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1.
论笔石的深度分带   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
陈旭 《古生物学报》1990,29(5):507-526
一、前言对于奥陶纪和志留纪的生物地层学和年代地层学,笔石的生物带至今仍不失其标准性。但是就生态地层学而言,笔石的深度分带则研究甚少。近20年来,由于各国笔石研究工作者注意研究笔石的孤立标本和立体标本,恢复笔石的微细结构和超微构造,使笔石的个体古生态(autecology)研究大大地前进了一步,但是笔石的群体古生态(synecology)仍是薄弱环节。这主要是因为笔石虽生活在不同水层中,但所保存者均为死亡后沉落于海底的状态,况且笔石在石炭纪以后已经绝灭,无现生的笔石可以借鉴。  相似文献   

2.
奥陶—志留系界线地层生物全球对比   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
陈旭  米切尔 《古生物学报》2000,39(1):100-114
详述扬子区晚奥陶世晚期(阿什极期)至兰多维列世初期的生物带序列,修正部分的笔石带,与全球各重要地区进行对比,研究表明,全球奥陶系顶部赫南特亚阶及其上下地层在我国的扬子区发育最好,地层连续发展育并广泛出露,生物带发育齐全,不但有连续的笔石带,而且有世界广布的赫南特贝腕足动物群,有望在我国建立赫南特亚阶的全球层型剖面和点(GSSP)。  相似文献   

3.
聂拉木是西藏南部志留纪含笔石地层(石器坡组)的主要产地。近期在该地亚来村新发现一批笔石标本,包括Normalograptus sp.、Glyptograptus sp.、Campograptus lobiferus、C. cf. lobiferus、C. cf. obtusus、C.? circularis、Lituigraptus cf.convolutus、Rastrites cf.perfectus、Stimulograptussedgwickii、Streptograptus sp.和Torquigraptus decipiens。该组合面貌确定其属于志留系兰多维列统埃隆阶上部Lituigraptusconvolutus带至Stimulograptus sedgwickii带。这一新材料的发现,使西藏南部的志留纪地层得以作全球对比。  相似文献   

4.
奥陶-志留系界线地层生物带的全球对比   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
详述扬子区晚奥陶世晚期(阿什极期)至兰多维列世初期的生物带序列,修正部分的笔石带,与全球各重要地区进行对比.研究表明,全球奥陶系顶部赫南特亚阶及其上下地层在我国的扬子区发育最好,地层连续发育并广泛出露,生物带发育齐全,不但有连续的笔石带,而且有世界广布的赫南特贝腕足动物群,有望在我国建立赫南特亚阶的全球层型剖面和点(GSSP).  相似文献   

5.
湖北钟祥下奥陶统弗洛阶岩性以灰黑色页岩为主,夹粉砂岩及灰岩透镜体,化石丰度和分异度高.通过系统的化石采集和鉴定,于钟祥温峡口剖面识别出笔石7属31种,大体上为扬子地台区的常见属种.自下而上分为Didymograptellus bifidus 带、Corymbograptus deflexus 带和Azygograptu...  相似文献   

6.
扬子区东南台缘下奥陶统特马道克阶仑山组上段多见厚层碳酸盐岩,其中的叠层石礁出露厚度23m,穹窿状叠层石密集生长序列厚度20m,往上部的3m叠层石变得稀少。微相特征显示叠层石的纹层多不清晰,存在不同程度的生物、物理及化学营力的干扰现象,可识别数种成因。生物对藻席表面的啃食和内部的栖居钻孔可破坏纹层;高能水流时常带入的生屑、砂屑堆积能点断叠层石纹层的正常生长;部分叠层石中常见压溶缝合线和白云岩化。区域海退过程抑制了叠层石礁的连续生长。  相似文献   

7.
扬子区中奥陶统大湾阶底界精细生物地层分带与对比   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
系统研究湖北宜昌黄花场大湾组下段和重庆城口翁溪沟湄潭组下部笔石、牙形石和几丁虫生物分带及其对比关系。精细的生物地层学研究结果证明,在我国大湾阶底界界线层型剖面上的生物群组合存在冷水型分子与暖水型分子共生的特点,以牙形石Baltoniodus triangularis首现所确定的中奥陶统底界较nipodus laevis的首现低0.2m,位于笔石Didymograptus protobifidus/Corymbograptus deflexus带或几丁虫Conochitina langei/C.brevis带中部。中奥陶统底界上述牙形石、笔石和几丁虫的对比关系不受沉积相限制,在重庆城口翁溪沟含笔石碎屑岩相的湄潭组下部同样存在。宜昌黄花场剖面和该剖面上Baltoniodus triangularis的最初出现应是理想的全球中奥陶统底界线层型剖面和点。  相似文献   

8.
西藏拉萨地区三叠系诺利阶牙形石分带及其国际对比   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
麦龙岗剖面位于西藏拉萨地区达孜县麦龙岗村 (N2 9°5 6′0 6″ ,E91°2 7′5 5″)。麦龙岗组中共发现牙形石 7属 :Epigondolella ,Hindeodella ,Priniodella ,Xaniognathodus,Lonchodina ,Metalonchodina和Enantiognathus属。其中Epigondolella属有 9种 ,包括 1新种和 1未定种 ,它们是E .primitia ,E .spiculata ,E .cf.spiculata ,E .tozeri,E .violinformissp .nov .,E .cf.triangularisuniformis,E .postera ,E .bidentata ,E .sp .。基于本次发现的化石材料 ,对西藏林周地区麦龙岗组进行新的牙形石带划分。自下而上划分为 :?Epigondolellaprimitia ,E .spiculata ,E .tozer i,E .postera和E .bidentata等带。与毛力等 (1987)、Orchard(1983,1991,1994 )和Krystyn(1977)的划分方案进行对比和讨论  相似文献   

9.
先前膨胀笔石的发育型式   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
一、前言先前膨胀笔石[Didymograptus(Expansograptus)praenuntius T(?)rnquist,1901]在世界许多地方都有发现。在中国华南,陈旭等(1964,1981),韩乃仁等(1984)、赵裕亭(1977),焦世鼎(1981),穆恩之等(1979)都发现并描述了此种笔石。它是华南下奥陶统常见的一个笔石种,时代主要在宁国期早期。国内外描述此种的论文不少,但对其发育型式研究较少。R.A.Cooper和R.A.  相似文献   

10.
作者描述了产自塔里木盆地的HistiodellaHass的四个种,并探讨了它们与中国北方和北美中大陆暖水型牙形石及中国南方和北大西洋冷水型牙形石的对比关系。认为Histiodellasinuosa带对比北美中大陆牙形石动物群3的下部、中国南方Amorphognathusvariabilis带下部和中国北方Aurilobodusleptosomatus-Loxodusdissectus带下部。Histiodellaholodentata带下部相当于中国北方Aurilobodusleptosomatus-Loxodusdissectus带中部或中国南方的Amorphognathusvariabilis带至Eoplacognathussuecicus带的下部。Histiodellakristinae带对比北大西洋区的Eoplacognathussuecicus带中上部和中国北方的Tangshanodustangshanensis带。Histiodellabellburnensis带对比北大西洋区的Eoplacognathussuecicus带的上部到Eoplacognathusfoliaceus带下部。HistiodellaHass与北大西洋区和中国北方区典型牙形石的共同出现可以作为一个桥梁,建立起北美中大陆、北大西洋、塔里木盆地及华北地区牙形石的对比关系。  相似文献   

11.
The graptolite faunal succession of the late Tremadoc to early Arenig in southern Bolivia is established from the Cieneguillas and Culpina sections and compared with faunas from other regions. The succession yields important data for the discussion on the proposed GSSP at the base of the Tetragraptus approximatus Zone and the completeness of the successions in eastern North America and Scandinavia. The graptolite faunas of the Aorograptus victoriae, Kiaerograptus supremus, Araneograptus murrayi, Hunnegraptus copiosus and Tetragraptus phyllograptoides zones are reviewed and the faunal associations discussed. The Kiaerograptus supremus Zone is regarded as a local Scandinavian biozone.  相似文献   

12.
    
JÖRG MALETZ 《Palaeontology》2010,53(2):415-439
Abstract: The virgellar spine is one of the most consistent features of the graptolite sicula. It is present in a large number of graptoloid groups, but evolved separately and independently in these as it is seen from the presence of the spine in either ventral (Axonophora) or dorsal (Phyllograptus, Xiphograptus) position. The evolution of the virgellar spine in the Pan‐Bireclinata in the Upper Dapingian to Lower Darriwilian time interval is known to follow four main steps, from a simple rutellum, through a lamelliform rutellum and a lanceolate virgella to the true virgellar spine. For the xiphograptids and in Phyllograptus, the origin and early development is less well documented, but appears to follow a similar path. However, the individual stages are condensed, and a true virgellar spine emerges already in the Floian time interval. A virgellar spine was found in Didymograptellus bifidus, necessitating a revision of the diagnosis of the genus Didymograptellus. A number of species of the virgellate genera Xiphograptus, Yutagraptus and Didymograptellus are described from isolated material for the first time. The species are useful for the biostratigraphic correlation of endemic mid‐continent North American faunas with the Pacific Type faunal realm. Xiphograptus artus sp. nov., Didymograptellus primus sp. nov. and Didymograptellus cowheadensis sp. nov. from the Cow Head Group of western Newfoundland are described as new.  相似文献   

13.
The North American Upper Ordovician reference standard, the Cincinnatian Series, contains rich shelly microfossil faunas in its type area in the Cincinnati Region but graptolites are uncommon in most of its shallow-water calcareous sediments. Consequently, the graptolite correlation of this key sequence has remained uncertain, in part, even controversial. A review of both previously published recently discovered graptolite Occurrences in the type Cincinnatian, combined with data from the important graptolite successions in Oklahoma New York-Quebec, has not only clarified the graptolite correlation of the Cincinnatian but also added new data on the morphology taxonomy, the vertical horizontal distribution, of several taxa. The information now at hand indicates that the Edenian Stage correlates with the C. spiniferus Zone, the Maysvillian Stage with the C. pygmaeus lower middle P. manitoulinensis Zone, the Richmondian Stage with the upper P. manitoulinensis , the D. complanatus , possibly part of the C. inuiti Zone. Comparison between graptolite conodont biostratigraphic evidence reveals no apparent conflict. Correlations are proposed between Upper Ordovician North American stages, graptolite conodont zones, successions in Texas, Oklahoma, Sweden, European graptolite zones, British series.  相似文献   

14.
根据牙形类Baltoniodus? triangularis的首现,中奥陶统和大坪阶底界已界定于湖北宜昌黄花场剖面大湾组底界之上10.57m.对黄花场剖面以及邻近的大坪剖面大湾组疑源类研究表明,某些疑源类属种具有生物地层学意义,其首现可用于识别奥陶系下/中统界线.  相似文献   

15.
对川西汉源-荥经地区CYD2井下奥陶统弗洛阶大乘寺组的笔石进行研究,结果表明Baltograptus deflexus笔石带在这一覆盖区发育良好。CYD2井的该带笔石动物群共含2属5种。根据下垂对笔石类的始端发育型式,修正前人对波罗的笔石属(Baltograptus)和巅峰笔石属(Corymbograptus)内一些种的归属,并对CYD2井的5种笔石进行描述。可能受制于钻心标本的限制,该地区的Baltograptus deflexus带笔石动物群分异度较低。川西汉源-荥经-峨眉山地区的大乘寺组与上覆二叠系梁山组呈假整合接触,表明该地区长期遭受沉积间断和剥蚀作用,B.deflexus带的确定,指示了这一长期剥蚀作用的最大深度。  相似文献   

16.
    
The fauna and facies of the Hiswah Formation in southern Jordan were investigated. The formation indicates deposition under low energy, open-marine, siliciclastic shelf conditions and reflects the maximum of the first regional post-Cambrian marine transgression on the northern edge of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. This eustatic signal accompanied by a maximum flooding surface can be traced over the entire Arabian Plate and Turkey. The lower part of the Hiswah Fm. consists of pelagic mudstones with only occasional thin beds of rippled, hummocky cross-bedded siltstone and mudstone concretions, and contains a distinct fauna of low diversity. The upper part of the formation is characterized by sandstone-siltstone alternations with some hummocky cross-stratification in its lower portion and trough cross-bedding and ripple marks above indicating somewhat shallower conditions. A very detailed re-investigation of the fauna from the lower part of the Hiswah Fm. and extensive new fossil material indicates that the most remarkable faunal element is the planktonic graptolite Didymograptus murchisoni (Beck in Murchison, 1839in) which, in the past, has been determined erroneously as D. bifidus (Hall in Berry, 1962). Numerous specimens of small obolid brachiopod Palaeoglossa sp. cf. Pattenuata (Sowerby, 1839) represent the most common benthic element within the Hiswah fauna. The exceptional arthropod Hanadirella cf. bramkampi El-Khayal, 1985, is reported for the first time from Jordan, representing its fifth known region of occurrence in addition to Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Spain, and France. For the first time, cephalopod remains are described from the Ordovician of Jordan by the occurrence of ?Dideroceras sp. and a second, indeterminate species. The biostratigraphic age of the Hiswah fauna is revised to late Darriwilian (Dw 3, upper Middle Ordovician) according to our re-investigation of the graptolites. The Hiswah fauna represents the oldest body fossils of the Ordovician marine sedimentation in southern Jordan and is palaeogeographically strongly related to northern and northeastern Saudi-Arabia and to high/mid-latitude Gondwana margins in general.  相似文献   

17.
贵州黄花冲下奥陶统湄潭组疑源类   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
李军  王怿 《古生物学报》2002,41(1):96-104
对贵州黄花冲奥陶系湄潭组Azygograptus suecicus带疑源类组合研究表明,该组合可以与扬子区陕南、川东南、黔北、黔南、湘西、鄂西等地同期组合对比,并根据特征分子产出判别该组合应划归环冈瓦纳疑源类生物地理区。鄂西宜昌大湾组疑源类组合与黄花冲湄潭组疑源类组合的差异系环境因素所致。  相似文献   

18.
黔西北桐梓水坝塘剖面下奥陶统特马豆克阶桐梓组沉积时位于上扬子区陆表海极浅水区,抑或部分时段存在盐度异常的云坪,与下伏寒武系第四统娄山关群和上覆下奥陶统红花园组均呈整合接触。桐梓组岩性多为灰色、深灰色灰岩,后生动物大化石和陆源碎屑岩含量显然偏低。常见内碎屑滩相堆积,偶见含砾屑滩,砾屑边缘弱磨圆,属非强水流的近源搬运颗粒类型;少许鲕粒灰岩层。微生物岩颗粒丰富并作为碳酸盐岩的主要供物来源,部分微生物群落形成的细纹层粘结岩属小型叠层石礁相单元,表明在贵阳乌当和桐梓红花园剖面的叠层石可北延超过100km到达水坝塘地区,构建了狭长的叠层石礁相带。黔西北桐梓组部分碳酸盐岩层中出现单一而广适性的钙质微生物造礁群落,与特马豆克阶全球生物礁演化发展阶段相吻合,在奥陶纪生物大辐射的初期,生物礁具有地理分布局限、低生物多样性以及钙质微生物占主导地位的特征。  相似文献   

19.
本文作者在安太庠等(1983)研究过的唐山赵各庄剖面,对下奥陶统冶里组和亮甲山组较系统地采集了牙形刺样品,通过对所获牙形刺标本和安太库等(1983)所描述的牙形刺动物群仔细研究后,对包括分带和对比意见有新的认识。安太庠等(1983)把自寒武系凤山组顶部至下奥陶统亮甲山组这段地层,自下而上建立了Cordylodus proavus,Utahconus beimadaoensis-Monocostodus sevierensis,Cordylodus rotundatus-"Acodus"oneotensis,Scolopodus quadraplicatus-S.opimus,Scalpellodus tersus,Serratognathus bilobatus,S.extensus和Paraserratognathus paltodiformis等8带,其中Cordylodus proavus带为寒武系顶,Utahconus beimadaoensis-Monocostodus sevierensis至Scolopodus quadraplicatus-S.opimus等带为下奥陶统冶里组,其余则为下奥陶统亮甲山组,寒武系-奥陶系界线置于Utahconus beimadaoensis-Monocostodus sevierensis带之底。这一牙形刺序列和寒武系-奥陶系界线划分方案在国内被广泛引用至今(王志浩等,2011)。本文通过补充采集到的牙形刺标本和安太庠等(1983)报道的材料,根据一些重要分子在地层中的分布及公认的牙形刺分带原则,对安太庠等(1983)的牙形刺分带方案重新修订,自下而上修订为Cordylodus proavus,C.lindstromi,Iapetognathus jilinensis,Cordylodus angulatus,Chosonodina herfurthi-Rossodus manitouensis,Glyptoconus quadraplicatus,Scalpellodus tersus-Triangulodus aff.bifidus,Serratognathus bilobatus,S.extensus和Paraserratognathus obesus等10带,寒武系-奥陶系界线则置于Iapetognathus jilinensis带之底。根据这一修订后的牙形刺序列,寒武系顶至下奥陶统冶里组部分的牙形刺带可与国内、外相同层位的牙形刺带进行精细对比,而亮甲山组的牙形刺虽有明显的地方性特点,但除其顶部因更具地方性而不能直接对比外,其中下部仍可与华南区下奥陶统红花园组相对比。  相似文献   

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