中国伞形科狭义当归属果实表面微形态特征及其分类学研究

采用扫描电镜方法对中国31种狭义当归属植物的果实表面微形态特征进行了观察比较,结果表明:(1)狭义当归属植物外果皮细胞轮廓均不可见,但依据表面突起度可将其分为粗糙型和平滑型。(2)表面蜡质纹饰主要为粗条状和细线状,并呈现出或疏或密的交错或平行排布。(3)表面附属结构主要包括表皮毛、皮刺以及根枝状和块状结构等,并具有或多或少的颗粒状分泌物。上述果实表面微形态特征均表现出较丰富的多样性和一定的规律性,可作为狭义当归属果实形态研究的重要补充,为其物种鉴别和种间关系研究提供重要的参考依据。据此,该研究将31种狭义当归属植物分为4种类型:类型Ⅰ.果实表面无显著的蜡质纹饰,包括大巴山当归、带岭当归、紫花前胡和峨眉当归等4种;类型Ⅱ.果实表面有蜡质纹饰且较平滑,包括阿坝当归和东川当归等10种;类型Ⅲ.果实表面粗糙并有交错蜡质纹饰,包括城口当归和朝鲜当归等9种;类型Ⅳ.果实表面粗糙并有平行蜡质纹饰,包括东当归和当归等8种。本研究亦对属下的分类鉴定和部分近缘种的鉴别进行了探讨。     

滇芎属与瘤果芹属果实表面微形态特征及其分类学意义

对中国伞形科滇芎属(Physosperm opsisW olff)和瘤果芹属(TrachydiumL ind l.)12个种的果实表面微形态特征进行了扫描电镜比较观察。根据果实棱槽、外果皮细胞轮廓和蜡条纹饰的特征,这2个属的果实表面微形态可划分为3种类型:1)棱槽平滑-外果皮细胞轮廓不可见-无或少蜡质纹饰型;2)棱槽具瘤-外果皮细胞轮廓不可见-蜡质纹饰近平直或线纹型;3)棱槽粗糙-外果皮细胞呈4~6边形-蜡质纹饰波纹或网纹型。在此基础上,结合形态学特征探讨了滇芎属与瘤果芹属之间的关系和属下种间关系。     

23种伞形科植物果实形态及其分类学意义

该实验采用徒手切片法对伞形科17属23种植物的果实进行了外部形态和解剖特征的观察,结果表明:伞形科果实有背腹压扁、两侧压扁和不压扁3种类型;侧棱有宽、有窄;油管的分布有棱槽单油管型和棱槽多油管型;花柱基多数为圆锥状,少数种的花柱基为扁平垫状;萼齿明显或不明显。通过进一步对属间和属内果实解剖特征的比较得出:(1)果实表面被钩刺或刚毛及果棱特征在属间差异明显,在属内表现出一致性,可作为伞形科属间分类的依据。(2)果实横切面的形状、胚乳腹面的凹凸以及萼齿的形态特征在属内种间的分类研究中有重要的意义。基于果实形态特征,编制了17属23种植物的分种检索表。     

四川当归属8种植物果实和叶柄解剖学研究

通过对四川当归属植物果实的解剖研究表明,果实均背腹压扁,背棱槽油管多为1,合生面油管多为2,在少数种间有一定差异,如茂汶当归和紫花前胡合生面多于2;侧棱翅状,较果体宽,或与果体近等宽,也有的窄于果体;胚乳腹面微凹或平直．偶有凸出。果实的油管特征、侧棱翅发达程度和胚乳的形状等特征可以为种间关系提供参考。叶柄类型多样,包括圆环型、“西”型、星散型等。叶柄横切面的形状、近轴面沟槽的有无、髓腔的有无以及叶柄横切面上维管束的数目和排列类型等特征比较稳定,并且具有明显的种间差异,可以作为本属分类的重要依据。     

山东莎草属植物果实形状及果皮微形态研究

利用扫描电镜对山东分布的18种莎草属植物的果实形状及果皮微形态进行了观察研究。结果表明,莎草属植物果实为椭圆状、倒卵状或卵状三棱形,顶端具柱状或锥状短喙;果皮微形态可分为:网-疣复合纹饰、网状纹饰、疣状纹饰和无规则突起纹饰4种类型;果皮微形态类型的划分与基于宏观形态特征的传统分类关联较小,但在该属形态相近的种间存在明显差异,可作为种间划分的依据。果皮微形态证据支持将水莎草属(Juncellus)、砖子苗属(Mariscus)和断节莎属(Torulinium)归入莎草属(Cyperus)的分类观点。     

北京7种鬼针草属植物果实微形态特征及其系统学意义

采用扫描电镜方法对北京地区鬼针草属植物7个种的果实微形态特征进行了观察、比较。结果表明:(1)7种鬼针草属植物瘦果的果体形状、表面棱的数目、芒刺(冠毛)数目及其上倒刺数目和生长位置等特征可以作为鉴定各种的重要形态学依据。(2)根据果皮在扫描电镜下表面纹饰类型及表皮细胞形状等特征,可将7种鬼针草分为两类:一类果皮表面为典型的网纹纹饰,表皮细胞呈不规则多边形,细胞界限明显;另一类果皮表面为条状网纹或纵条纹纹饰,表皮细胞呈长圆形或长条形,细胞界限不明显。由于7个种的果皮表面纹饰有着明显的差异和各自的特点,并与根据叶形、地理分布及分子等证据得出的系统亲缘关系结果基本相符,表明这一特征可能具有一定的系统学意义。     

广西蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅱ.铁角蕨属

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西产9种铁角蕨属植物即拟狭翅铁角蕨、黑柄铁角蕨、剑叶铁角蕨、长生铁角蕨、岭南铁角蕨、石生铁角蕨、阴湿铁角蕨、半边铁角蕨和细裂铁角蕨植物的孢子形态进行了观察,对每个种的形态特征进行了详细描述,其中5种铁角蕨属植物孢子的表面纹饰为首次报道。结果如下:9种铁角蕨属植物孢子都为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形或近圆形,赤道面观为肾形、椭圆形或近圆形。主要纹饰类型有翅脊状纹饰、翅状纹饰和脊状纹饰类型。讨论了各种间的差异。为铁角蕨属的分类和系统演化研究提供孢粉学的资料。     

福建荸荠属果皮微形态学研究

本文报道了在立体显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下对福建荸荠属8种、1变种植物果实表皮微形态特征的观察结果。根据果皮纹饰的不同,可分为两种类型:网状纹饰、拟网状纹饰;荸荠属植物果实表皮微形态特征具有丰富的多样性,表型可塑性小,不同类群之间具有明显的种间差异。观察结果表明:荸荠属果实表皮微形态特征是该属分类与系统研究中不可忽视的性状。     

绢蒿属8种植物果实微形态特征及其分类学意义

为寻找绢蒿属系统学的新证据,应用解剖镜和扫描电镜对我国8种绢蒿属植物的果实微形态特征进行了比较观察。结果表明,绢蒿属8种植物果实形状相似性较高,呈倒卵形或长倒卵形,直或稍弯曲;果脐圆形,常偏向一侧;顶端中央均可见花柱残留物,边缘具衣领状环;果实表面纹饰为搓板状和不规则皱褶纹饰。这些果实微形态特征中,果实的表面纹饰具有一定的差异,特别是次级结构,可作为绢蒿属植物区分种的参考性状之一。     

井冈山地区18种唇形科植物果实形状及表面微形态特征研究

采用扫描电镜方法对井冈山地区18种唇形科植物的果实形状与表面微形态特征进行观察比较。结果表明：18种唇形科植物果实形状多样,可分为矩圆形、圆形、卵形、三棱形、球形和椭圆形6类;外果皮表面细胞形状为4~6边形、不规则形和细胞形状不可见;依据外果皮表面凸起度可分为平滑型、凹陷型和凸起型3类;外果皮表面蜡质纹饰复杂多样,有平滑无纹饰、负网状纹饰、网状纹饰兼具疣状或瘤状凸起和网状纹饰兼具次级条纹4类;外果皮表面附属结构主要包括表皮毛和丝状结构,并具有或多或少的鳞片状或颗粒状分泌物。18种唇形科植物果实形状和外果皮表面微形态特征均表现出丰富的多样性,可为唇形科属间和种间亲缘关系研究提供重要的分类学依据。     

绣球属(Hydrangea L.)及近缘属花粉形态的研究

为深入研究绣球属植物花粉形态的分类学价值和系统学意义,厘清绣球属与近缘属之间的系统发育关系,该文利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM,scanning electron microscope)对国产绣球属及其近缘属41种绣球花科(Hydrangeaceae)植物的花粉形态以及表面纹饰进行了观察。结果表明:绣球属及其近缘属的花粉为三孔沟;形状多数为长圆体形或近球体形;赤道面观为椭圆形或圆形;极面观多为圆形,少数为三角形或圆三角形。花粉外壁纹饰可分为网状和孔穴状。网眼内的三级纹饰可分为光滑和具颗粒状突起。根据花粉形状和外壁纹饰类型将上述物种划分为4个组,即花粉的形状为长圆体形,表面纹饰为孔穴纹饰;花粉的形状为长圆体形,表面纹饰为网状纹饰;花粉的形状为近球体形,表面纹饰为孔穴纹饰;花粉的形状为近球体形,表面纹饰为网状纹饰。以上可进一步细分为8个类型。上述表明花粉形态证据可为绣球属及其近缘属的属下分类和种间界定提供重要佐证;但结合前人的系统发育重建分析该属植物花粉形态的系统学意义相对有限,如花粉形态证据对于该属及其近缘种属系统发育树上大支的界定难以提供有力的证据。     

Angelica oncosepala and Heracleum yunnanense are synonyms and refer to a species of Tetrataenium (Apiaceae)

Heracleum yunnanense Franchet is a poorly known taxon known only from the type collection. Angelica oncosepala Handel‐Mazzetti was originally described as a member of Angelica and later placed in Heracleum as Heracleum oncosepalum (Handel‐Mazzetti) Pimenov & Kljuykov. The generic taxonomy of Apiaceae has been largely based on the morphology and anatomy of the fruit. In this study, various characters of A. oncosepala are found to be identical with H. yunnanense. In addition, we discovered that H. yunnanense and A. oncosepala have well developed narrowly keeled dorsal and intermediate ribs, broadly winged marginal ribs, 1 vittae in dorsal valleculae, 2 in lateral valleculae, 4 on commissure and linear vittae, as do members of Tetrataenium, but not congruent with species of Heracleum. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated nuclear ITS and ETS sequences also suggested that A. oncosepala and H. yunnanense should be merged and placed in Tetrataenium. The species name H. yunnanense is the oldest available and Tetrataenium yunnanense (Franch.) Manden is only invalidly published, so we propose the new combination Tetrataenium yunnanense (Franch.) Manden. ex Q. Y. Xiao & X. J. He, and treat A. oncosepala, H. oncosepalum and H. yunnanense as its synonyms.     

Billburttia, a new genus of Apiaceae (tribe Apieae) endemic to Madagascar

The genus Billburttia is described to include two new species endemic to Madagascar, B. capensoides and B. vaginoides. Both species were tentatively placed within the problematic genus Peucedanum L. (as Peucedanum sp. A and Peucedanum sp. B) based on their dorsally compressed fruits lacking prominent dorsal ribs and with winged marginal ribs. Recently, however, the African members of Peucedanum have been shown to be only distantly related to the type of the genus and have therefore been segregated into six African endemic genera. While the Malagasy species appear superficially similar to members from one of these segregate genera, viz. Notobubon, they differ markedly in their fruit anatomical characters, notably a narrower commissure, six commissural vittae, vascular tissue in the tip of the ribs and sphaerocrystals distributed in and around the epidermis. The latter two characters apparently represent apomorphies for Billburttia. The non-peucedanoid affinity of the genus, as suggested by the fruit anatomical data, was confirmed using ITS and rps16 intron sequences. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses of these data place Billburttia within the tribe Apieae of subfamily Apioideae and not closely related to either Peucedanum (Selineae) or the African peucedanoid genera (Lefebvrea clade of Tordylieae).     

春黄菊族6属植物种子的微形态特征

应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对春黄菊族6属10种的种子微形态特征进行了比较观察。结果表明:10种种子在种子形态、表面纹饰、脐处的喙状突起、种子端的衣领状环等方面都表现出丰富的多样性,例如茼蒿的穴状和芫荽菊的细胞状纹饰等,具有明显的属级水平上的分类特征;在系和种级水平上,微形态特征虽有相似性,但仍具有一定的分类学价值,如龙蒿系圆头蒿的沟壑状纹饰和猪毛蒿系猪毛蒿的搓板状纹饰等。说明春黄菊族植物丰富的种子微形态特征在其系统分类中具有重要的参考价值;本研究结果支持栉叶蒿属、紊蒿属、茼蒿属独立成属的观点。     

Fruits of Heterocoma (Vernonieae‐Lychnophorinae): taxonomic significance and a new pattern of phytomelanin deposition in Asteraceae

Heterocoma is a Brazilian endemic genus resulting from the dismemberment of Sipolisiinae, in which only representatives with fruit containing phytomelanin were included in the genus. As the fruits of Asteraceae are known to be systematically important at various taxonomic levels and Heterocoma fruit has not been described previously, we studied the morphology and anatomy of the cypselas of all species of the genus, comparing them with other fruits in the family containing phytomelanin and evaluating the systematic potential at the specific and tribal levels. The fruits were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy. The morphological features of the fruit, including the carpopodium, ribs and pappi, varied in the genus and demonstrated potential for species discrimination. The anatomy showed a pattern for the genus with a uniseriate exocarp, the outer mesocarp composed of fibres arranged in several layers, the inner mesocarp composed of several layers of parenchyma, the endocarp, and phytomelanin deposited between the inner and outer mesocarp. This anatomical pattern of phytomelanin deposition differs from that of other Asteraceae with phytomelanin in their fruit. Heterocoma is also the only genus in Vernonieae that has phytomelanin deposition in the cypselas. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179 , 255–265.     

Molecular phylogeny and divergence time of the water penny genus Eubrianax (Coleoptera: Psephenidae) in Japan

The phylogenetic relationships among the Japanese members of the genus Eubrianax (Coleoptera: Psephenidae) were examined using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and nuclear 28S rRNA gene sequences. Based on the molecular phylogeny as well as morphological features, the species status of Eubrianax brunneicornis Nakane, 1952 was proposed. The phylogenetic analyses recovered monophyly of the previously proposed pellucidus species group with four Japanese species, whereas a single Japanese species of the granicollis group was included in the lineage of the ramicornis group with five Japanese species. The divergence times of the species were estimated by dating the phylogenetic tree against the fossil record and a molecular clock based on the COI gene. The divergence of the Japanese species was inferred to have occurred during the Pliocene epoch.     

Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of Japanese Lilium species

 The DNA from 16 Lilium species and one variety endemic to or naturalized in Japan were obtained and their internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) were amplified by PCR and sequenced by cycle sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences supported the validity of Comber’s classification system. It has also provided molecular evidence for the transfer of Lilium dauricum to sect. Sinomartagon. The phylogenetic relationships revealed by ITS DNA analysis were supported by previously published crossability data. The molecular phylogeny of Japanese Lilium species was discussed with reference to the putative migration routes of these species. Received: 30 June 1998 / Accepted: 19 October 1998     

中国特有属——羌活属的系统分类研究

对伞形疠羌活属Ｎｏｔｏｐｔｅｒｙｇｉｕｍ Ｂｏｉｓｓｉｅｕ植物进行综合研究,包括花粉形态,叶气孔类型以及叶柄、果实的解剖观察,在此基础上讨论了羌活属的系统位置,并对该属的特征、种类分布作了修订,文中列出该属的分种检索表。其中叶柄、果实的形态解剖以及气孔类型均为首次报道。