不同浓度Ni、Cu处理对骆驼蓬光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响水

以骆驼蓬幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度(0、50、100、200、400 mg·kg-1)Ni、Cu处理对骆驼蓬叶片光合作用、叶绿素荧光特性及生长状况的影响.结果表明:随着Ni浓度的增加,骆驼蓬幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PS Ⅱ电子传递量子产率(φpsⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)及各项生长指标均呈显著下降趋势,而细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)和非光化学猝灭系数(qn)呈显著增加趋势,其中Pn的下降主要是由非气孔限制所致;骆驼蓬幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv/Fm、φpsⅡ、qp及各项生长指标均在50 mg·kg-1Cu处理时达到峰值,叶绿素a和b、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv/Fm及各项生长指标值在100 mg·kg-1Cu处理时仍微高于对照,而后随Cu浓度的增加,光合色素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv/Fm、φpsⅡ、qp及各项生长指标均呈下降趋势,qN呈增加趋势,其中Pn的下降主要是由气孔限制所致.     

外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对盐胁迫下黄连幼苗光合参数及其叶绿素荧光特性的影响

该实验以2年生黄连幼苗为材料,在100mmol·L-1的NaCl模拟盐胁迫条件下,经不同浓度的外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)处理后,测定黄连幼苗光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数及气体交换参数等光合生理指标的变化,探寻提高黄连幼苗在盐胁迫条件下抗性能力的途径。结果显示:(1)NaCl胁迫下黄连幼苗的光合生理受到显著抑制,在经过不同浓度的ALA处理后,显著提高了叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等光合色素的含量。(2)盐胁迫下,黄连植株的的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)及叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)均发生下降,并且随着胁迫时间和胁迫浓度的增加下降幅度逐渐增大,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则呈上升趋势,说明盐胁迫下黄连净光合速率降低的主要影响因素是非气孔因素。(3)用ALA处理后,黄连的Pn、Gs及Tr均有不同程度的提高,Ci也有不同程度的降低,并且不同的浓度梯度存在着显著的效果差异。(4)ALA处理还提高了最大荧光(Fm,1.234)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm,0.849)、PSⅡ有效光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′,0.685)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ,0.545)和光化学淬灭系数(qP,0.872)的水平,有效降低了初始荧光(F0,0.211)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ,0.251)的水平。研究表明,外源ALA通过提高黄连幼苗叶片的光合色素含量,减少过剩激发能的耗散,提高光合电子传递效率,有效缓解了盐胁迫对黄连叶片PSⅡ的伤害,提高了植株的抗盐能力。     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合作用的影响

采用营养液栽培,研究了外源亚精胺对50mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗植株生长、叶片叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数(PSⅡ光化学效率)的影响。结果表明:NaCl胁迫显著降低了黄瓜植株生长量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)(P<0.05),但对PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭(qP)、有效光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)、非光化学淬灭(qN)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)无显著影响(P>0.05);外源亚精胺显著提高了盐胁迫下黄瓜植株生长量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度,增加了ФPSⅡ、qP、Fv′/Fm′,降低了qN(P<0.05);外源亚精胺对Fv/Fm影响不显著(P>0.05)。外源施加亚精胺可增强盐胁迫下黄瓜植株的光合能力,主要是由于减弱了盐胁迫对植株的气孔限制,但对PSⅡ实际光化学效率影响较小,且叶面喷施比根施处理对改善盐胁迫下植株的生长和光合作用更有效。     

重金属对盐生草光合生理生长特性的影响

以盐生草幼苗为试验材料,分别设置0(CK)、50、100、200、400μg?g-1的Ni2+、Cu2+处理,研究重金属Ni2+和Cu2+对盐生草光合生理特性的影响.结果表明:盐生草叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度Gs、蒸腾速率Tr、PSⅡ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、非光化学猝灭系数qN及生长指标(株高、地上部干重和鲜重)在50μg?g-1的Ni2+处理时均达到最大值,后随Ni2+浓度继续增加,其叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率ΦPSⅡ、光化学猝灭系数qP、qN及各项生长指标逐步下降并低于对照水平,而细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)较对照呈增加趋势.在50μg?g-1的Cu2+处理时,盐生草叶片光合色素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP、qN及各项生长指标均达峰值;在100μg?g-1Cu2+处理时,光合色素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qN及各项生长指标较对照仍有增加,而后随Cu2+浓度继续增加,其叶绿素a、叶绿素b、各光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数及生长指标均逐步降低并低于对照.可见,盐生草Pn在Ni2+胁迫下的下降主要是由非气孔限制所致,而Cu2+胁迫下的下降主要是由气孔限制所致;低浓度Ni2+和Cu2+对盐生草生长具有一定促进作用,过高浓度Ni2+和Cu2+则会通过抑制盐生草叶片叶绿素合成,影响其光合作用,从而抑制植株生长.     

温州蜜柑叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光对低温的响应

研究了低温对温州蜜柑叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光的影响 ,结果表明 :(1) 8℃低温处理 18h对气体交换和叶绿素荧光影响不大。 (2 ) 2℃低温处理 15h后 ,净光合速率 (Pn)、气孔导度 (Gs)、羧化效率 (CE)下降 ,胞间CO2 浓度 (Ci)升高 ,表观量子效率 (AQY)和叶绿素荧光参数F0 及Fv/Fm没有显著变化。 (3)室外自然低温处理 2和 7d ,Pn、Gs、CE、饱和CO2 光合速率、AQY及Fv/Fm显著下降 ,Ci及F0 显著升高 ;在 2 0℃室内 ,Fv/Fm、F0 和AQY比CE和Pn恢复快。 (4 )低温胁迫使Jf(依据叶绿素荧光参数计算所得的电子传递速率 )和Jc(依据CO2 同化测定所得的电子传递速率 )下降 ,Jf/Jc 值升高。 (5 )低温处理降低了Pn和光呼吸速率 (Pr) ,但Pr下降的速率小于Pn下降的速率     

钴在蚕豆中的积累分布及其对叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以6叶期蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)幼苗为材料,用不同浓度钴(0、20、40、80、120mg·kg-1)土培处理14d,研究不同浓度钴处理对蚕豆体内钴的富集和分布特征,以及叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、光合作用参数、生长指标和POD、SOD、CAT活性的影响。结果显示:(1)蚕豆的根、茎、叶均能吸收一定量的钴,但不同器官间积累量有显著差异,并表现为根叶茎,且在不同钴浓度处理下根吸收量也存在显著差异。(2)不同浓度钴处理下,蚕豆叶片叶绿素(a、b)含量、气孔导度(Gs)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)等参数与对照组相比表现出0~40mg·kg-1浓度下促进,40~120mg·kg-1浓度下抑制,而净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)以及光系统Ⅱ最小荧光(F0)、最大荧光(Fm)表现为在0~80mg·kg-1浓度下促进,80~120mg·kg-1浓度下抑制,蒸腾速率(Tr)和类胡萝卜素含量则在各浓度下一直表现为促进,并且以上光合作用相关参数与对照组相比都在40mg·kg-1浓度下促进作用达到最大。(3)蚕豆幼苗的根长、株高、生物量以及抗氧化酶POD、SOD和CAT活性均随着钴浓度增加表现出先升高后降低的趋势。研究表明,蚕豆的根、茎、叶均能积累钴,且吸收量有随土壤钴浓度增加而增加的趋势,但以根部的富集能力最强、积累量最大;低浓度钴可以诱导蚕豆中抗氧化酶活性增强,促进其叶片光合色素含量、光合作用效率提高和植株生长发育,而高浓度钴则表现出相反趋势,抑制蚕豆的光合效率和生长发育。     

不同遮荫条件下罗布麻光合特性的初步研究

用便携式光合测定仪和叶绿素荧光仪测定了不同遮荫条件下罗布麻叶片的光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数.结果显示:遮荫50%和70%处理较全光照的罗布麻叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和光饱和点(LSP)分别降低47%和65%、45%和68%、20.41%和37.45%,而表观量子效率(AQY)分别提高33%和36%;不同遮荫下罗布麻的叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)均比全光照降低.研究表明,罗布麻虽对弱光有一定适应能力,但遮荫仍产生明显的弱光抑制而显著降低其光合效率,影响其正常生长.     

镉胁迫对金丝垂柳幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究土壤中不同浓度的镉(0、2、20、80 mg·kg-1)胁迫条件对金丝垂柳幼苗的生长、净光合速率(Pn)、光合色素含量及叶绿素荧光参数（Fv/Fm、φPsⅡ和qP）的影响.结果表明:(1)2 mg·kg-1处理组植物的生长、净光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数随着处理时间的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,说明2...     

土壤水分对湿地松幼苗光合特征的影响

通过设置常规供水(CK)、轻度干旱(T1)、水饱和(T2)、水淹(T3)4个处理组,研究湿地松当年实生幼苗在不同土壤水分条件下的光合生理响应及叶绿素荧光特性。结果表明:不同水分处理对湿地松幼苗的叶片气体交换参数、水分利用效率(WUE)、光合色素、叶绿素荧光参数等指标有不同的影响;其中,T3的光合色素含量最低;T2、T3组的湿地松幼苗表现出较低的净光合速率(Pn)、电子传递速率(ETR)和PSⅡ光化学的量子效应(ΦPSⅡ),但与其他耐水淹植物相比,T3条件下的湿地松幼苗仍具有较高的Pn,说明湿地松幼苗具有较强的耐水淹能力;在T1条件下,湿地松幼苗具有较高的WUE和较低的蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)以对抗干旱的逆境,其Pn、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、ETR和ΦPSII均有所下降,但仍能维持在相对正常的水平。研究证明,湿地松幼苗具有一定的耐淹耐旱特性,可运用于三峡库区消落带的植被重建。     

模拟酸雨对龙眼叶片气体交换和叶绿素a荧光参数的影响（英文）

 研究了模拟酸雨对龙眼(Dimorcarpus longana)叶片气体交换和叶绿素a荧光参数的影响,结果表明：酸雨胁迫抑制龙眼光合作用,受胁迫叶片光补偿点上升。pH 3.0的酸雨处理6 h后叶片气体交换和叶绿素a荧光参数下降,停止处理后72 h可以恢复。pH 2.5的酸雨处理6 h后净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度(Cs)、蒸腾速率（Tr）,叶绿素a荧光参数Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、PSII非环式电子传递的量子产量（ΦPSⅡ）、荧光下降比值（Rfd）、非光化学猝灭系数（qN）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）急剧下降,停     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.