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1.
道了我国西北地区库蠓属Culicoides新种,多色库蠓Culicoides mullifarious Liu,Gong et Zhang,sp.nov和崎岖库蠓Culicoides salebrosus Liu et Shi,sp.nov。正模标本保存在北京医学昆虫标本馆,副模标本保存在兰州军区军事医学研究所。 相似文献
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黑龙江省库蠓属屋室亚属一新种（双翅目：蠓科） 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
报道采自黑龙江省库蠓属屋室亚属一新种;无齿库蠓Culicoides(Oecacta)un-dentaris,sp.nov,模式标本保存于沈阳军区军事医学研究所。 相似文献
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中国库蠓属吉林亚属已知有 2种。在广西发现的库蠓属吉林亚属一新种 :Culicoides (Jilinocoides)guanxien sissp .nov . ,正模♀ ,1974 0 8 2 9,广西壮族自治区凭祥市 ,郝宝善采。本新种与犍为库蠓CulicoidesqianweiensisYu 1982相近似 ,但后者触角第 7、9节有嗅觉器 ,触须第 3节无感觉器窝 ,大颚齿 14枚 ,翅基淡斑和径中淡斑的形状与本新种明显不同。模式标本保存在沈阳军区军事医学研究所 ,沈阳 110 0 34。 相似文献
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中国的库蠓属已知有 1 1个亚属 2 81种。在新疆发现的库蠓属 1新种 :塔合曼库蠓Culicoides (Culi coides)tahemanensissp .nov.,正模♀ ,副模 3♂ ,1♀ ,1 988 0 7 2 0 ,新疆塔什库尔干县塔合曼。本新种与渐灰库蠓CulicoidesgrisescensEdwards相近似 ,但后者雌虫翅面径 5室和臀室淡斑的形状 ,雄虫尾器阳茎中叶端部的形状与本新种明显不相同。本新种雄虫尾器第 9背板的后缘与日本库蠓C .nipponensis相近似 ,但后者雌虫翅面径 5室、中 2室和臀室淡斑的形状 ,雄虫尾器阳茎中叶的形状与本新种有明显区别。模式标本保存在沈阳军区军事医学研究所 ,沈阳 1 1 0 0 3 4。 相似文献
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记述了采自新疆的库蠓属屋室亚Culicoides (Oecacta)1新种,巴里坤库蠓Culicoides (Oecacta) balikunensis sp.nov.,新种模式标本保存在沈阳军区疾病预防控制中心。 相似文献
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【目的】通过发现更多的形态特征,以实现库蠓属Culicoides近似种的准确鉴定和区分。【方法】利用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察新替库蠓Culicoides newsteadi Austen成虫的形态特征细节,包括具有重要鉴定意义的结构特征,如两性成虫的复眼、触角、触须、口器、中胸盾板、小盾板、翅、后足胫节、爪和生殖器等结构。【结果】发现新替库蠓雌成虫具有6种触角感器,包括腔锥感器、短毛形感器、长毛形感器、刺形感器、直锥形感器和弯直锥形感器;雌雄成虫的盾斑均呈卵形;雄成虫的阳基侧突端部具复杂分支。雌成虫的复眼连接处距离为1.3个小眼面;雌成虫大颚呈剑状,具14~17枚三角形齿;雄成虫后足胫节具16~19枚端梳。【结论】通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜获得的形态特征不仅为蠓科的分类和系统发育研究提供更多的信息,而且为流行病研究和疾控工作提供更多的帮助,进而为蠓科昆虫形态信息的数字化、立体化和网络化提供资料。 相似文献
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报道采自中国青海省格尔木地区的毛蠓属（Dasyhelea）1新种;高原毛蠓Dasy-helea alticola Liu et Zhang,sp.nov.和1中国新记录种;花蕊毛蠓Dasyhelea calycata Remm1972,模式标本保存在北京军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆。 相似文献
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O. A. Bubliy K. S. Tcheslavskaia A. M. Kulikov O. E. Lazebny V. G. Mitrofanov 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》2008,46(1):38-47
Wing shape variation was analysed with geometric morphometric methods in 17 laboratory strains, representing 11 closely related species (including two subspecies) of the Drosophila virilis group: D. virilis, D. lummei, D. novamexicana, D. americana americana, D. americana texana, D. montana, D. lacicola, D. flavomontana, D. borealis, D. littoralis, D. ezoana and D. kanekoi. Overall shape estimated using Procrustes coordinates of 14 landmarks was highly variable among strains and very similar in females and males. The landmarks in the distal part of the wing showed higher variation across strains than those in the proximal part. Procrustes distances between species were not consistent with phylogenetic distances previously suggested for the virilis group. Moreover, Procrustes distances between strains within species and within two major phylads (virilis and montana) were comparable with those between species and between phylads, respectively. The most different from other members of the group was the endemic D. kanekoi species, currently viewed as separate subphylad within the montana phylad. Allometric effects were found to be partly responsible for shape differences between the strains. Three most significant shape transformations were considered using the relative warp analysis and the strains were ordinated in accordance with transformation values. The pattern of relative warp scores could be easily interpreted only for the third warp explaining about 13% of shape variation. It separated the largest species, D. montana, D. ezoana and D. kanekoi, from other ones and was mainly associated with shape changes in the proximal region of the wing. The results of the present work suggest that wing shape in the virilis species group is not related to the speciation process. The observed proximal‐distal contrasts and allometric effects are in agreement with data of other studies, in which wing shape variation was analysed within Drosophila species. 相似文献
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Debat V Milton CC Rutherford S Klingenberg CP Hoffmann AA 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2006,60(12):2529-2538
The molecular chaperone protein Hsp90 has been widely discussed as a candidate gene for developmental buffering. We used the methods of geometric morphometrics to analyze its effects on the variation among individuals and fluctuating asymmetry of wing shape in Drosophila melanogaster. Three different experimental approaches were used to reduce Hsp90 activity. In the first experiment, developing larvae were reared in food containing a specific inhibitor of Hsp90, geldanamycin, but neither individual variation nor fluctuating asymmetry was altered. Two further experiments generated lines of genetically identical flies carrying mutations of Hsp83, the gene encoding the Hsp90 protein, in heterozygous condition in nine different genetic backgrounds. The first of these, introducing entire chromosomes carrying either of two Hsp83 mutations, did not increase shape variation or asymmetry over a wild-type control in any of the nine genetic backgrounds. In contrast, the third experiment, in which one of these Hsp83 alleles was introgressed into the wild-type background that served as the control, induced an increase in both individual variation and fluctuating asymmetry within each of the nine genetic backgrounds. No effect of Hsp90 on the difference among lines was detected, pro,iding no evidence for cryptic genetic variation of wing shape. Overall, these results suggest that Hsp90 contributes to, but is not controlling, the buffering of phenotypic variation in wing shape. 相似文献
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Kazuo H. Takahashi 《Molecular ecology》2013,22(5):1356-1365
Cryptic genetic variation (CGV) or a standing genetic variation that is not ordinarily expressed as a phenotype is released when the robustness of organisms is impaired under environmental or genetic perturbations. Evolutionary capacitors modulate the amount of genetic variation exposed to natural selection and hidden cryptically; they have a fundamental effect on the evolvability of traits on evolutionary timescales. In this study, I have demonstrated the effects of multiple genomic regions of Drosophila melanogaster on CGV in wing shape. I examined the effects of 61 genomic deficiencies on quantitative and qualitative natural genetic variation in the wing shape of D. melanogaster. I have identified 10 genomic deficiencies that do not encompass a known candidate evolutionary capacitor, Hsp90, exposing natural CGV differently depending on the location of the deficiencies in the genome. Furthermore, five genomic deficiencies uncovered qualitative CGV in wing morphology. These findings suggest that CGV in wing shape of wild‐type D. melanogaster is regulated by multiple capacitors with divergent functions. Future analysis of genes encompassed by these genomic regions would help elucidate novel capacitor genes and better understand the general features of capacitors regarding natural genetic variation. 相似文献
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HOJUN SONG JOHN W. WENZEL 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2008,94(2):289-301
Sexual selection theory predicts that genital structures in isolated populations are likely to diverge, but male genitalia are often species-specific, which led to the idea that male genitalia are relatively invariable within species. Previous allometric studies collectively suggested that male genitalia are intraspecifically invariable in size compared with external body parts. We investigated whether male genitalia are invariable in shape in three populations of a grasshopper Schistocerca lineata Scudder, 1899, using two independent methods of geometric morphometric analyses. Specifically, we focused on the idea that male genitalia are complex structures consisting of many functionally different components, and studied how these individual parts diverge among three populations. Individual components of male genitalia show different population-level divergence, resulting in the mosaic pattern of genital divergence. Individual components diverge independently from each other. Body size is positively correlated with genitalia size, but is significantly correlated with the shape of only one of the three genital structures we measured. Thus, different components of male genitalia may be influenced by different evolutionary processes. This study is the first to show that components of complex genitalia evolve separately within a species. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 94 , 289–301. 相似文献
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章迪;王政昆;姜文秀;朱万龙 《四川动物》2015,34(5):656-662
高山姬鼠Apodemus chevrieri分布在横断山及其附近地区。臼齿在动物的生存和生态适应中起着重要的作用。为探讨横断山环境对高山姬鼠臼齿表型变异的影响,本研究采用几何形态测量法对横断山由北到南(东北:巴塘;中部:中甸和宁蒗;南部:景东)分布的高山姬鼠的上臼齿(第一上臼齿、第二上臼齿、第三上臼齿)和下臼齿(第一下臼齿、第二下臼齿、第三下臼齿)进行测量,并进行主成分分析、薄片样条分析和多维尺度分析。研究结果表明,横断山高山姬鼠各地理种群间的臼齿有一定形态变异,薄片样条法分析显示各臼齿齿叶间有一定的形变发生,这可能与高山姬鼠在横断山各地区生存环境有关。 相似文献
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Ivana Pajač Živković Darija Lemic Aleksandar Mešić Božena Barić Rodrigo Órdenes Hugo A. Benítez 《Entomological Research》2018,48(4):262-268
The invasive alien fruit pest Drosophila suzukii, (Matsumura 1931) causes economic loss in soft‐skinned fruit production across Europe. After its first detection in 2008, the species has successfully expanded to a wide geographic area and invaded new host plants in a relatively short period of time. The aim of the present study was to analyze the connection between food preferences as host specialization and the morphology of D. suzukii. Population morphological variation in wings was investigated in two different host fruits (grape and strawberry) in which economic damage has been recorded. The geometric morphometric results revealed two noticeable wing shape morphotypes in D. suzukii (i.e. vein configuration) between the grape and strawberry fruits. Flies reared in grapes had wider wings, whereas flies grown in strawberries had more narrow wings. These differences in morphotype could be explained by the effects of wing aerodynamics, which affect the strength of the wings in flight. This, in turn, can lead to better dispersion within the associated fruit host. These results confirm that this extremely invasive species, found worldwide, is successful at spreading in part because of its potential to adapt rapidly under different rearing conditions. Therefore, adaptive variations in the wing shape of D. suzukii can be used to differentiate populations based on food preference (e.g. soft fruits) and can serve as an additional tool for detecting different bioecological types of D. suzukii. 相似文献
17.
Edwin H. Bryant Lisa M. Meffert 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1995,49(4):626-634
Selection for increased morphometric shape (ratio of wing length to thorax width) was compared between control (nonbottlenecked) populations and bottlenecked populations founded with two male–female pairs of flies. Contrary to neutral expectation, selectional response was not reduced in bottlenecked populations, and the mean realized heritabilities and additive genetic variances were higher for the bottlenecked lines than for the nonbottlenecked lines. Additive genetic variances based on these realized heritabilities were consistent with independent estimates of genetic variances based on parent–offspring covariances. Joint scaling tests applied to the crosses between selected lines and their controls revealed significant nonadditive components of genetic variance in the ancestor, which were not detected in the crosses involving bottlenecked lines. The nonbottlenecked lines responded principally by changes in one trait or the other (wing length or thorax width) but not in both, and regardless of which trait responded, larger trait size was dominant and epistatic to smaller size. Stabilizing selection for morphometric shape in the ancestor likely molded the genetic architecture to include nonadditive genetic effects. 相似文献
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Sebastiani F Meiswinkel R Gomulski LM Guglielmino CR Mellor PS Malacrida AR Gasperi G 《Molecular ecology》2001,10(7):1773-1786
Samples of seven of the 10 morphological species of midges of the Culicoides imicola complex were considered. The importance of this species complex is connected to its vectorial capacity for African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and bluetongue virus (BTV). Consequently, the risk of transmission may vary dramatically, depending upon the particular cryptic species present in a given area. The species complex is confined to the Old World and our samples were collected in Southern Africa, Madagascar and the Ivory Coast. Genomic DNA of 350 randomly sampled individual midges from 19 populations was amplified using four 20-mer primers by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. One hundred and ninety-six interpretable polymorphic bands were obtained. Species-specific RAPD profiles were defined and for five species diagnostic RAPD fragments were identified. A high degree of polymorphism was detected in the species complex, most of which was observed within populations (from 64 to 76%). Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) and cluster analysis provided an estimate of the degree of variation between and within populations and species. There was substantial concordance between the taxonomies derived from morphological and molecular data. The amount and the different distributions of genetic (RAPD) variation among the taxa can be associated to their life histories, i.e. the abundance and distribution of the larval breeding sites and their seasonality. 相似文献
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Claire Mrot Vincent Debat Yann Le Poul Richard M. Merrill Russell E. Naisbit Adlie Tholance Chris D. Jiggins Mathieu Joron 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2020,33(7):942-956
Hybridization can generate novel phenotypes distinct from those of parental lineages, a phenomenon known as transgressive trait variation. Transgressive phenotypes might negatively or positively affect hybrid fitness, and increase available variation. Closely related species of Heliconius butterflies regularly produce hybrids in nature, and hybridization is thought to play a role in the diversification of novel wing colour patterns despite strong stabilizing selection due to interspecific mimicry. Here, we studied wing phenotypes in first‐ and second‐generation hybrids produced by controlled crosses between either two co‐mimetic species of Heliconius or between two nonmimetic species. We quantified wing size, shape and colour pattern variation and asked whether hybrids displayed transgressive wing phenotypes. Discrete traits underlain by major‐effect loci, such as the presence or absence of colour patches, generate novel phenotypes. For quantitative traits, such as wing shape or subtle colour pattern characters, hybrids only exceed the parental range in specific dimensions of the morphological space. Overall, our study addresses some of the challenges in defining and measuring phenotypic transgression for multivariate traits and our data suggest that the extent to which transgressive trait variation in hybrids contributes to phenotypic diversity depends on the complexity and the genetic architecture of the traits. 相似文献
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Replicated lines of Drosophila subobscura originating from a large outbred stock collected at the estimated Chilean epicentre (Puerto Montt) of the original New World invasion were allowed to evolve under controlled conditions of larval crowding for 3.5 years at three temperature levels (13, 18 and 22 degrees C). Several pre-adult life history traits (development time, survival and competitive ability), adult life history related traits (wing size, wing shape and wing-aspect ratio), and wing size and shape asymmetries were measured at the three temperatures. Cold-adapted (13 degrees C) populations evolved longer development times and showed lower survival at the highest developmental temperature. No divergence for wing size was detected following adaptation to temperature extremes (13 and 22 degrees C), in agreement with earlier observations, but wing shape changes were obvious as a result of both thermal adaptation and development at different temperatures. However, the evolutionary trends observed for the wing-aspect ratio were inconsistent with an adaptive hypothesis. There was some indication that wing shape asymmetry has evolutionarily increased in warm-adapted populations, which suggests that there is additive genetic variation for fluctuating asymmetry and that it can evolve under rapid environmental changes caused by thermal stress. Overall, our results cast strong doubts on the hypothesis that body size itself is the target of selection, and suggest that pre-adult life history traits are more closely related to thermal adaptation. 相似文献