和CD8+T细胞及DC)凋亡延迟应答,通过特异性Treg细胞抑制作用延迟应答.结核杆菌慢性感染期间存在IFNγ信号调节网络和ESAT-6抗原的慢性刺激作用,抗原特异性PD-1+ CD4+T细胞具有高度增殖分化为更多终末效应性T细胞的潜能,以此可调节和维持免疫应答.深入了解抗原特异性T细胞调节与维持适应性免疫应答的机制,有益于抗结核疫苗的设计和研制. 相似文献
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结核分枝杆菌是引起结核病的病原体,该细菌可侵犯全身各组织器官。结核病是一种慢性传染性疾病,具有持久性特点。该细菌为胞内寄生菌,特异性免疫以细胞免疫为主,主要包括CD4+T细胞免疫和CD8+T细胞免疫。结核分枝杆菌特异性免疫应答的特点之一是感染早期T细胞免疫应答延迟。其机制与结核杆菌抑制免疫细胞(CD4+和CD8+T细胞及DC)凋亡延迟应答,通过特异性Treg细胞抑制作用延迟应答以及结核杆菌慢性感染期间存在IFN-γ信号调节网络和ESAT-6抗原的慢性刺激作用有关,以此可调节和维持免疫应答。深入了解抗原特异性T细胞特异性免疫应答的机制,有益于抗结核疫苗的研制,为临床工作提供理论依据和科学方法。 相似文献
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结核分枝杆菌是引起结核病的病原体,该细菌可侵犯全身各组织器官。结核病是一种慢性传染性疾病,具有持久性特点。该细菌为胞内寄生菌,特异性免疫以细胞免疫为主,主要包括CD4+T细胞免疫和CD8+T细胞免疫。结核分枝杆菌特异性免疫应答的特点之一是感染早期T细胞免疫应答延迟。其机制与结核杆菌抑制免疫细胞(CD4+和CD8+T细胞及DC)凋亡延迟应答,通过特异性Treg细胞抑制作用延迟应答以及结核杆菌慢性感染期间存在IFN-γ信号调节网络和ESAT-6抗原的慢性刺激作用有关,以此可调节和维持免疫应答。深入了解抗原特异性T细胞特异性免疫应答的机制,有益于抗结核疫苗的研制,为临床工作提供理论依据和科学方法。 相似文献
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由结核分枝杆菌引起的结核病多年来依然是世界范围内严重的公共卫生问题。结核杆菌的致病特点是可在体内巨噬细胞中长期存活,形成潜伏感染。本文就结核杆菌感染过程中机体的免疫应答过程,尤其是潜伏感染形成机制等方面进行了综述,以期为结核病新型疫苗的研发提供参考。 相似文献
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《现代生物医学进展》2015,(1):201
<正>日本九州大学的一个研究小组近日在美国《免疫》杂志网络版上报告说,他们发现人体免疫细胞中的一种蛋白质,能有助于免疫细胞清除结核杆菌。这一发现有望促进结核病治疗药物研发。这种蛋白质名为Dectin-2,位于人体免疫细胞内,具有与糖结合的特性。九州大学生物调控医学研究所教授山崎晶领导的研究小组发现,Dectin-2能识别结核杆菌中最具特征的一种糖脂--脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖,并由此激活免疫细胞,进而清除受感染细胞内的结核杆菌。研究小组发现实验鼠的免疫细胞如果不含Dectin-2蛋白质,就不会对结核杆菌产生反应。山崎晶表示,这种蛋白质本来就存在于人体内,如 相似文献
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结核分枝杆菌是一种胞内感染菌,巨噬细胞是其寄生场所。结核分枝杆菌通过阻止吞噬溶酶体的融合、减少巨噬细胞凋亡、降低巨噬细胞对刺激应答的敏感性等途径逃避巨噬细胞的免疫监视和攻击,并在细胞内存活、增殖;而巨噬细胞又是抗菌免疫的主要效应细胞,通过直接杀伤和分泌多种细胞因子,对结核分枝杆菌具有免疫调节、呈递抗原等作用。深入研究结核分枝杆菌对巨噬细胞的免疫逃逸机制及巨噬细胞抗结核免疫作用,对研究宿主抗结核免疫机制及设计新型结核病疫苗有重要意义。 相似文献
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刘胜 《微生物学免疫学进展》2011,39(1):57-61
幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染引起机体强的胃粘膜免疫应答,机体却无法对其进行完全根除,表明幽门螺杆菌具有逃避或破坏宿主免疫应答的特性。影响H.pylori逃避或破坏宿主免疫应答的因素或途径有很多,如肽聚糖的结构性修饰、H.pylori形态的改变、脂多糖抗原表位变化、IV型分泌系统、VacA和Treg细胞的免疫抑制作用、通过抑制吞噬细胞的吞噬作用和引起吞噬细胞的凋亡等等,本文就此作一综述,为以后对H.pylori的防御和治疗提供新的线索。 相似文献
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Two billion people worldwide are estimated to be latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and are at risk for developing active tuberculosis since Mtb can reactivate to cause TB disease in immune-compromised hosts. Individuals with latent Mtb infection (LTBI) and BCG-vaccinated individuals who are uninfected with Mtb, harbor antigen-specific memory CD4(+) T cells. However, the differences between long-lived memory CD4(+) T cells induced by latent Mtb infection (LTBI) versus BCG vaccination are unclear. In this study, we characterized the immune phenotype and functionality of antigen-specific memory CD4(+) T cells in healthy BCG-vaccinated individuals who were either infected (LTBI) or uninfected (BCG) with Mtb. Individuals were classified into LTBI and BCG groups based on IFN-γ ELISPOT using cell wall antigens and ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptides. We show that LTBI individuals harbored high frequencies of late-stage differentiated (CD45RA(-)CD27(-)) antigen-specific effector memory CD4(+) T cells that expressed PD-1. In contrast, BCG individuals had primarily early-stage (CD45RA(-)CD27(+)) cells with low PD-1 expression. CD27(+) and CD27(-) as well as PD-1(+) and PD-1(-) antigen-specific subsets were polyfunctional, suggesting that loss of CD27 expression and up-regulation of PD-1 did not compromise their capacity to produce IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2. PD-1 was preferentially expressed on CD27(-) antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, indicating that PD-1 is associated with the stage of differentiation. Using statistical models, we determined that CD27 and PD-1 predicted LTBI versus BCG status in healthy individuals and distinguished LTBI individuals from those who had clinically resolved Mtb infection after anti-tuberculosis treatment. This study shows that CD4(+) memory responses induced by latent Mtb infection, BCG vaccination and clinically resolved Mtb infection are immunologically distinct. Our data suggest that differentiation into CD27(-)PD-1(+) subsets in LTBI is driven by Mtb antigenic stimulation in vivo and that CD27 and PD-1 have the potential to improve our ability to evaluate true LTBI status. 相似文献
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Dutta NK Mehra S Martinez AN Alvarez X Renner NA Morici LA Pahar B Maclean AG Lackner AA Kaushal D 《PloS one》2012,7(1):e28958
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis stress response factor SigH plays a crucial role in modulating the pathogen's response to heat, oxidative-stress, envelope damage and hypoxia. We hypothesized that the lack of this key stress response factor would alter the interaction between the pathogen and its host cells. We compared the interaction of Mtb, Mtb:Δ-sigH and a strain where the mutation had been genetically complemented (Mtb: Δ-sigH:CO) with primary rhesus macaque bone marrow derived macrophages (Rh-BMDMs). The expression of numerous inducible and homeostatic (CCL) β-chemokines and several apoptotic markers was induced to higher levels in the cells infected with Mtb:Δ-sigH, relative to Mtb or the complemented strain. The differential expression of these genes manifested into functional differences in chemotaxis and apoptosis in cells infected with these two strains. The mutant strain also exhibited reduced late-stage survival in Rh-BMDMs. We hypothesize that the product of one or more SigH-dependent genes may modulate the innate interaction of Mtb with host cells, effectively reducing the chemokine-mediated recruitment of immune effector cells, apoptosis of infected monocytes and enhancing the long-term survival and replication of the pathogen in this milieu The significantly higher induction of Prostaglandin Synthetase 2 (PTGS2 or COX2) in Rh-BMDMs infected with Mtb relative to Mtb: Δ-sigH may explain reduced apoptosis in Mtb-infected cells, as PTGS2 is known to inhibit p53-dependent apoptosis.The SigH-regulon modulates the innate interaction of Mtb with host phagocytes, perhaps as part of a strategy to limit its clearance and prolong its survival. The SigH regulon appears to be required to modulate innate immune responses directed against Mtb. 相似文献
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CD4 T cell deficiency or defective IFNγ signaling render humans and mice highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. The prevailing model is that Th1 CD4 T cells produce IFNγ to activate bactericidal effector mechanisms of infected macrophages. Here we test this model by directly interrogating the effector functions of Th1 CD4 T cells required to control Mtb in vivo. While Th1 CD4 T cells specific for the Mtb antigen ESAT-6 restrict in vivo Mtb growth, this inhibition is independent of IFNγ or TNF and does not require the perforin or FAS effector pathways. Adoptive transfer of Th17 CD4 T cells specific for ESAT-6 partially inhibited Mtb growth while Th2 CD4 T cells were largely ineffective. These results imply a previously unrecognized IFNγ/TNF independent pathway that efficiently controls Mtb and suggest that optimization of this alternative effector function may provide new therapeutic avenues to combat Mtb through vaccination. 相似文献
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M. E. Dyakova O. T. Titarenko D. S. Esmedlyaeva A. V. Yelkin N. P. Alexeyeva T. L. Perova 《Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplemental Series B: Biomedical Chemistry》2008,2(1):111-114
Functional activity of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) phagocytes was studied in 33 and 16 patients with fibro-cavernous and infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (FCPT and IPT, respectively). Complex examination of BALF, alveolar macrophages and neutrophils sedimented from BALF has shown interrelationship between functional activity of the cells and the form of pulmonary tuberculosis. Higher neopterin content and activity of elastase mainly secreted into BALF by activated alveolar macrophages and neutrophils, respectively, reflect higher secretory activity of both types of cells in FCPT. In FCPT this is combined with higher bactericidal activity of neutrophils, which significantly correlates with their adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity. Comparison of changes of the biochemical parameters studied in BALF (neopterin, elastase, ADA and its isoenzymes, 2-deoxy-ADA) and bactericidal activity of the sedimented cells obviously reflects different sides of BALF phagocytes functioning. Taking into consideration modern concepts on the mechanisms of regulation of phagocyte cells one may suggest the existence of differences in intercellular interactions in various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. 相似文献
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Henrik Andersson Blanka Andersson Daniel Eklund Eyler Ngoh Alexander Persson Kristoffer Svensson Maria Lerm Robert Blomgran Olle Stendahl 《PloS one》2014,9(7)
Macrophages in the lung are the primary cells being infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during the initial manifestation of tuberculosis. Since the adaptive immune response to Mtb is delayed, innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils mount the early immune protection against this intracellular pathogen. Neutrophils are short-lived cells and removal of apoptotic cells by resident macrophages is a key event in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Since anti-inflammatory activity is not compatible with effective immunity to intracellular pathogens, we therefore investigated how uptake of apoptotic neutrophils modulates the function of Mtb-activated human macrophages. We show that Mtb infection exerts a potent proinflammatory activation of human macrophages with enhanced gene activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines and that this response was augmented by apoptotic neutrophils. The enhanced macrophage response is linked to apoptotic neutrophil-driven activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β signalling. We also demonstrate that apoptotic neutrophils not only modulate the inflammatory response, but also enhance the capacity of infected macrophages to control intracellular growth of virulent Mtb. Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for apoptotic neutrophils in the modulation of the macrophage-dependent inflammatory response contributing to the early control of Mtb infection. 相似文献