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1.
蓝藻基因工程应用研究进展   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
作为新的基因工程表达宿主,蓝藻以其独特的优势正逐渐引起人们的关注,自20世纪90年代以来,蓝藻已经形成了一套稳定的基因转化体系,20多年来已有30多种外源基因在蓝藻中表达成功。蓝藻表达系统将来有希望在制备重组药物、治理环境污染、农药生产等方面得到广泛应用。对蓝藻基因工程的发展及其在医药、环保、农业、生物传感器等方面的应用研究作一综述。最后分析了蓝藻基因工程发展的瓶颈表达效率低的问题,总结了研究者所作的努力:基因和剂型的选择、转录翻译元件的调控、宿主生理状态的调控等。  相似文献   

2.
外源基因的表达效率低是蓝藻基因工程发展的瓶颈之一,T7 RNA聚合酶表达系统实现了大肠杆菌中外源基因的高效表达,蓝藻与大肠杆菌同为革兰氏阴性菌,具有较高的遗传同源性,在蓝藻中构建T7 RNA聚合酶表达系统有可能提高外源基因在蓝藻中的表达效率。为了在鱼腥藻7120中构建T7 RNA聚合酶表达系统,采用重叠延伸PCR技术和酶切连接等方法构建能够表达T7 RNA聚合酶的定点整合载体pEASY-T1-F1-TacT7RNAPCmR-F2以及由T7启动子驱动hG-CSF基因表达的穿梭表达载体pRL-T7-hG-CSF;采用电击转化法将定点整合载体导入野生型鱼腥藻中,通过三亲接合的方法将穿梭表达载体转入已定点整合T7 RNA聚合酶的转基因鱼腥藻中。利用PCR技术鉴定外源基因在蓝藻中的存在;RT-PCR方法检测外源基因在蓝藻中的转录情况;Western blotting实验检测外源基因在蓝藻中的蛋白表达情况。结果表明两种载体构建成功,T7 RNA聚合酶基因和hG-CSF基因被转入鱼腥藻中,两个基因均在藻中表达,T7 RNA聚合酶表达系统在鱼腥藻中构建成功,与传统蓝藻表达系统相比,文中在鱼腥藻中构建的T7表达系统使hG-CSF基因的表达量提高2倍。该表达系统将为蓝藻基因工程的应用提供更优的工具,将促进蓝藻作为底盘细胞在合成生物学等领域的发展。  相似文献   

3.
本文从藻类外源基因转移的载体系统、藻类基因的克隆、藻类的遗传转化三方面详细介绍了藻类基因工程的研究技术及方法,综述了藻类基因工程的研究进展,并对藻类基因工程的前景作了展望。  相似文献   

4.
藻类基因工程的研究技术及方法   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文从藻类外源基因转移的载体系统、藻类基因的克隆、藻类的遗传转化三方面详细介绍了藻类基因工程的研究技术及方法,综述了藻类基因工程的研究进展,并对藻类基因工程的前景作了展望  相似文献   

5.
《遗传》2017,(9)
与细胞核基因工程相比,质体基因工程能更安全、精确和高效地对外源基因进行表达,作为下一代转基因技术已广泛用于基础研究和生物技术应用领域。与细胞核基因工程一样,质体基因工程中也需要合适的选择标记基因用于转化子的筛选和同质化,但基于质体基因组的多拷贝性和母系遗传特点,转化子的同质化需要一个长期的筛选过程,这就决定了质体基因工程中选择标记基因的选择标准将不同于细胞核基因工程中广泛使用的现行标准。目前,质体基因工程的遗传转化操作中使用较多的是抗生素选择标记基因,出于安全性考虑,需要找到可替换、安全的选择标记基因或有效的标记基因删除方法。本文在对质体基因工程研究的相关文献分析基础之上,对主要使用的选择标记基因及其删除体系进行了综述,并对比了其优缺点,同时探讨了质体基因工程中所使用的报告基因,以期为现有选择标记基因及其删除体系的改进和开发提供一定参考,进一步推动质体基因工程,尤其是单子叶植物质体基因工程的发展。  相似文献   

6.
杆状病毒表达载体系统   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
杆状病毒表达载体系统是近年来发展起来的较高效的表达外源基因系统。由于多角体病毒中多角体蛋白基因的非必需性、高表达性、重组病毒的易鉴定等特性,以及多角体蛋白基因的强启动子使其特别适于基因工程中作为表达载体,借助于转移载体可将外源目的基因转移到野生型AcMNPV中,在一个被转移载体和野生型AcMNPV共转染的细胞内,可以通过同源重组完成目的基因的转移。应用不同的转移载体可表达出融合及非融合蛋白质。经该系统表达的重组蛋白质具有生物学活性,其中大部分进行翻译后剪接产生与天然蛋白质相似的重组蛋白质。这些产物的抗原性,免疫原性和功能都与天然蛋白质非常相似。目前,应用该系统已成功地表达了许多酶、生长因子、病毒抗原包括病毒的外壳蛋白等有生物活性的蛋白质。本文对如何最大限度表达外源基因及该表达系统的发展前景作了讨论。  相似文献   

7.
以纯化的柔嫩艾美耳球虫的孢子化卵囊为模板 ,根据已知的序列设计一对引物 ,用RT PCR方法扩增出球虫的SO7基因 ,通过三亲接合转移、新霉素筛选、序列分析等方法得到了转球虫基因工程蓝藻。这为球虫基因在蓝藻中表达奠定了基础。  相似文献   

8.
目前解决外源基因在蓝藻中低效表达的主要策略是改进供体DNA元件。这项工作尝试改变受体系统生理状态,研究对外源基因表达效率的影响。以前已经报道用高温(45℃)和红光处理鱼腥藻7120(Anabaena sp.PCC7120)可以诱导其形成短藻丝体,这里报道以此作为受体细胞,将构建的含重组人肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF—α)基因的穿梭表达载体pKT-TNF通过三亲接合转移法进行转化。红光和高温诱导形成的短藻丝体中,TNF—α基因接合转移效率为在正常营养藻丝中的5~6倍,Southern杂交结果证明pKT-FNF已在受体细胞中复制。Western印迹表明TNF—α基因已在受体系统中表达,放射免疫测定结果显示在短藻丝体中的表达效率提高到在正常营养藻丝中的4~5倍。这可能为提高外源基因在丝状蓝藻中的表达效率提供了一条新途径。此外,研究还分析了人TNF-α基因密码子使用偏向性对在鱼腥藻7120中表达效率的影响。  相似文献   

9.
柔嫩艾美耳球虫基因在丝状体蓝藻中的克隆   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以纯化的柔嫩艾美耳球虫的孢子化卵巢为模板,根据已知的序列设计一对引物,用RT-PCR方法扩增出球虫的S07基因,通过三亲接合转移、新霉素筛选、序列分析等方法得到了转球虫基因工程蓝藻。这为球虫基因在蓝藻中表达奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
通过细胞击孔向植物导入外源基因   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
禾谷类植物的基因转移工作由于缺乏适当的转化系统而进展缓慢,近年来发展起来的电激基因转移技术、基因枪喷射基因转移技术和激光微束基因转移技术为解决这一难题提供了可能,并已利用电激法成功地将外源基因转入水稻和玉米,得到了转化植株。本文扼要介绍了上述几种外源基因转移新技术的基本原理、操作要点及其在基因转移工作中所取得的成就,并对这几种新技术在基因转移特别是禾谷类植物基因转移中的应用前景进行了评价。  相似文献   

11.
Many species of microalgae producing useful materials have been isolated from marine environments. For their industrial application, widely applicable and stable gene expression is required. It is necessary to establish gene transfer methods as an essential first step in genetic manipulation. Although gene transfer techniques for cyanobacteria have been developed, only naturally transformable strains have been used. Here, we describe recent progress made in developing gene transfer methods for marine cyanobacteria. The following are covered: (1) transformation, (2) electroporation, (3) conjugation, (4) particle gun. A plasmid from the marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp., whose copy number is dependent on salinity, was characterized. This plasmid is being used to develop a stable and controllable gene expression system.  相似文献   

12.
Cyanobacteria are of great importance to Earth's ecology. Due to their capability in photosynthesis and C1 metabolism, they are ideal microbial chassis that can be engineered for direct conversion of carbon dioxide and solar energy into biofuels and biochemicals. Facilitated by the elucidation of the basic biology of the photoautotrophic microbes and rapid advances in synthetic biology, genetic toolkits have been developed to enable implementation of nonnatural functionalities in engineered cyanobacteria. Hence, cyanobacteria are fast becoming an emerging platform in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Herein, the progress made in the synthetic biology toolkits for cyanobacteria and their utilization for transforming cyanobacteria into microbial cell factories for sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals is outlined. Current techniques in heterologous gene expression, strategies in genome editing, and development of programmable regulatory parts and modules for engineering cyanobacteria towards biochemical production are discussed and prospected. As cyanobacteria synthetic biology is still in its infancy, apart from the achievements made, the difficulties and challenges in applying and developing genetic toolkits in cyanobacteria for biochemical production are also evaluated.  相似文献   

13.
Taxonomic affiliations and molecular diversity of 41 heterocystous cyanobacteria representing 12 genera have been assessed on an evolutionary landscape using rbcl gene sequence data-based phylogenomics and evogenomics approaches. Phylogenetic affiliations have clearly demonstrated the polyphyly of the true branching cyanobacteria, along with a frequent intermixing amongst the heterocystous cyanobacteria. The monophyletic origin of the heterocystous cyanobacteria was also quite evident from maximum parsimony and neighbor joining analyses. Incongruency with the traditional scheme of cyanobacterial taxonomy was frequently observed, thus advocating towards some re-amendments in the cyanobacterial classificatory schemes. Evogenomics analyses of gene sequence data gave a clear indication about the greater evolutionary pace of the unbranched cyanobacteria as compared to the branched forms. It was evident that the order Nostocales would be controlling the future pace of evolution of heterocystous cyanobacteria. The cyanobacteria Nostoc was found to have the greatest genetic heterogeneity amongst the studied genera, along with some evidence towards events of lateral gene transfer amongst the heterocystous cyanobacteria in case of the rbcl gene. Thus, heterocystous cyanobacteria were found to be a fast evolving group, with estimates of gene conversion tracts pointing towards the unbranched heterocystous cyanobacteria being at the base of evolutionary diversifications of the complete heterocystous lineage.  相似文献   

14.
Biodegradation is increasingly being considered as a less expensive alternative to physical and chemical means of decomposing organic pollutants. Pathways of biodegradation have been characterized for a number of heterotrophic microorganisms, mostly soil isolates, some of which have been used for remediation of water. Because cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic and some can fix atmospheric nitrogen, their use for bioremediation of surface waters would circumvent the need to supply biodegradative heterotrophs with organic nutrients. This paper demonstrates that two filamentous cyanobacteria have a natural ability to degrade a highly chlorinated aliphatic pesticide, lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane); presents quantitative evidence that this ability can be enhanced by genetic engineering; and provides qualitative evidence that those two strains can be genetically engineered to degrade another chlorinated pollutant, 4-chlorobenzoate.  相似文献   

15.
Toolboxes for cyanobacteria: Recent advances and future direction   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are important primary producers and model organisms for studying photosynthesis and elements cycling on earth. Due to the ability to absorb sunlight and utilize carbon dioxide, cyanobacteria have also been proposed as renewable chassis for carbon-neutral “microbial cell factories”. Recent progresses on cyanobacterial synthetic biology have led to the successful production of more than two dozen of fuels and fine chemicals directly from CO2, demonstrating their potential for scale-up application in the future. However, compared with popular heterotrophic chassis like Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where abundant genetic tools are available for manipulations at levels from single gene, pathway to whole genome, limited genetic tools are accessible to cyanobacteria. Consequently, this significant technical hurdle restricts both the basic biological researches and further development and application of these renewable systems. Though still lagging the heterotrophic chassis, the vital roles of genetic tools in tuning of gene expression, carbon flux re-direction as well as genome-wide manipulations have been increasingly recognized in cyanobacteria. In recent years, significant progresses on developing and introducing new and efficient genetic tools have been made for cyanobacteria, including promoters, riboswitches, ribosome binding site engineering, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease (CRISPR/Cas) systems, small RNA regulatory tools and genome-scale modeling strategies. In this review, we critically summarize recent advances on development and applications as well as technical limitations and future directions of the genetic tools in cyanobacteria. In addition, toolboxes feasible for using in large-scale cultivation are also briefly discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Direct DNA transfer methods based on particle bombardment have revolutionized plant genetic engineering. Major agronomic crops previously considered recalcitrant to gene transfer have been engineered using variations of this technology. In many cases variety-independent and efficient transformation methods have been developed enabling application of molecular biology techniques to crop improvement. The focus of this article is the development and performance of electric discharge particle bombardment (ACCELL™) technology. Unique advantages of this methodology compared to alternative propulsion technologies are discussed in terms of the range of species and genotypes that have been engineered, and the high transformation frequencies for major agronomic crops that enabled the technology to move from the R&D phase to commercialization. Creation of transgenic soybeans, cotton, and rice will be used as examples to illustrate the development of variety-independent and efficient gene transfer methods for most of the major agronomic crops. To our knowledge, no other gene transfer method based on particle bombardment has resulted in variety-independent and practical generation of large numbers of independently-derived crop plants. ACCELL™ technology is currently being utilized for the routine transfer of valuable genes into elite germplasm of soybean, cotton, bean, rice, corn, peanut and woody species.  相似文献   

17.
The development of methods for the use of phototrophic cyanobacteria as producers of molecular hydrogen via bioconversion of solar energy is a promising filed of hydrogen energetics. Optimization of hydrogen formation and release is based on studying the genetic control of hydrogen metabolism and the use of genetic approaches for obtaining efficient producer strains. Data on genes coding for the hydrogenases that are responsible for hydrogen uptake and production in cyanobacteria are summarized. Bioinformatic methods have been used to construct the scheme of the hydrogen metabolism gene network of nitrogen-fixing heterocystous cyanobacteria. The possible approaches to constructing the cyanobacterium strains producing molecular hydrogen that would be promising for photobiotechnology by mutagenesis and genetic engineering methods are discussed in terms of this model and analysis of the data on hydrogen-producing mutants.  相似文献   

18.
Shestakov SV  Mikheeva LE 《Genetika》2006,42(11):1512-1525
The development of methods for the use of phototrophic cyanobacteria as producers of molecular hydrogen via bioconversion of solar energy is a promising filed of hydrogen energetics. Artificial optimization of hydrogen formation and release is based on studying the genetic control of hydrogen metabolism and the use of genetic approaches for obtaining efficient producer strains. Data on genes coding for the hydrogenases that are responsible for hydrogen uptake and production in cyanobacteria are summarized. Bioinformatic methods have been used to construct the scheme of the hydrogen metabolism gene network of nitrogen-fixing heterocyst cyanobacteria. The possible approaches to constructing the cyanobacterium strains producing molecular hydrogen that would be promising for photobiotechnology by mutagenesis and genetic engineering methods are discussed in terms of this model and analysis of the data on hydrogen-producing mutants.  相似文献   

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