东半区野豌豆属植物过氧化物酶同工酶研究

采用过氧化物酶同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图谱作为遗传标记,结合形态学,细胞学及野外居群调查等工作,对东北地区野豌豆属植物进行深入研究,结果表明分子资料基本上同形态学、细胞学以得比较一致的结果,对一些在分类上有争议的类群提出了处理意见,并推测了该属内一些多倍体的起源方式。     

锦鸡儿属植物种质资源遗传多样性研究进展

锦鸡儿属种质资源是非常重要的生态经济兼用型灌木。我国的野生锦鸡儿属资源分布广泛,基因资源丰富,但有关锦鸡儿属遗传多样性的研究报导相对较少。为了更好地开发利用这一优良的野生资源,从地理分布、形态学、细胞学和分子水平对锦鸡儿属种质资源多样性的研究进行了综述,并对今后我国的锦鸡儿属研究工作提出了建议。     

含笑属植物研究进展

含笑属植物约有80种,分布于亚洲热带及亚热带,是木兰科中第二大属,为常绿乔木或灌木,也是重要的资源植物。该文主要对国内外学者在分类学、形态学、孢粉学、细胞学、植物化学、分子系统学、应用前景等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

菖蒲属系统学研究的进展与菖蒲科的重新确立

本文介绍了菖蒲属系统地位的变化情况 ,综述了菖蒲属 (AcorusL .)从天南星科 (AraceaeJussieu )中分离出来独立成科的形态学、解剖学、胚胎学、细胞学、植物化学、分子生物学等多方面的证据 ,并对菖蒲科 (AcoraceaeC .A .Agardh)系统关系的研究进展进行了总结     

珍珠菜属植物的花粉形态及其系统进化学意义

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对20 种珍珠菜属植物的花粉形态结构进行了详细研究。根据花粉的大小、形状、表面纹饰和外壁构造等特征可划分为四大类型,即细梗香草型、白花过路黄型、过路黄型和黑腺珍珠菜型。对它们可能的进化水平进行了分析,并结合形态学、细胞学等资料进一步探讨了珍珠菜属各亚属间的系统演化关系。     

龟鳖目淡水龟科系统发生关系的研究进展

淡水龟科是龟鳖目中物种数目最多、形态变异最多样的一个类群。其早期的系统学研究主要依据形态学和细胞学的特征,近年来,随着分子数据的不断增多,结合形态学等方法,淡水龟科系统发生学研究取得了诸多进展,但至今尚未有一致的结论。本文主要对近年来有关淡水龟科起源的单系性问题;潮龟属、闭壳龟属和拟水龟属重划分问题;潮龟属、草龟属和小棱背龟属属间关系问题;齿缘龟属、果龟属和东方龟属属间关系问题;齿缘龟属和木纹龟属属内种间关系问题研究进行了文献综述,以期为淡水龟科的系统发生关系和物种保护等研究提供参考。     

披碱草属与大麦属系统关系的研究

禾本科中,披碱草属Elymus L.为多倍体属,约含150余种;大麦属Hordeum L.具二倍体和多倍体,约有40余种,该两属均广泛地分布于全球温带地区。该两属,尤其是披碱草属的系统分类较为困难。基于形态学的传统研究认为这两个属的系统关系较远,而细胞学研究的资料却表明,披碱草属的H染色体组起源于大麦属。笔者对来源不同的披碱草属和大麦属的物种进行了远缘杂交,并对其属间杂种F1的减数分裂中期I染色体配对行为进行了分析。结果表明,若以披碱草属作母本,该两属有相对较高的杂交亲合力,通过对杂种幼胚进行分割和离体培养,也能获得杂种F1植株。属间杂种植株的形态介于双亲之间,但更接近于披碱草属,杂种的生殖器官发育不健全,而且所有的杂种F1均完全不育。细胞学的观察结果表明,这两个属间的杂种F1通常具有较低的减数分裂中期I染色体配对数,但有较大的变异。通过笔者的工作及掌握的形态学和细胞学的资料分析认为：披碱草属和大麦属的亲缘关系较为复杂,不能一概而论。含H染色体组的披碱草属和大麦属物种有着较近的亲缘关系,但这两个属中所含的H染色体组已产生了程度不同的分化;不含H染色体组的披碱草属及大麦属的物种具有较远的亲缘关系。     

中国木兰科11属40种植物的核形态研究

为了探讨木兰科属间系统学关系和一些种的分类学地位,对中国木兰科11属40种进行了核形态研究。所研究的20种木莲属植物都为二倍体,表明木莲属植物主要是在二倍体水平上进化的,不同的种类具有各自的遗传组成,细微的染色体结构变异可能导致种间形态发生了明显的变化。木兰属的染色体数目具多样性,表明属内存在着不同倍性水平上的进化,说明木兰属分布广泛、形态复杂多样有其细胞学基础。细胞学证据支持木莲属应为独立的属,不宜于归并到木兰属。已观察的含笑属都为二倍体,而木兰属玉兰亚属的大多数种类为多倍体。我们认为维持现有的含笑属的分类地位和范围是恰当的,不支持将含笑属和玉兰亚属合并为一属。拟单性木兰属都是多倍体。木兰科植物形态特征重叠,性状呈网状进化,细胞学证据在探讨一些大属属下种的分类地位时具有一定价值,但论及整个科的分类系统和属间亲缘关系时,作用比较微弱。本文在细胞学基础上,结合形态和地理分布,重点对木莲属一些种类的分类地位进行了讨论。     

花灌木种质资源及其遗传多样性研究

综述了国内外关于花灌木种质资源在形态学、细胞学、酶、DNA等水平的多样性研究,探讨了目前花灌木种质资源遗传多样性研究中存在的一些问题和建议。     

青花菜与萝卜属间杂种的表型和分子鉴定

应用形态学、细胞学和分子标记的方法对通过胚挽救获得的青花菜与萝卜属间杂种植株进行了鉴定。结果表明:杂种植株的生长势明显强于父本和母本,大部分形态性状超出了父、母本的范围,部分性状介于父母本之间或偏向于父本或母本一方。表型和细胞学观察显示杂种植株具有类似母本的雄性不育特性。SSR分子标记分析表明,杂种植株包含了双亲的遗传信息。可见,远缘杂种是双亲间的真杂种。远缘杂交种的获得与初步鉴定为促进萝卜属和芸薹属的基因交流提供了桥梁种质,为进一步创制萝卜或芸薹属作物新种质提供了基础材料。     

Cytology of melanotic schwannoma in a fine needle aspirate and pleural fluid. A case report

BACKGROUND: Melanotic schwannoma (MS) is a rare pigmented neural tumor most commonly occurring in the paraspinal region and involving spinal nerve roots and sympathetic ganglia. Few case reports describe the fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of MS. We report an additional case and for the first time describe the cytologic findings of MS in pleural fluid. CASE: A 44-year-old man presented with a 9.0-cm paraspinal mass associated with multiple lung nodules. FNA cytology of the paraspinal mass showed solitary and syncytially arranged spindled cells, with prominent nucleoli and variable amounts of cytoplasmic brown pigment. In pleural fluid, prominent isolated single cells were rounded and had a signet ring cell morphology. Tumor cells in both the aspirate and pleural fluid expressed S-100 protein and HMB-45. CONCLUSION: The FNA cytology findings of MS correlate well with the histologic findings. In pleural fluid, however, the cells are epithelioid, and some have a signet ring morphology, mimicking adenocarcinoma.     

Characterization of transgenic root cultures of Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense and Lotus corniculatus and transgenic plants of Lotus corniculatus

Hairy root cultures of three species of legume, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens and T. pratense were established using a wild-type strain (C58C1 with pRi 15834) of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed that the lines were genetically transformed. Copy numbers of TL-DNA in different lines varied from one to eight. Examination of the transformed root cultures revealed changes in anatomy, morphology and cytology. Plants that had regenerated from hairy roots of L. corniculatus showed changes in morphology, physiology and cytology but no change in several parameters of nitrogen fixation activity.     

Can cytology reliably subtype non-small cell lung carcinomas?

Cytology specimens play an important role in the diagnosis and predictive testing of lung cancer. While morphological characterisation of small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) on cytology is possible, further subtyping of NSCLC into adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma morphology is also mandatory in the current era of personalised medicine. Notably, cytology specimens in different forms (fine needle aspiration, exfoliative, and cell block) with or without immunocytochemistry are reliable sources for accurate diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma as evidenced by numerous studies present in the literature. However, there are instances where subtyping of NSCLC based on morphology alone is challenging on cytology samples, especially non-cell block preparations. In this paper, we will discuss current concepts, advances, and challenges of subtyping NSCLC in cytology specimens.     

The potential value of immunoperoxidase techniques in diagnostic cytology

A slightly modified immunoperoxidase method was developed in our laboratory and applied to a variety of aspiration and exfoliative cytologic material. Our aims were: (1) to explore the applicability of the immunoperoxidase procedure to diagnostic cytology, (2) to attempt to define the histogenesis of neoplastic cells when morphology alone proved insufficient, and (3) to investigate the possibility of differentiating reactive from neoplastic lymphoreticular disorders by studying their immunoglobulin patterns. Our findings indicate that the immunoperoxidase technique is applicable to cytologic material. The simplicity of the procedure, combined with its high sensitivity and excellent morphology, merits wider application of this technique to routine diagnostic cytology.     

Expression of cytokeratin 20 in urine cytology smears: a potential marker for the detection of urothelial carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Urine cytomorphology is one of the oldest methods for screening and monitoring patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Sensitivity of urine cytology is relatively low. Ancillary techniques on urine sample may increase the sensitivity. AIM: To explore the utility of cytokeratin 20 (CK20) immunostaining in identifying malignant cells in urine cytology smears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen cases each of confirmed TCC and benign urinary cytology along with five cases of atypical cells in urine were immunostained with a monoclonal CK20 antibody. Of 14 cases of TCC, 12 showed strong positive staining with the antibody. All benign cases were negative except for a few cases in which the umbrella cells were weakly to moderately positive. In all five cases of atypical urine cytology the atypical cells stained positive with the antibody. These cases were later confirmed as TCC on histopathology of bladder wall biopsy. CONCLUSION: CK20 is an important biomarker that can be used to identify TCC in urine cytology smears. It is particularly useful in those cases where malignancy cannot be confirmed by morphology alone.     

Molecules and Morphology: Conflicts and Congruence within the Fern GenusTrichomanes(Hymenophyllaceae)

The interaction between three independent data sets (anatomy/morphology, cytology, molecules) has been evaluated within the controversial genusTrichomanes(Hymenophyllaceae). Anatomy/morphology, cytology, andrbcL sequences, despite their high and significant level of incongruence, were thus empirically combined with differential weighting in a cladistic analysis withinTrichomanesin order to give an appreciation of the contribution of each data set in the resulting topologies and to study more precisely the nature of potential conflicts. Results show that any standard statistics values (such as bootstrap) do not appear to be objectively useful for the choice of the “best” topology or the “good” clades provided by the combination. This weighting approach reveals three cases: (i) some clades (such as subgenusDidymoglossum) are always retrieved and correspond to the absence of conflicts between the different data, (ii) some new clades (such as subgenusAchomanes) are either provided or reenforced as a “synergetic” result of the combination of the data and (iii) that remaining conflicting clades reflect the persistence of incongruence between data whatever the weighting.     

Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland: report of a rare case with a comparative study of aspiration cytology and histomorphology

BACKGROUND: Salivary duct carcinomas affecting primarily the parotid gland are extremely rare (0.2-2% of all salivary gland tumors). These carcinomas are considered to be of high grade malignancy, with mortality in up to 70% of cases. They usually affect elderly males and less often young adults. Despite the fact that the histomorphologic characteristics of this tumor are always necessary for its classification, several authors have reported that the cytopathologic approach, using fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, can establish the final diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to present a rare case of salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland with no typical microscopic findings that was diagnosed by FNA cytology through a combination of techniques on biopsy material. CASE: A 56-year-old male presented with a right parotid mass measuring 6 cm in diameter. The mass appeared to expand subcutaneously and infiltrate the skin of the neck region. Biopsy material from both the mass and skin was obtained using FNA and processed with conventional, cell block and liquid-based cytology techniques. A core biopsy was also performed on the mass for histologic evaluation. CONCLUSION: The findings were consistent with a salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland and were confirmed by the histologic report. FNA cytology combined with such techniques as liquid-based cytology provides the potential for the final diagnosis. Liquid-based cytology can improve the cellular morphology of the material and allows immunocytochemistry and other diagnostic techniques. The application of such techniques is significantly restricted by conventional processing; thus, combining liquid-based cytology with other techniques expands the boundaries of cytology as a diagnostic test.     

宫颈癌患者液基细胞学与组织学诊断的比较分析 仇

目的:通过对液基细胞学检测(TCT)与组织学活检的比较分析,探讨TCT出现漏诊的原因。方法:收集83例宫颈癌患者的宫颈活检组织蜡块和宫颈脱落细胞标本,组织蜡块行常规病理切片检查,脱落细胞标本进行TCT检测。结果:和组织病理学诊断结果比较,这些患者的TCT诊断漏诊18例。进行过抗HPV治疗的宫颈癌患者,其TCT漏诊率明显高于未治疗者(P<0.05)。结论:TCT在宫颈癌筛查中存在一定的漏诊,其产生的原因与癌细胞分化程度、宫颈糜烂程度、非诊断细胞的干扰、不当的采集方法及抗HPV治疗有关。     

The integumentary tapetum

The Botanical Review - Commonly found in sympetalous plants with unitegmic and tenuinucellate ovules, the integumentary tapetum exhibits great diversity in its distribution, morphology, cytology,...