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1.
种子休眠是植物在长期发育过程中形成的对不良环境条件主动适应的现象。介绍了常见药用植物种子休眠的原因,根据休眠原因对种子休眠与萌发的影响将种子休眠划分的几种类型,总结了对不同休眠类型的种子应分别采用的休眠解除方法,并评述了目前的研究进展。  相似文献   

2.
以酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’(红)和‘霞多丽’(白)为试材,通过考察其自然休眠过程和打破休眠(单氰胺处理)过程中冬芽组织活性氧及抗氧化系统的变化,探讨葡萄休眠机制。结果表明:(1)在陕西杨陵地区,早熟品种‘霞多丽’在12月20日左右进入深度休眠,第2年1月29日进入休眠解除阶段;晚熟品种‘赤霞珠’在1月9日左右达到深度休眠,2月18日左右进入休眠解除阶段;单氰胺处理可促进葡萄休眠的解除。(2)葡萄休眠过程中,活性氧O2.-和H2O2含量在休眠初期逐渐增加,深度休眠时含量最高,休眠解除过程中含量降低,从而促进休眠的解除;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在休眠中一直降低,休眠解除后活性上升;过氧化物酶(POD)活性在休眠前期较低,随后活性上升,休眠解除过程中活性又降低;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在休眠过程中持续上升,随后维持在较高水平;抗坏血酸-还原态的谷胱甘肽(ASA-GSH)循环在休眠前期较弱,休眠解除过程中逐渐增强。研究发现,葡萄进入休眠后,其冬芽抗氧化能力逐渐降低,至深度休眠时抗氧化能力降至最低,随着低温积累需冷量得到满足,活化了抗氧化系统进而抗氧化能力迅速提高,休眠被解除。  相似文献   

3.
豆科植物种子物理性休眠解除机制的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
物理性休眠普遍存在于豆科植物种子中,其休眠解除机制的研究对阐明自然条件下种群的繁殖更新、生态环境恢复及种质资源的保存等都具有重要意义.本文对国内外关于影响种子休眠解除的环境因素(温度与温度的波动、湿度或土壤含水量)和生物因素(动物捕食、微生物感染等),休眠解除的结构基础,以及各种因子作用于种子的方式和部位的研究进展进行综述,并简要评述了休眠解除机制的二阶段和四阶段假说,以期为豆科植物种子休眠的进一步研究提供参考.  相似文献   

4.
盐生植物种子的休眠解除及萌发的特特点   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文讨论了盐生植物种子的休眠、休眠解除及萌发的特点,主要内容有:⑴盐生植物种子的休眠类型;⑵打破盐生植物种子休眠的必要条件;⑶盐生种子萌发与土壤盐度的关系。并讨论了盐度抑制盐生植物种子的机理。最后,作者提出了将来研究盐生植物种子萌发需要解决的几个重点问题以及研究盐生植物种子体眠和萌发问题的意义。  相似文献   

5.
二球悬铃木冬芽休眠的温度特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
刘震  王国霞  蒋建平 《生态学报》2006,26(9):2870-2876
为了探讨树木冬芽休眠与分布的相互关系以及悬铃木冬芽休眠机理,研究了悬铃木冬芽休眠的温度特性.结果表明:(1)悬铃木冬芽具有浅冬休眠特性,在25℃条件下即使深休眠期的冬芽也能够部分萌发,萌芽率达到40﹪~60﹪,但在15~20℃低温下不能萌发,而随着经历低温量的增加,休眠逐渐得到解除,在春季的10~15℃低温下也能萌发;(2)悬铃木冬芽的休眠解除的低温范围较大,5℃与12℃具有同样的低温效果,15℃也有较大的低温效果,甚至20℃也有低温效果,不同于温带树种,但与横跨亚热带与暖温带分布的山桐子相似;(3)9~10月份为悬铃木的休眠导入期,10月下旬进入深休眠期,同时进入休眠解除期,经过冬季低温信号的诱导,休眠得以解除,保证春季冬芽的正常萌发;(4)悬铃木冬芽能否萌发取决于芽鳞的阻碍作用力与生长点、叶原基或花原基萌发力的平衡状态,当阻碍力大于萌发力表现为冬芽不能萌发,当阻碍力小于萌发力表现为冬芽的萌发;(5)芽鳞除了具有阻碍作用和抵御冬季寒冷干燥气候外,还具有利用冬季低温解除其休眠的作用,在解除其休眠的过程中既提高了生长点、叶原基或花原基的萌发力,也降低了芽鳞的阻碍力;(6)悬铃木冬芽内的主芽和副芽休眠特性不同,在主芽萌芽能力弱时,副芽的萌芽能力增强,反之,主芽萌芽力强时,副芽的萌发就会受到抑制,当主芽能够经过冬季低温解除休眠能够萌发时,冬芽内的副芽重新进入休眠状态,可能是系统维持的一种生态适应;(7)二球悬铃木能横跨亚热带与暖温带广泛栽培正是由悬铃木冬芽休眠的生理生态特性决定的.  相似文献   

6.
盐生植物种子的休眠、休眠解除及萌发的特点   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文讨论了盐生植物种子的休眠、休眠解除及萌发的特点,主要内容有:(1) 盐生植物种子的休眠类型;(2) 打破盐生植物种子休眠的必要条件;(3) 盐生种子萌发与土壤盐度的关系。并讨论了盐度抑制盐生植物种子的机理。最后,作者提出了将来研究盐生植物种子萌发需要解决的几个重点问题以及研究盐生植物种子休眠和萌发问题的意义。  相似文献   

7.
盐生植物种子的休眠、休眠解除及萌发的特点   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
本文讨论了盐生植物种子的休眠、休眠解除及萌发的特点 ,主要内容有 :( 1 )盐生植物种子的休眠类型 ;( 2 )打破盐生植物种子休眠的必要条件 ;( 3)盐生种子萌发与土壤盐度的关系。并讨论了盐度抑制盐生植物种子的机理。最后 ,作者提出了将来研究盐生植物种子萌发需要解决的几个重点问题以及研究盐生植物种子休眠和萌发问题的意义  相似文献   

8.
以东方百合‘索邦’和‘西伯利亚’鳞片为外植体得到的一代试管小鳞茎为试材,研究0℃冷藏不同时间对试管鳞茎生理指标变化,以及试管鳞茎解除休眠和移栽后生长发育的影响。结果表明,冷藏0--28dN,随着冷藏时间的延长,试管鳞茎出苗率逐渐增加,冷藏处理28d达到最高,之后逐渐降低。冷藏期间,试管鳞茎中淀粉含量持续降低,而可溶性总糖和还原性糖含量表现出先升高后下降的趋势,冷藏处理28d的含量最高。同时,随着冷藏时间的延长,IAA和ZR含量逐渐升高,ABA含量逐渐下降,而GA。含量表现出先上升后下降的趋势,并且也在冷藏处理28dN-含量达到峰值。另外,采用隶属函数值对低温处理的试管苗栽培1年后所收获种球的数量、质量等指标进行评价,结果显示,均以低温处理28d时达到最大值。由此得出,0℃低温处理试管小鳞茎28d为解除休眠及促进生长发育的最适处理时间。  相似文献   

9.
袁志友  李宪利等 《植物学通报》2002,19(5):601-606,610
在进行果树温室栽培时,经常遇到萌芽率低,萌芽开花延迟,花器官发育差,座果率低的问题。本试验以‘NU72’油桃为试材,观察了3种药剂对解除芽休眠的影响。结果表明,2%(NH2)2CS能提早花期,但存在药害现象,6%KNO3不能提早花期,并且花期不整齐,5%NH4NO3效果与6%KNO3类似。同时化学药剂处理促进花芽内H2O2的积累,抑制了过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性但促进了过氧化物酶(POD)活性,超氧物岐化酶(SOD)活性变化较小,化学药剂使花芽的呼吸速率增加,其中磷酸戊糖途径(PPP)代谢增加,糖酵解(EMP)降低,而三羧酸循环(TCA)代谢波动较小,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活性在化学药剂处理时也增加。  相似文献   

10.
采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析了剥鳞与激素处理对大樱桃花芽休眠解除及内源生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GAD、玉米素(ZT)和脱落酸(ABA)变化的影响。结果表明,花芽中的ABA主要分布于鳞片内,鳞片中的GA3和ZT含量远低于去鳞芽,也低于完整芽。剥鳞能明显增加休眠花芽中内源GA2和ZT的含量,降低ABA的含量,对IAA含量的影响不大。剥鳞降低了ABA/GA3、ABA/ZT的比值,使花芽向促进生长、抑制休眠的方向转化。同时,休眠前、后期剥鳞均能明显提高萌芽率,中期剥鳞效果不明显。剥鳞后施用外源激素随休眠时期不同而有不同的破眠效果,早期剥鳞GA3的效果最好,6-BA次之,IAA最差;中期破眠效果不如早期,GA。和6-BA没有明显差别;后期以6-BA效果最好,其次是GA3和IAA;3次处理中ABA均明显抑制花芽萌发。  相似文献   

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Invasion of alien plant species (IAS) represents a serious environmental problem, particularly in Europe, where it mainly pertains to urban areas. Seed germination traits contribute to clarification of invasion dynamics. The objective of this research was to analyze how different light conditions (i.e., 12-hr light/12-hr darkness and continuous darkness) and temperature regimes (i.e., 15/6°C, 20/10°C and 30/20°C) trigger seed germination of Ailanthus altissima (AA), Phytolacca americana (PA) and Robinia pseudoacacia (RP). The relationship between seed germination and seed morphometric traits was also analyzed. Our findings highlight that temperature rather than light was the main environmental factor affecting germination. RP germinated at all tested temperatures, whereas at 15/6°C seeds of AA and PA showed physiological dormancy. RP had a higher germination capacity at a lower temperature, unlike AA and PA, which performed better at the highest temperatures. Light had a minor role in seed germination of the three species. Light promoted germination only for seeds of PA, and final germination percentage was 1.5-fold higher in light than in continuous darkness. Seed morphometric traits (thickness [T], area [A] and volume [V]) had a significant role in explaining germination trait variations. The results highlight the importance of increasing our knowledge on seed germination requirements to predict future invasiveness trends. The increase in global temperature could further advantage AA and PA in terms of germinated seeds, as well as RP by enhancing the germination velocity, therefore compensating for a lower germination percentage of this species at the highest temperatures.  相似文献   

14.
光温因子对大田冬小麦累积生物量的影响   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
为了探索光、温因子对冬小麦各生育阶段生物量的影响及冬小麦各组织器官生物量的变化规律,利用甘肃省西峰农业气象试验站1981-2008年冬小麦生产年度物候期、产量分析要素等观测资料、1995-2008年冬小麦生产年度三叶期、越冬期、拔节期、抽穗期、乳熟期及成熟期生物量测定资料及相应时段的温度、日照资料,分析了冬小麦生物量变化过程及光温因子综合作用辐热积对各生育阶段生物量的影响.结果表明:冬小麦全生育期生物量的累积过程呈“S”型曲线,抽穗期、乳熟期生物量达到最大.自1981年以来,抽穗期、乳熟期的辐热积以3.314 MJ·m-2·a-1的速度上升,其他各生育阶段辐热积随年份呈抛物线变化;返青期、拔节期及乳熟期、成熟期辐热积在20世纪90年代较大,20世纪80年代及21世纪初较小;拔节期、抽穗期辐热积在20世纪90年代较小,20世纪80年代及21世纪初较大.各生育阶段辐热积与产量相关显著.各生育阶段的叶面积指数与该阶段的辐热积利用率呈显著相关,拔节期及抽穗期叶面积指数增加1,其辐热积利用率分别增加0.049和0.259 g·MJ-1.  相似文献   

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Many plants show compensatory regrowth after herbivory and dormant buds often have an important role in compensatory responses. Theoretical models have shown that herbivore damage may select for a bud bank, i.e., a pool of dormant buds that are protected from herbivory and that are activated after herbivore damage. Earlier models assumed that undamaged plants cannot activate their dormant buds without damage, although they apparently have sufficient resources for successful seed production through the additional shoots dormant buds could produce. However, many plants are able to gradually activate buds over an extended period of time without any cue from damage. The aim of this study was to analyze how herbivory imposes selection for gradual mobilization of the bud bank. I assume that selection pressures that affect the fraction of buds active at each time point include damage by herbivores, time left to the end of season, and the opportunity costs of dormant buds. I modelled bud dynamics with gradual activation when there is a single damage event and (i) when the seed set of a shoot is not dependent on the time it is active, or (ii) when the seed set of a shoot diminishes with later activation. In addition, I analyzed how (iii) risk of repeated herbivory affects selection for gradual activation. Under these models, gradual activation is optimal over a wide range of herbivory pressures. Selection appears to favour activation of all buds at the beginning of the season only when herbivore pressure is weak and when early shoots have a higher seed set than late shoots. Alternatively, strong herbivore pressure and late damage may select for a large bud bank throughout the growing season, without gradual activation; the bud bank is only mobilized after damage. In this case, damaged plants can overcompensate, i.e. they have a higher seed set than undamaged plants with the same bud activation pattern. Selection for overcompensation demands a stronger herbivore pressure in this current model than in earlier bud bank models. The model never predicts selection for overcompensation when there is a risk of repeated herbivory. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
以3年生盆栽‘曙光’油桃为材料,研究油桃自然休眠过程中50℃高温和单氰胺对花芽呼吸代谢的影响.结果表明:高温和单氰胺均可以打破油桃的自然休眠,导致休眠花芽呼吸代谢显著下降,其呼吸代谢的衰减可持续数小时.主要呼吸途径三羧酸循环(TCA)和磷酸戊糖途径(PPP)的运行均受到影响.未经破眠处理的花芽TCA和PPP均呈衰减趋势,而高温和单氰胺诱导了早期呼吸衰减结束后PPP的迅速活化.高温还表现出对TCA恢复的诱导,而单氰胺在96 h内未表现出这种作用.在高温和单氰胺打破自然休眠的机制中,呼吸衰减和随后出现的PPP活化可能是重要的组成部分.  相似文献   

18.
Dormancy-associated gene expression in pea axillary buds.   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) axillary buds can be stimulated to cycle between dormant and growing states. Dormant buds synthesize unique proteins and are as metabolically active as growing buds. Two cDNAs, PsDRM1 and PsDRM2, were isolated from a dormant bud library. The deduced amino acid sequence of PsDRM1 (111 residues) is 75% identical to that of an auxin-repressed strawberry clone. PsDRM2 encodes a putative protein containing 129 residues, which includes 11 repeats of the sequence [G]-GGGY[H][N] (the bracketed residues may be absent). PsDRM2 is related to cold- and ABA-stimulated clones from alfalfa. Decapitating the terminal bud rapidly stimulates dormant axillary buds to begin growing. The abundance of PsDRM1 mRNA in axillary buds declines 20-fold within 6 h of decapitation; it quickly reaccumulates when buds become dormant again. The level of PsDRM2 mRNA is about three fold lower in growing buds than in dormant buds. Expression of PsDRM1 is enhanced in other non-growing organs (roots root apices; fully-elongated stems >elongating stems), and thus is an excellent “dormancy” marker. In contrast, PsDRM2 expression is not dormancy-associated in other organs. Received: 10 December 1997 / Accepted: 23 January 1998  相似文献   

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