首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
普氏原羚(Procapra przewalskii)是青藏高原特有物种,为了掌握该物种的分布和种群状况,我们于2014–2015年采用全面调查和直接计数的方法,对普氏原羚的分布、种群和保护现状进行了调查。结果如下:普氏原羚分布在青海湖周边12个隔离的分布点,与全国第一次野生动物资源调查的结果相比,有多个新的分布点被发现,分布范围和面积扩大;调查共发现1,238只普氏原羚,与2010年以后的调查结果相比,种群数量维持在一个稳定的水平。然而,仅有4个分布点位于青海湖国家级自然保护区范围内。尽管刚察县成立了青海湖普氏原羚特护区,天峻县成立了普氏原羚自然保护站,但现有的管护力度仍然不够,且缺乏系统的管理规划。我们建议在天峻县布哈河上游的生格–快尔玛地区成立普氏原羚自然保护区;同时建立适当的生态补偿机制,协调保护与社区发展的矛盾;鉴于目前圈养种群发展迅速,建议在历史分布区选取合适的地点进行人工繁育个体的迁地放归。  相似文献   

2.
普氏原羚研究概述   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
普氏原羚(Procapra przewalskii)是我国特有的珍稀动物。在20世纪90年代以前,人们对普氏原羚的系统地位、生态行为和濒危现状了解有限。从20世纪90年代中期开始,中国研究人员对普氏原羚开展了系统的研究。除了普氏原羚的生态学、行为学、种群和栖息地现状以外,研究者还研究普氏原羚种群间的基因流,澄清了原羚属的分类地位,发现青海湖地区是目前普氏原羚的惟一分布区。有关普氏原羚的研究发现不仅有助于认识普氏原羚及中国羚羊的系统演化与科学地位,而且为实施对普氏原羚的有效保护提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
普氏原羚种群大小及影响因素的初步研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
魏万经  蒋志刚 《兽类学报》1998,18(3):232-234
普氏原羚(P,ocar,a卯。ewal枕扣)为国家一级保护动物。其历史分布区为内蒙、甘肃和青海,而现只分布于青海省的青海湖周围;其种群数量由1986年的350只(蔡桂全等.1992.高原生物学集刊,11:63~90)降为1994年的300/q左右(蒋志刚等.1995.兽类学报,15(4):241~245),已成为世界上最濒危的有蹄类动物之一。因此对其种群动态、行为的胁迫适应及g!起种群数量下降原因的研究迫在眉睫。在对青海湖周围普氏原羚的种群数量进行调查的基础上,分析了繁殖后期普氏原羚的种群结构,提出引起种群数量下降的主要原因。1.研究地点和方…  相似文献   

4.
青海湖地区普氏原羚的种群结构   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
普氏原羚是中国的特有动物。 1986年在青海湖地区仅发现 35 0只普氏原羚 ,分布于鸟岛、湖东 克图和元者 3个种群之中。 1996~ 1998年 7月至 8月 ,我们沿设定的 10条样线对青海湖地区的普氏原羚进行了考察。调查样线总长度为 37 5 5km。观察记录距样线两侧 10 0m以内普氏原羚足迹链和狼足迹链、粪堆和尿迹。同时记录观察样线两侧 6 0 0m以内的普氏原羚个体 ,记录群体大小、性别和年龄 ,然后 ,计算单位样带面积上普氏原羚和狼的密度。 1997年湖东 克图种群雄羚占 2 9%、雌羚占 5 0 %和幼羚占 2 1% ;元者种群雄羚占 2 9%、雌羚占 43%和幼羚占 2 7%。狼捕食是 1997年湖东 克图种群数量下降的主要原因。在湖东 克图沙漠中 ,1996年普氏原羚群体大小为 9 0± 6 9只 (平均数±方差 ) ,密度为 3 19± 3 5 9只 /km2 ,而 1997年为 4 2± 3 9只 /km2 ,密度为 1 14± 1 0 9只 /km2 。 1997年冬季猎狼后 ,湖东 克图种群数量回升到 2 14± 3 13只 /km2 ,幼羚占群体的2 7%。  相似文献   

5.
普氏野马是世界性的的濒危物种。对普氏野马的形态学特征、分布、种群数量、食性、栖息地、繁殖及疾病作了简要的概述。简要介绍了普氏野马的再引入现状和现存的潜在威胁,旨在引起大众对普氏野马的关注。  相似文献   

6.
普氏原羚生境选择的数量化分析   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20  
1998年8月至1999年8月,在湖东种羊场地区开展了普氏原羚生境选择的研究。在湖东-克图沙丘和草原交界处沿约30km的样线开展种群调查,在调查过程中,共发现582只普氏原羚,在研究中选择了8类与普氏原羚生境选择相关的生态因子:植被类型,食物丰富度、草原围栏,隐蔽条件。人为干扰、距公路距离,距沙丘距离和距农业用地距离,研究了普氏原羚的生境选择,在研究中,将这些生态因子分别分成3个等级,进行回归分析,建立普氏原羚在不同生境中出现的概率的预测性方程,通过对生态因子和普氏原羚在不同生境中出现的概率进行方差分析,判断影响普氏原羚生境选择的主要生态因子是人为干扰和围栏,其次为食物丰富度,距沙丘距离和农业用地距离,植被类型,隐蔽条件和与公路距离对普氏原羚生境选择的影响不明显。  相似文献   

7.
从青海湖国家级自然保护区管理局获悉 ,世界上第 1只人工饲养的普氏原羚“玲玲”,8月 6日成功产下第 1胎幼仔 ,经过近 1个月的精心呵护 ,取名为“陶陶”的幼仔生长发育良好。普氏原羚是中国的特有物种、世界极度濒危级动物 ,目前仅生存在青海湖环湖地区 ,数量不足 2 0 0只。国家林业局野生动物研究与发展中心李迪强博士说 :“普氏原羚的人工饲养和繁育非常不易 ,如果能通过人工繁育的方式建立人工种群 ,对这个物种的保护将很有意义。”普氏原羚人工繁育取得成功  相似文献   

8.
普氏原羚的活动规律与生境选择   总被引:22,自引:3,他引:19  
普氏原羚生活在沙漠与干旱草原生态交错区(Ecotone)。青海湖畔沙漠中植被盖度较高,沙地沙蒿群落中普氏原羚活动较多,而沙地柏群落中普氏原羚活动较少。普氏原羚在沙地和距离沙地2~3km以内的地域内活动,利用起伏沙丘作为隐蔽生境。草原中的芨芨草群落、冷蒿—紫花针茅群落是普氏原羚的主要取食场所。普氏原羚具晨昏型活动规律,在傍晚和清晨取食,其活动避开牛羊的取食时间。普氏原羚常常聚群活动,它们在繁殖期、育幼期和交配期形成大小不同的群体。群体的类型包括同性群、混合群和单一个体群。非繁殖季节普氏原羚雌雄分群活动。目前在人为活动影响下,普氏原羚很难进行季节性迁移。  相似文献   

9.
曾岩  李春旺 《生物多样性》2004,12(6):645-645
普氏原羚(Gazelle przewalskii)是我国特有物种,目前其分布地仅局限于青海省青海湖环湖部分区域,种群数量仅300多只,是日前世界上最濒危的有蹄类动物。1988年,普氏原羚被列为国家一级保护动物,1996年被世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)评定为极危(CR)级动物。  相似文献   

10.
青海湖东-克图地区普氏原羚生境适宜性评价   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
普氏原羚(Procapraprzewalskii)是我国特有珍稀濒危动物,历史上曾分布于我国的内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏和青海等地,现仅分布在青海湖周边地区。作者通过2002–2004年不同季节的实地调查,在地理信息系统(GIS)的支持下,以可食植物丰富度、坡度、隐蔽条件和人类活动等为评价因子,采用生境评价模型,对普氏原羚的主要分布区之一青海湖东-克图地区进行了适宜性评价。评价结果表明,不考虑人类活动影响时普氏原羚的适宜和次适宜生境面积分别为2493.76hm2和18624.06hm2,分别占研究区总面积的8.05%和60.15%;考虑人类活动影响时,普氏原羚的适宜和次适宜生境面积分别减少了5.81%和33.09%,而不适宜生境面积增加了38.90%。由于普氏原羚的生境受到居民地、道路、围栏等人类活动的强烈影响,导致大量适宜生境丧失,生境隔离和破碎化日益加剧,建议重新规划保护区,将普氏原羚的适宜生境划入保护区的核心区;建立生境廊道,拆除部分围栏,以提高普氏原羚的生境质量,促进其种群的发展。  相似文献   

11.
The Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) is a threatened species and distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China (Qinghai Province, Tibet Autonomous Region and the adjacent Gansu Province, Sichuan Province, and Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region). Small peripheral populations of Tibetan gazelle were once found in northern Sikkim and Ladakh, but now these are close to extinction. To describe the evolutionary history and to assess the genetic diversity within this monotypic species and population structure among different geographic locations in China, we sequenced mitochondrial DNA from the control region (CR) and cytochrome (cyt) b gene for 46 individuals from 12 geographic localities in Qinghai, Tibet, Xinjiang, Gansu, and Sichuan. A total of 25 CR haplotypes and 16 cyt b haplotypes were identified from these gazelle samples. CR haplotype diversity (0.98+/-0.01) and nucleotide diversity (0.08+/-0.009) were both high. Phylogenetic trees indicate that the Tibetan gazelle in China can be divided into three main clades: Tibet, Sichuan (SCH) and Qinghai-Arjin Shan-Kekexili (QH-ARJ-KKXL). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and network analysis consistently support this geographic structure in both datasets. Significant differentiation between populations argues for the presence of management units (MUs). Such differentiation may reflect a geographic separation resulting from the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Mismatch distribution analysis implies that Tibetan gazelle has undergone complex population changes. We suggest that the present population structure has resulted from habitat fragmentation during the recent glacial period on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and population expansion from glacial refugia after the glacial period. It is likely that the present populations of Tibetan gazelle exhibit a pattern reminiscent of several bottlenecks and expansions in the recent past.  相似文献   

12.
为探究道路对三江源国家公园黄河源园区藏野驴(Equus kiang)和藏原羚(Procapra picticaudata)种群数量及其栖息地的影响,于2020年冷季采用截线取样法在黄河源园区进行实地调查。通过设置4种不同等级的道路情景,使用MaxEnt模型评价藏野驴和藏原羚的生境适宜性,模拟了不同等级道路变量情景下两种有蹄类动物的适宜栖息地。并根据适宜栖息地面积和R程序的Distance包估算了藏野驴和藏原羚种群密度及数量。结果显示,调查样线总长1 320.63 km,发现藏野驴2 231头,藏原羚822只。估算藏野驴的种群密度为每平方千米(1.18 ±0.34)头,种群数量为2 400~7 632头;藏原羚的种群密度为每平方千米(0.94 ±0.14)只,种群数量为1 765~3 219只。MaxEnt模型预测结果表明,藏野驴和藏原羚适宜栖息地面积分别为3 641.34 km2和2 525.18 km2,分别占整个黄河源园区的19.2%和13.3%。影响藏野驴分布的主要环境因子依次为:距低等级公路的距离、年降水量、海拔和归一化植被指数。影响藏原羚分布的主要环境因子依次为:距低等级公路的距离、海拔、坡向和坡度。两种有蹄类动物重叠的适宜栖息地面积为2 240.15 km2,分别占藏野驴适宜栖息地的61.5%和藏原羚适宜栖息地的88.7%,且二者的适宜栖息地主要分布在黄河源园区的中部。不同道路情景模拟结果显示:(1)相比于不含道路变量的情景,道路存在的3种情景会使两种有蹄类动物的栖息地出现不同程度的丧失,种群数量也随之出现不同程度的下降。不含道路变量的情景时,两种有蹄类动物适宜生境面积最大,种群数量也最大;含全部道路变量的情景时,两种有蹄类动物适宜生境面积最小,种群数量也最小,栖息地丧失的比例最大,分别为27.2%和42.3%。(2)不同等级道路对二者的栖息地面积和种群数量影响程度不同,与高等级公路相比,低等级公路会使两个物种丧失更大的栖息地面积,种群数量下降更多。(3)两个物种对道路干扰的响应不同,在不同道路情景下,藏原羚会丧失更大比例的栖息地面积,种群数量下降幅度更大。本研究通过量化评估不同等级道路对有蹄类动物栖息地和种群数量的影响,为高原有蹄类物种的保护与道路的管理规划提供科学依据。  相似文献   

13.
Development of roads through protected areas can have deleterious effects on natural habitats containing species of conservation concern. During the past decades road construction has affected many former remote areas and led to fragmentation and isolation of wildlife populations. The present study focuses on the ecological impacts of Isfahan's West Freeway, which passes through Ghamishloo Wildlife Refuge; an IUCN category IV protected area, in Isfahan Province. The two key affected species, both classified as vulnerable by IUCN, the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) and the wild sheep (Ovis orientalis isphahanica) were subject to impact analyses. We used habitat evaluation procedure (HEP) as a habitat-based impact assessment methodology which considers habitat quality and quantity. Habitat quality was measured as habitat suitability index (HSI) for each species. By literature review and field observations, five variables defining habitat suitability were identified and suitability maps for both species generated. Habitat units (HUs) were derived from multiplying the HSI for each species by the habitat area before and after freeway construction. The results showed that due to the construction of the freeway, about 14% of the HUs for goitered gazelle and about 9% of the HUs for wild sheep were lost. In addition, for quantifying landscape pattern change due to freeway construction, various landscape metrics were calculated for the species distribution polygons for two times before and after freeway construction. Results obtained through quantifying landscape metrics showed that mean nearest neighbor (MNN) and number of patches (NP) metrics increased. On the other hand, CONTAG metric decreased in both goitered gazelle and wild sheep distribution polygons, demonstrating the negative effect of freeway on these species distribution polygons integrity. According to the results of this study, mitigation and compensation activities should be considered in Ghamishloo Wildlife Refuge. Our study demonstrated that HEP method combined with quantifying landscape metrics might provide a powerful tool for assessing ecological impact of technical infrastructures on populations of far-ranging species of conservation concern.  相似文献   

14.
Both habitat heterogeneity and species’ life-history traits play important roles in driving population dynamics, yet there is little scientific consensus around the combined effect of these two factors on populations in complex landscapes. Using a spatially explicit agent-based model, we explored how interactions between habitat spatial structure (defined here as the scale of spatial autocorrelation in habitat quality) and species life-history strategies (defined here by species environmental tolerance and movement capacity) affect population dynamics in spatially heterogeneous landscapes. We compared the responses of four hypothetical species with different life-history traits to four landscape scenarios differing in the scale of spatial autocorrelation in habitat quality. The results showed that the population size of all hypothetical species exhibited a substantial increase as the scale of spatial autocorrelation in habitat quality increased, yet the pattern of population increase was shaped by species’ movement capacity. The increasing scale of spatial autocorrelation in habitat quality promoted the resource share of individuals, but had little effect on the mean mortality rate of individuals. Species’ movement capacity also determined the proportion of individuals in high-quality cells as well as the proportion of individuals experiencing competition in response to increased spatial autocorrelation in habitat quality. Positive correlations between the resource share of individuals and the proportion of individuals experiencing competition indicate that large-scale spatial autocorrelation in habitat quality may mask the density-dependent effect on populations through increasing the resource share of individuals, especially for species with low mobility. These findings suggest that low-mobility species may be more sensitive to habitat spatial heterogeneity in spatially structured landscapes. In addition, localized movement in combination with spatial autocorrelation may increase the population size, despite increased density effects.  相似文献   

15.
Climate change hastens the conservation urgency of an endangered ungulate   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Hu J  Jiang Z 《PloS one》2011,6(8):e22873
Global climate change appears to be one of the main threats to biodiversity in the near future and is already affecting the distribution of many species. Currently threatened species are a special concern while the extent to which they are sensitive to climate change remains uncertain. Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalskii) is classified as endangered and a conservation focus on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Using measures of species range shift, we explored how the distribution of Przewalski's gazelle may be impacted by projected climate change based on a maximum entropy approach. We also evaluated the uncertainty in the projections of the risks arising from climate change. Modeling predicted the Przewalski's gazelle would be sensitive to future climate change. As the time horizon increased, the strength of effects from climate change increased. Even assuming unlimited dispersal capacity of gazelles, a moderate decrease to complete loss of range was projected by 2080 under different thresholds for transforming the probability prediction to presence/absence data. Current localities of gazelles will undergo a decrease in their occurrence probability. Projections of the impacts of climate change were significantly affected by thresholds and general circulation models. This study suggests climate change clearly poses a severe threat and increases the extinction risk to Przewalski's gazelle. Our findings 1) confirm that endangered endemic species is highly vulnerable to climate change and 2) highlight the fact that forecasting impacts of climate change needs an assessment of the uncertainty. It is extremely important that conservation strategies consider the predicted geographical shifts and be planned with full knowledge of the reliability of projected impacts of climate change.  相似文献   

16.
人类活动对普氏原羚分布的影响   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15  
根据卫星遥感(TM)影像与野外——GPS(全球定位系统)定位的实地考察资料,结合数字化的地形图、植被图与土地利用图、交通图,利用地理信息系统软件——生态信息系统(EIS)建立了地理信息系统模型,采用生境评价方法HEP就人类活动对青海湖地区普氏原羚生境的影响进行了分析。影响普氏原羚生境适合度的因素主要为基质类型、坡度、水源远近、植被类型与人类活动。当不考虑人类活动影响时,普氏原羚活动区的面积为7955km 2,最佳生境为典型草原,其次为灌丛沙地,折合适宜生境面积4664km 2。由于交通、居民点、农业用地等土地利用的影响,普氏原羚仅分布在草地沙地边缘,其适宜分布区迅速减小,生境的适合度等级出现明显变化,最适生境缺损,折合最适生境面积511km 2。只占原来适合生境面积11% 。典型草原围栏与人为放牧影响,普氏原羚实际分布区面积只有350km 2,讨论了普氏原羚的保护对策。  相似文献   

17.
Yang J  Jiang Z  Zeng Y  Turghan M  Fang H  Li C 《PloS one》2011,6(5):e20144
Anthropogenic landscapes influence evolutionary processes such as population genetic differentiation, however, not every type of landscape features exert the same effect on a species, hence it is necessary to estimate their relative effect for species management and conservation. Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), which inhabits a human-altered area on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is one of the most endangered antelope species in the world. Here, we report a landscape genetic study on Przewalski's gazelle. We used skin and fecal samples of 169 wild gazelles collected from nine populations and thirteen microsatellite markers to assess the genetic effect of anthropogenic landscape features on this species. For comparison, the genetic effect of geographical distance and topography were also evaluated. We found significant genetic differentiation, six genetic groups and restricted dispersal pattern in Przewalski's gazelle. Topography, human settlement and road appear to be responsible for observed genetic differentiation as they were significantly correlated with both genetic distance measures [F(ST)/(1-F(ST)) and F'(ST)/(1-F'(ST))] in Mantel tests. IBD (isolation by distance) was also inferred as a significant factor in Mantel tests when genetic distance was measured as F(ST)/(1-F(ST)). However, using partial Mantel tests, AIC(c) calculations, causal modeling and AMOVA analysis, we found that human settlement was the main factor shaping current genetic differentiation among those tested. Altogether, our results reveal the relative influence of geographical distance, topography and three anthropogenic landscape-type on population genetic differentiation of Przewalski's gazelle and provide useful information for conservation measures on this endangered species.  相似文献   

18.
濒危植物毛柄小勾儿茶片断化居群的遗传多样性   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
 采用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)标记对我国特有的濒危植物毛柄小勾儿茶(Berchemiel lawilsonii var. pubipetiolata)现存于浙江和安徽的4个片断化居群中的89株个体进行了遗传多样性和遗传结构的研究。结果表明,与其它木本濒危植物相比,毛柄小勾儿茶具有与它们相当的遗传多样性,8对选择扩增引物共扩增出122条清晰的条带,居群的平均多态位点百分率为Pp=26.4%,其中马家河居群最高(29.5%)而湍口居群最低(23.8%),居群的平均基因多样度为Hep=0.162 8(0.140 5~0.172 4 );而在物种水平上的遗传多样性为Ps=36.9%, Hes=0.202 4。居群间的遗传分化系数FST=0.193 9,表明居群间 有显著的遗传分化,进一步利用AMOVA软件对遗传变异进行等级剖分发现:24.88%的遗传变异存在于地理宗间(浙江地理宗和安徽地理宗),14.71%的遗传变异存在于居群间,60.42% 存在于居群内。该研究结果表明,由于人为干扰引起的生境片断化和居群减小导致了毛柄小勾儿茶居群的遗传多样性丧失和遗传分化,并对毛柄小勾儿茶的生存造成潜在威胁。该文还就保育策略进行了讨论。  相似文献   

19.
在查阅相关文献及标本的基础上,对杜鹃属(Rhododendron L.)种类都支杜鹃(R.shanii Fang)的地理分布和种群现状进行了全面调查分析,并对该种的濒危级别进行了评价.结果表明:都支杜鹃为大别山狭域分布种,分布范围仅限于安徽省岳西县、霍山县与湖北省英山县三县交界处面积110 km2的狭长区域内,主要生于海拔1400m以上的山脊或靠近山脊的山坡上.目前仅存11个自然种群,种群占有面积总和1.2 km2;其中含有成年个体的种群有10个,成年个体总数仅存约5 400株;种群中幼体和亚成体数量远少于成年个体且大多分布于种群的边缘地带.各种群的面积和规模差别悬殊;最大种群占有面积40 hm2,最小种群占有面积2 hm2;成年个体数量上千的种群有2个,个体数量不超过100株的种群有3个.该种的地理分布呈不连续分布,生境片断化明显.根据调查结果及IUCN濒危物种红色名录分级标准,可确定都支杜鹃濒危级别至少应为易危级(vulnerable,VU).  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号