血清Gal-3、NT-pro-BNP及hs-CRP水平与慢性心力衰竭超声心动图指标的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清半乳糖凝聚素-3（Gal-3）、氨基末端脑钠肽前体（NT-pro-BNP）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平与慢性心力衰竭超声心动图指标的相关性。方法：选择2018年2月～2019年10月我院收治的慢性心功能衰竭患者112例作为研究组，按美国心脏病协会（NYHA）分级分为Ⅱ级组43例、Ⅲ级组39例、Ⅳ级组30例，另选择同期我院体检的健康人员60例作为对照组，比较研究组和对照组及不同心功能分级的慢性心力衰竭患者血清Gal-3、NT-pro-BNP、hs-CRP 水平和超声心动图指标，分析慢性心力衰竭患者上述指标之间的相关性。结果：研究组血清Gal-3、NT-pro-BNP、hs-CRP水平显著高于对照组，E峰与A峰比值（E/A）及左心室射血分数（LVEF）显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。随NYHA分级增加，慢性心力衰竭患者血清Gal-3、NT-pro-BNP、hs-CRP水平逐渐升高，E/A和LVEF逐渐降低（P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析显示，慢性心功能衰竭患者血清Gal-3、NT-pro-BNP、hs-CRP分别与E/A、LVEF水平呈负相关关系（P＜0.05）。结论：慢性心力衰竭患者血清Gal-3、NT-pro-BNP、hs-CRP水平异常升高，与超声心动图指标相关，检测Gal-3、NT-pro-BNP、hs-CRP有助于慢性心力衰竭的诊断和病情评估。     

血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB联合检测在卵巢储备功能低下患者体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局中的应用价值

摘要 目的：血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、抗苗勒管激素（AMH）和抑制素B（INHB）联合检测在卵巢储备功能低下（DOR）患者体外受精-胚胎移植（IVR-ET）妊娠结局中的应用价值。方法：选择2019年8月~2021年10月我院行IVR-ET助孕的DOR患者292例，根据助孕后的妊娠结局分为妊娠组（n=158）和未妊娠组（n=134），比较两组临床资料及血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB水平，应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB单独及联合检测对妊娠失败的预测价值。应用单因素、多因素Logisitic回归分析妊娠失败的影响因素。结果：妊娠组血清25(OH)D、AMH、INHB水平显著高于未妊娠组（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，血清25(OH)D、AMH、INHB及三者联合检验对DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败的预测的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.714（0.631~0.802）、0.801（0.731~0.852）、0.634（0.578~0.741）、0.853（0.806~0.913），三者联合检验对DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败预测AUC高于单独检验。单因素分析显示未妊娠组窦卵泡个数<5、获卵个数<8、卵泡刺激素（FSH）/黄体生成激素(LH)≥1.8、血清25(OH)D≤25.05 μg/L、血清AMH≤1.08 ng/mL、血清INHB≤84.28 pg/mL比例显著高于妊娠组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示FSH/LH≥1.8、血清25(OH)D≤25.05 μg/L、血清AMH≤1.08 ng/mL、血清INHB≤84.28 pg/mL是DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB 水平较低与DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败有关，且联合检测上述指标水平对患者IVR-ET妊娠失败有较高的辅助预测价值。     

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者血清OPN、BAFF、25-（OH）D3的变化及对息肉组织分型的鉴别价值探讨

摘要 目的：探讨慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）患者血清骨桥蛋白（OPN）、B细胞活化因子（BAFF）、25羟基维生素D3[25-（OH）D3]水平及其对息肉组织分型的鉴别价值。方法：选取2019年6月-2021年6月于延安大学附属医院治疗的87例CRSwNP患者为CRSwNP组，根据息肉组织嗜酸粒细胞浸润程度将其分为嗜酸性CRSwNP患者（ECRSwNP组，n=41）和非嗜酸性CRSwNP患者（nECRSwNP组，n=46）。选取同期于延安大学附属医院治疗的慢性鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉患者（CRSsNP组，n=60）和健康体检者（对照组，n=60）。比较CRSwNP组、CRSsNP组和对照组患者血清OPN、BAFF、25-（OH）D3水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析ECRSwNP发生的影响因素，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估各指标对CRSwNP息肉组织分型的鉴别价值。结果：CRSwNP组、CRSsNP组血清OPN、BAFF水平高于对照组，25-（OH）D3水平低于对照组，且CRSwNP组血清OPN、BAFF水平高于CRSsNP组，25-（OH）D3水平低于CRSsNP组（P<0.05）。ECRSwNP组变应性鼻炎史、哮喘病史患者占比、外周血嗜酸粒细胞数量及比例、血清总IgE浓度、血清OPN及BAFF水平高于nECRSwNP组（P<0.05），而血清25-（OH）D3水平低于nECRSwNP组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：外周血嗜酸粒细胞数量及比例、血清总IgE浓度、血清OPN及BAFF水平升高是ECRSwNP发生的危险因素（P<0.05），25-（OH）D3水平升高是ECRSwNP的保护因素（P<0.05）。血清OPN、BAFF、25-（OH）D3对CRSwNP息肉组织分型单独检测的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为：0.789、0.800、0.817，联合检测鉴别CRSwNP患者息肉组织分型的AUC为0.900，灵敏度、特异度分别为0.860、0.827，联合检测鉴别价值更高（P＜0.05）。结论：血清OPN、BAFF和25-（OH）D3水平在不同息肉组织分型中具有差异性，CRSwNP患者血清OPN和BAFF水平升高是ECRSwNP发生的危险因素，25-（OH）D3水平升高是保护因素，联合检测辅助临床鉴别CRSwNP息肉组织类型的价值更高。     

血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3、血清N端骨钙素、25羟基维生素D在骨质疏松检测价值分析

摘要 目的：研究骨质疏松患者行血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3（IGFBP-3）、血清N端骨钙素（N-MID）、25羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]、骨密度（BMD）检测的效果。方法：数据取自本院2021年4月-2022年5月收治的80例骨质疏松患者，均行IGFBP-3、N-MID及25（OH）D检测，分析检测结果。结果：实验组患者的IGFBP-3、25(OH)D及N-MID、BMD水平均低于参照组患者相应指标水平（P<0.05）；实验组患者IGFBP-3、25(OH)D及N-MID、BMD变化水平相互为正相关关系（P<0.05）；采用多元回归分析显示影响BMD的主要因素中，IGFBP-3、25(OH)D、N-MID均为骨质疏松保护因素。结论：骨质疏松患者行IGFBP-3、25(OH)D及N-MID检测可切实观察病情、为疾病治疗提供参考数据，利于改善预后、效果显著。     

COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者血清磷、降钙素原、25-羟维生素D3水平与机械通气撤机结局的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者血清磷（P）、降钙素原（PCT）、25-羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]水平对机械通气撤机结局的影响。方法：选取2020年3月-2021年3月我院收治的接受机械通气治疗的COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者117例，根据撤机结局分为撤机成功组（n=91）和撤机失败组（n=26），比较两组患者的临床资料、自主呼吸测试(SBT)前的血清P、PCT、25(OH)D3水平，多因素Logistic回归分析撤机失败的影响因素，受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清P、PCT、25(OH)D3水平对撤机失败的预测价值。结果：两组患者在机械通气时间、入住重症监护室（ICU）时间、急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHE II）评分方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；SBT前撤机成功组血清25(OH)D3、P水平高于撤机失败组，PCT水平低于撤机失败组（P＜0.05）；多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示：PCT、25(OH)D3、P、机械通气时间均是撤机失败的影响因素（P＜0.05）；ROC曲线分析结果显示：血清PCT、25(OH)D3、P水平预测撤机失败的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.687、0.802、0.751，均低于三者联合应用的0.846。结论：血清P、PCT、25(OH)D3均是COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者机械通气撤机结局的影响因素，检测以上指标水平有助于预测患者机械通气撤机结局。     

支气管哮喘患儿血清半乳糖凝集素3、类胰蛋白酶、25-羟维生素D3与肺功能和生活质量的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨支气管哮喘（简称"哮喘"）患儿血清半乳糖凝集素3（Gal-3）、类胰蛋白酶、25-羟维生素D₃ [25（OH）D₃]与肺功能和生活质量的相关性。方法：选取我院2018年2月～2021年3月收治的136例哮喘患儿为研究组，行肺功能检测，将其按照病情严重程度分作轻度组63例、中度组41例及重度组32例。另取同期健康体检儿童40例作为对照组。检测并比较各组血清Gal-3、类胰蛋白酶、25（OH）D₃水平。对比各组哮喘患儿肺功能指标，以中文版儿科哮喘生命质量调查问卷(PAQLQ)对哮喘患儿进行生活质量评估。并以Pearson相关性分析哮喘患儿血清Gal-3、类胰蛋白酶、25（OH）D₃水平与肺功能和生活质量的关系。结果：研究组的血清Gal-3、类胰蛋白酶水平均高于对照组，且轻度组、中度组、重度组逐渐升高；血清25（OH）D₃水平均低于对照组，轻度组、中度组、重度组逐渐下降（P＜0.05）。中度组及重度组第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（FEV₁%pred）、呼吸峰流速占预计值百分比（PEF%pred）、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量（FEV₁/FVC）以及PAQLQ各项评分均低于轻度组，且重度组低于中度组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析可得：哮喘患儿血清Gal-3、类胰蛋白酶水平与各项肺功能指标以及PAQLQ各项评分均呈负相关，而血清25（OH）D₃水平与与各项肺功能指标以及PAQLQ各项评分均呈正相关（均P＜0.05）。结论：血清Gal-3、类胰蛋白酶、25（OH）D₃水平与哮喘患儿的肺功能以及生活质量密切相关，可能成为评估其病情及生活质量的可靠指标。     

血清BNP、Gal-3联合左房容积指数对非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术患者术后新发房颤的预测效能分析

摘要 目的：探讨血清B型脑钠肽（BNP）、半乳糖凝集素-3（Gal-3）联合左房容积指数（LAVI）对非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术（OPCAB）患者术后新发房颤的预测效能。方法：选择2020年1月至2022年1月我院心血管外科收治的196例拟行OPCAB患者，根据术后住院期间是否新发房颤将患者分为新发房颤组（36例）和非新发房颤组（160例）。检测两组血清BNP、Gal-3水平和LAVI，收集所有患者的临床资料。采用多因素Logistic回归分析OPCAB患者术后新发房颤的影响因素。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析BNP、Gal-3及LAVI预测OPCAB患者术后新发房颤的效能。结果：新发房颤组血清BNP、Gal-3水平及LAVI高于非新发房颤组（P＜0.05）。术后IABP辅助、年龄偏大、高水平BNP、高水平Gal-3、高LAVI是OPCAB患者术后新发房颤的危险因素（P＜0.05）。联合BNP、Gal-3和 LAVI预测OPCAB患者术后新发房颤的曲线下面积为0.872，高于BNP、Gal-3、LAVI单独检测的0.773、0.711、0.766。结论：OPCAB术后新发房颤患者血清BNP、Gal-3水平和LAVI均升高，上述指标均可辅助性预测OPCAB患者术后新发房颤的风险，且联合检测的预测效能更高。     

2型糖尿病足溃疡合并营养不良患者血清Tol样受体9、糖化血红蛋白、25羟维生素D检测的临床意义

摘要 目的：检测2型糖尿病足溃疡合并营养不良患者血清Tol样受体9（TLR9）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、25羟维生素D[25-(OH)D3]的水平，并分析其临床意义。方法：选择2018年3月~2019年3月我院收治的2型糖尿病足溃疡患者81例，根据预后营养指数（PNI）对患者营养状况进行评估并分组，PNI≤50患者作为营养不良组27例，PNI>50患者作为营养正常组54例，检测并比较两组营养指标、体重指数（BMI）、PNI值、血糖、血脂、TLR9、HbA1c、25-(OH)D3。结果：营养不良组患者PNI值、BMI、血清总蛋白（TP）、血清白蛋白（ALB）、血清前白蛋白（PA）显著低于营养正常组（P<0.05），而营养不良组患者空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖（PBG）显著高于营养正常组（P<0.05）。两组患者总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）水平无显著差异（P>0.05），营养不良组患者血清TLR9、HbA1c水平显著高于营养正常组（P<0.05），而25-(OH)D3水平显著低于营养正常组（P<0.05）。血清TLR9、HbA1c与PNI值、BMI、TP、ALB、PA均呈显著负相关关系（P<0.05），而与FBG、PBG呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）；血清25-(OH)D3与PNI值、BMI、TP、ALB、PA均呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05），而与FBG、PBG呈显著负相关关系（P<0.05）。结论：2型糖尿病足溃疡合并营养不良患者血清TLR9、HbA1c及25-(OH)D3水平与机体营养状况及血糖控制密切相关，有望成为患者疾病监测及营养风险评估的潜在指标。     

心力衰竭超声指数联合血清肌钙蛋白I、脑钠肽对老年舒张性心力衰竭患者不良心血管事件的预测价值分析

摘要 目的：研究心力衰竭超声指数（HFEI）联合血清肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、脑钠肽（BNP）对老年舒张性心力衰竭患者不良心血管事件（MACE）的预测价值。方法：将医院从2018年1月～2019年12月期间收治的80例老年舒张性心力衰竭患者纳入研究。将其按照随访1年结局的差异分作研究组（发生MACE）35例和对照组（未发生MACE）45例。检测并比较两组HFEI以及血清cTnI、BNP水平，同时分析两组基线资料以及心功能指标水平的差异。通过多因素Logistic回归分析明确MACE的相关影响因素，并以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析HFEI以及血清cTnI、BNP联合预测MACE的效能。结果：研究组HFEI以及血清cTnI、BNP水平均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。研究组年龄和左室舒张末期内径（LVEDd均高于对照组，而左室射血分数（LVEF）、二尖瓣血流频谱E峰和A峰比值（E/A）比值均低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。经多因素Logistic回归分析可得：HFEI以及血清cTnI、BNP水平均是老年舒张性心力衰竭患者MACE的独立危险因素（均OR＞1，P＜0.05）。经ROC曲线分析可得：HFEI以及血清cTnI、BNP联合预测MACE的曲线下面积、灵敏度、特异度、约登指数均高于上述三项指标单独检测。结论：HFEI以及血清cTnI、BNP在预测老年舒张性心力衰竭患者MACE方面的价值较高，值得临床推广应用。     

老年原发性骨质疏松症患者血清25-羟维生素D水平检测及与骨代谢指标的相关性分析

摘要 目的：检测并分析老年原发性骨质疏松症患者血清25-羟维生素D [25-(OH)D]水平及其与骨代谢指标的相关性。方法：选取2013年4月到2019年5月期间在我院接受治疗的老年原发性骨质疏松症患者166例作为骨质疏松组，另选取同期在我院进行体检的无骨质疏松老年人群117例作为无骨质疏松组。检测所有研究对象的血清25-(OH)D、I型胶原氨基酸延长肽（PINP）、β-胶原特殊序列（β-CTX）、N-端骨钙素（N-MID）的水平，并分析血清25-(OH)D与骨代谢指标的相关性。结果：166例老年原发性骨质疏松症患者的血清25-(OH)D水平为（16.82±4.52）ng/mL，其中维生素D缺乏64例、占38.56%，维生素D不足72例、占43.37%，维生素D正常30例，占18.07%。不同性别的老年原发性骨质疏松症患者的血清25-(OH)D水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），不同性别的老年原发性骨质疏松症患者的维生素D缺乏、不足、正常占比比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。骨质疏松组血清25-(OH)D水平明显低于无骨质疏松组（P<0.05），骨质疏松组血清β-CTX水平明显高于无骨质疏松组（P<0.05），骨质疏松组和无骨质疏松组的血清PINP、N-MID水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经Pearson相关分析显示，老年原发性骨质疏松症患者的血清25-(OH)D与β-CTX呈负相关（P<0.05），与PINP、N-MID无明显的相关性（P>0.05）。结论：老年原发性骨质疏松症患者存在明显的维生素D缺乏、不足，但无明显的性别差异，血清25-(OH)D与β-CTX呈负相关，联合检测血清25-(OH)D和?茁-CTX有助于老年原发性骨质疏松症的早期诊断和治疗。     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.     

Definitions,measurements, and classifications of stimuli,situations, and environments

A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings. Note from the editors: From time to time, Human Ecology will publish a review article. Our first in this series is a review by a psychologist of basic definitional and conceptual problems in environmental studies.This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Educational Testing Service. The support of ETS and my colleagues in the Division of Psychological Studies is gratefully acknowledged. The review was also supported in part by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council.     

Indians, Markets, and Rainforests: Theory, Methods, and Analysis

Indians, Markets, and Rainforests: Theory, Methods, and Analysis. Ricardo A. Godoy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. 274 pp.     

Exercise, dobutamine, and combined atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine compared

We compared the cardiovascular effects evoked in conscious dogs by 1) submaximal exercise; 2) infusion of dobutamine (40 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1); and 3) infusion of a combination of atropine (0.15 mg/kg), norepinephrine (0.19 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), and epinephrine (0.05 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1). Myocardial O2 demand, as estimated by the double product (heart rate X systolic blood pressure), was similar during all three interventions. Cardiac output and heart rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) during each of the three interventions. Arteriovenous O2 difference and total body O2 consumption, however, increased only during submaximal exercise. Although myocardial blood flow increased similarly during each of the three interventions, blood flow to skeletal muscle and the tongue increased only during exercise. Exercise and the combined infusion of atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine produced similar increases in blood flow to the diaphragm and similar decreases in blood flow to the stomach. These changes in blood flow were associated with appropriate changes in vascular resistance. Additionally, blood flow to the brain, kidney, adrenal glands, liver, and intestine did not change during any of the three interventions. Thus, in dogs, submaximal exercise, infusion of dobutamine, and infusion of a combination of atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine to evoke a given level of estimated myocardial O2 consumption produce similar increases in cardiac output, heart rate, and myocardial blood flow. In contrast, the changes in total body O2 consumption, arteriovenous O2 difference, regional blood flow, and regional vascular resistance that occur during each of these three interventions are different.     

Cadmium transport, resistance, and toxicity in bacteria, algae, and fungi

Cadmium is an important environmental pollutant and a potent toxicant to bacteria, algae, and fungi. Mechanisms of Cd toxicity and resistance are variable, depending on the organism. It is very clear that the form of the metal and the environment it is studied in, play an important role in how Cd exerts its effect and how the organism(s) responds. A wide range of Cd concentrations have been used to designate resistance in organisms. To date, no concentration has been specified that is applicable to all species studied under standardized conditions. Cadmium exerts its toxic effect(s) over a wide range of concentrations. In most cases, algae and cyanobacteria are the most sensitive organisms, whereas bacteria and fungi appear to be more resistant. In some bacteria, plasmid-encoded resistance can lead to reduced Cd2+ uptake. However, some Gram-negative bacteria without plasmids are just as resistant to Cd as are bacteria containing plasmids encoding for Cd resistance. According to Silver and Misra (1984), there is no evidence for enzymatic or chemical transformations associated with Cd resistance. Insufficient information is available on the genetics of Cd uptake and resistance in cyanobacteria and algae. Mechanisms remain largely unknown at this point in time. Cadmium is toxic to these organisms, causing severe inhibition of such physiological processes as growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogen fixation at concentrations less than 2 ppm, and often in the ppb range (Tables 2 and 3). Cadmium also causes pronounced morphological aberrations in these organisms, which are probably related to deleterious effects on cell division. This may be direct or indirect, as a result of Cd effects on protein synthesis and cellular organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Cadmium is accumulated internally in algae (Table 4) as a result of a two-phase uptake process. The first phase involves a rapid physicochemical adsorption of Cd onto cell wall binding sites, which are probably proteins and (or) polysaccharides. This is followed by a lag period and then a slow, steady intracellular uptake. This latter phase is energy dependent and may involve transport systems used to accumulate other divalent cations, such as Mn2+ and Ca2+. Some data indicate that Cd resistance, and possibly uptake, in algae and cyanobacteria is controlled by a plasmid-encoded gene(s). Although considerable information is available on Cd toxicity to, and uptake in fungi, further work is clearly needed in several areas. There is little information about Cd uptake by filamentous fungi, and even in yeasts, information on the specificity, kinetics, and mechanisms of Cd uptake is limited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Pericytes: developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises

Pericytes, the mural cells of blood microvessels, have recently come into focus as regulators of vascular morphogenesis and function during development, cardiovascular homeostasis, and disease. Pericytes are implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy and tissue fibrosis, and they are potential stromal targets for cancer therapy. Some pericytes are probably mesenchymal stem or progenitor cells, which give rise to adipocytes, cartilage, bone, and muscle. However, there is still confusion about the identity, ontogeny, and progeny of pericytes. Here, we review the history of these investigations, indicate emerging concepts, and point out problems and promise in the field of pericyte biology.