首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
本文在分析鹤科(Gruidae)鸟类鸣声特征的基础上,结合其分子系统树,重建了鸣声特征的演化,并检验了体重与鸣声特征及鸣声特征之间在演化上的相关性。同时比较了体重与鸣声特征在物种间的关系。演化支上各物种体重的变化与鸣声时长特征的变化存在显著的关联(对数线性模型,似然比=9.69,P=0.002;Cohen′s d=1.48):体重的增加伴随着鸣声时长的增加。鸣声特征之间在演化上没有显著的关联(对数线性模型,似然比≤0.15,P≥0.701;Cohen′s d≤0.17)。在物种间鸣声时长与体重存在显著的正相关(Pearson相关分析,r=0.54,P=0.048;Cohen′s d=1.27);鸣声的主频特征与体重存在显著的负相关(Pearson相关分析,r=﹣0.56,P=0.036;Cohen′s d=1.37)。本文以鹤科鸟类鸣声为例,分析了非鸣禽鸟类鸣声特征的演化,及影响鸣声特征的因素。  相似文献   

2.
鸣声蕴藏着丰富的生物学信息,是鸟类间信息交流最主要的方式之一。本文综述了鸟类鸣声行为与包括个体状态(体征、激素水平和健康状况)、社会等级及繁殖(性选择和成效)在内的个体适合度关系的研究进展。文章总结发现,鸟类的鸣声水平与单一体征参数关系的研究结果不稳定,鸣声可能受个体内部的多种激素调控,并与个体的社会等级有直接关系。雌雄个体鸣声均与繁殖有一定相关性,但双亲鸣声行为策略存在差异。鸣声对繁殖适合度的影响受到其他因素如物种、婚配制度等因素的影响。鸟类鸣声代表的生物学信息是个体身体质量的综合体现,与鸟类个体适合度的关系较为复杂。为解释鸣声所代表的生物学信息,需要从适合度的多个角度(社会等级、身体状况和繁殖情况等)来考虑多种鸣声参数。  相似文献   

3.
鸟类的鸣唱具有吸引配偶和保卫领域的功能,多为雀形目雄性鸟类发出,在其婚配、繁殖中起重要作用。非雀形目鸟类缺乏内鸣肌,发出的声音较为单调。但杜鹃科(Cuculidae)等少数非雀形目鸟类,利用鸣叫来吸引异性和宣示领域,功能上类似雀形目鸟类的鸣唱。鸟类在繁殖期面临觅食等基本生理活动与求偶行为的时间权衡。而鸣唱是雄性鸟类在繁殖期耗能较多的求偶行为,鸣唱的活跃程度受到外界环境和鸟类自身习性的影响。通过研究鸟类鸣声的日节律,有助于了解鸟类对生活史策略的响应。本研究于2016年和2017年鸟类繁殖季在北京小龙门森林公园(40°00′N,115°26′E)进行。2016年和2017年在大鹰鹃(Hierococcyx sparverioides)活动区利用录音机(美国Wildlife Acoustics公司,型号SM4)分别录制了3 d和43 d的录音。通过Kaleidoscope Pro 4.0.3软件(美国Wildlife Acoustics公司),量化录音并提取反应大鹰鹃鸣声特征的参数,进而自动识别出录音中大鹰鹃的鸣声。在优化识别条件后,对大鹰鹃鸣声识别的正确率可以达到60.26%,探测率可以达到44.71%。发现大鹰鹃有两个鸣叫的高峰,一个在3:00时,另一个在19:00时。与同域分布的其他鸟类相比,大鹰鹃鸣声的高峰时段持续的时间更长,且具有夜间鸣叫的特点。结合大鹰鹃的生活史,我们对其鸣声日节律进行了讨论。  相似文献   

4.
飞行的早期演化是古生物研究的热点问题之一。现生鸟类演化出多种不同飞行方式,然而对中生代鸟类飞行方式的研究亟需寻找具有指示意义的指标。骨骼与关节组织尤其是乌喙骨-叉骨关节是实现鸟类飞行功能的重要组成,因此其关节的组织形态可能有助于反映现生鸟类的飞行方式。鸟类膜质骨中的次级软骨受到表观遗传的重要影响,只能在关节受到肌肉运动刺激的情况下形成,因此能够反映鸟类关节的形成力学环境;对三种不同飞行方式的现生鸟类(珠颈斑鸠、树麻雀和普通楼燕),以及热河生物群中最为常见的古鸟类之一孔子鸟(Confuciusornis)的叉骨乌喙骨关节的组织学特征进行了分析,显示在所有三种现生鸟类中,叉骨与乌喙骨之间均存在可动关节,并且在叉骨上存在次级软骨。而孔子鸟的叉骨上也存在次级软骨,这是次级软骨组织在中生代鸟类叉骨化石中的首次报道。进一步分析发现,不同现生鸟类物种的次级软骨组织形态存在差异,还需更多数据建立相关形态功能关系以便用于帮助推断中生代鸟类的飞行方式。  相似文献   

5.
冯莹莹  梁丹  李兴权  罗旭 《生态学报》2021,41(21):8673-8684
鸟类鸣唱存在广泛的地理变异,研究鸟类鸣唱变异的模式及其影响因素可帮助解释自然界中广泛而复杂的鸣声变异现象。灰腹地莺(Tesia cyaniventer)是在高黎贡山海拔2000-2800 m分布的小型地栖性森林鸟类。高黎贡山南北走向的山脊海拔通常在3000m以上,这导致灰腹地莺东、西坡种群被山脊所隔离。该种小鸟鸣声洪亮易于鉴别,其鸣声地理变异可揭示山地对鸟类种群产生的隔离效应。在高黎贡山片马垭口和独龙江垭口的东西坡4个地点录制了灰腹地莺的鸣声(n=58),基于声谱分析比较了种群间鸣唱的质量特征,发现种群间鸣唱型的共享程度极低,而音节型在4个种群间均有共享。进一步测量了11个鸣唱的数量特征参数,有6个参数在不同种群间有显著差异:最低频率、中心频率、频率宽度、起始音节频率、首二音节的时间间隔、句子平均音节数。种群间的两两比较表明,鸣声特征差异呈现"隔离-距离"共同作用的格局,但隔离的影响更大。研究表明山地系统中影响鸟类鸣声地理变异的因素较为复杂,山地隔离和空间距离均对灰腹地莺的鸣唱特征产生了影响。  相似文献   

6.
鸣声在鸣鸟的生活史中具有重要作用,是其与外界进行信息交流最有效的方式之一。鸟类的鸣唱与其个体因素(如体型、子代性别比等)有着十分重要的联系。为了揭示个体体型、子代性别比与鸣唱特征之间的相关性,于2014—2015年3—6月在辽宁省仙人洞国家级自然保护区对杂色山雀指名亚种Parus varius varius的鸣声进行录制,测量了各体型参数,并对每巢雏鸟进行性别鉴定。结果显示:(1)杂色山雀体型与其鸣唱的最高频率具有显著相关性,但单一体型参数(体质量、跗蹠长度)与其鸣声参数相关性均不显著;(2)鸣唱语句长度与子代性别比具有显著相关性,子代性别比与其他鸣声参数均不存在显著相关性。本研究结果有助于进一步了解小型鸟类体型与鸣唱的关系,以及鸣唱与子代性别比之间的关系。  相似文献   

7.
邓梦先  梁丹  罗旭 《动物学杂志》2021,56(2):171-179
鸣声在鸟类通讯、配偶吸引和领域保卫等方面均有重要作用。本研究旨在探讨雀形目火尾绿鹛(Myzornispyrrhoura)繁殖期的鸣声类型及其生物学意义。于2013和2014年的3至7月在云南高黎贡山片马垭口、独龙江垭口录制了成鸟(n=30)、3个家庭的幼鸟(n=6)和1巢雏鸟(n=2)的鸣声。依据鸣声发出时的个体行为特征,将录制的成鸟鸣声分为3种类型,即联络鸣叫、报警鸣叫和雄性鸣唱。其中,雄鸟鸣唱的语图明显比其他鸣叫声更复杂。而样本量较多的多声联络鸣叫和报警鸣叫的声学特征在个体间有显著差异。雏鸟随着日龄的增加,其鸣声的音节数和持续时间均增加,但峰频率随日龄增加而降低,至20日龄雏鸟和幼鸟鸣叫特征十分相似。野外观察发现,火尾绿鹛在繁殖期的鸣唱较少,其原因尚需进一步研究。  相似文献   

8.
被动声学监测通过分析鸟鸣声信息来实现物种识别,为鸟类多样性监测提供了一种切实可行的技术方案。由于鸟种的鸣声复杂多变,如何通过声纹快速准确辨别物种,分析鸟类丰度,降低对人工操作的需求等技术难题,成为基于声纹的鸟类多样性监测所面临的挑战。本文提出了基于音节聚类的鸟类鸣声监测框架:首先通过音高、频率平坦度等音频特征在声纹数据中提取音节,然后通过无监督表征学习与狄利克雷过程(Dirichlet process)混合模型对音节进行深度无监督聚类训练,完成音节聚类和自动音节种类推断。分析结果表明,本文提出的基于音节聚类的鸟类鸣声监测框架在处理开源数据集白腰文鸟(Lonchura striata)的曲目时可获得接近90%的聚类准确率。在此基础上,本研究对2022年4-5月在广州市白云山公园固定监测点所录制的10种鸟类鸣声进行了无监督的音节聚类分析,验证了本文所提出的基于音节聚类的鸟类鸣声监测框架的有效性:本技术不仅可以支持快速鸟类物种识别,还可以统计和分析不同物种鸟鸣在时间、频度、数量上的变化。这些结果表明,基于音节聚类的鸟类鸣声监测框架可以显著降低对人工标注训练数据的要求,克服传统鸟鸣物种识别框架...  相似文献   

9.
陈巧尔  牛一醒  王征  李宁 《生态学杂志》2023,(10):2494-2501
鸟类与植物的种子传播网络是影响生物多样性维系和生态系统功能的关键因素,同时也是当代生态学研究的热点。于2021年10—12月采用样线法在福建梅花山国家级自然保护区南部地区调查取食鸟类多样性,并分析其与植物特征之间的关系,收集鸟类对果实(种子)的取食数据并以此构建鸟类种子传播网络,探讨鸟类特征对网络结构的影响。结果表明:取食鸟类多样性与植物特征之间存在一定相关性,取食鸟类种类、数量、均匀度指数与植物高度、结实量和郁闭度呈显著相关(P<0.05);种子传播网络由21种取食鸟类和15种植物构成,具有嵌套性和模块性,但连接度和专业化程度较低;鸟类特征与物种水平网络参数存在一定相关性,取食鸟类数量与取食鸟类物种度、物种强度和连接多样性均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),取食鸟类体重、体长、嘴峰长与取食鸟类物种度和连接多样性呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究显示,鸟类特征对种子传播网络结构的构建和维持具有影响,研究结果为分析森林动植物关系的动态变化和稳定性提供现实参考。  相似文献   

10.
鸟类鸣唱的功能通常是吸引配偶,对于建立繁殖隔离也是非常重要的。现有的研究认为鸟类鸣唱表演可能受到鸟类喙型变化的影响。达尔文鸣雀是一类用来验证喙型和鸣唱表演关系的模型物种,前人的研究认为较低的元音演奏与更大的喙相关。本文用在Floreana岛屿生活的达尔文小树雀(Camarhynchus parvulus)来验证喙型和元音演奏的关系。结果显示,喙型大小与元音演奏之间无相关性。这个发现与过去对小树雀中的研究结果相似,但却与达尔文鸣雀中更大体型的鸟类研究结果相反。讨论了研究结果在物种的生态分化和生态变异之间的前后关系。  相似文献   

11.
In many animal species, the frequency (pitch) of vocalisations correlates negatively with body size and may thus signal competitive ability. However, this relationship is absent in other species. Understanding why this difference exists across species may help to explain some of the diversity of vocal communication systems. We assessed whether vocalisation frequency signals body size in black swans (Cygnus atratus), and how this is affected by (i) variation in frequency within individuals and (ii) size variation across individuals. Frequency was correlated with body size and mass, with slopes close to the allometry expected if the birds were maximising sound radiation, but the explained variation in frequency was low. Within‐individual variation in vocalisation frequency was greater in male than female swans, and the reliability of frequency as a signal of size in males was correspondingly lower. A review of the literature on the relationship between the frequency of avian vocalisations and body size also showed smaller effect sizes for more variable vocalisations (birdsongs), than for simpler vocalisations. Vocalisation frequency was more reliably correlated with body size when the sexes were pooled (creating a larger range of variation in size) than when the relationship was examined for either sex separately, although male and female data followed the same allometric line. These results show that variation in frequency within individuals and low variation in size across individuals reduce the reliability of vocalisation frequency as a signal of body size, which helps to understand differences among species in the signal value of vocalisation frequency.  相似文献   

12.
Aspects of bird song have been shown to correlate with morphological and ecological features, including beak and body size, and habitat. Here we study evolution of song length and song frequency among 30 species belonging to the Cettiidae. Frequency is negatively correlated with body size, and song length increases with latitude. Although migration distance correlates with latitude, the association of song length with latitude is only present within the non‐migratory species, implying the association is not a consequence of migration. We place these correlations in a historical framework to show that the body size‐frequency association arose early in the group, but the latitude‐song length association is more evolutionarily labile. We suggest that latitudinal correlates of song length may reflect increased importance of sexual selection by female choice.  相似文献   

13.
Animal mating signals evolve in part through indirect natural selection on anatomical traits that influence signal expression. In songbirds, for example, natural selection on beak form and function can influence the evolution of song features, because of the role of the beak in song production. In this study we characterize the relationship between beak morphology and song features within a bimodal population of Geospiza fortis on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos. This is the only extant population of Darwin's finches that is known to possess a bimodal distribution in beak size. We test the hypothesis that birds with larger beaks are constrained to produce songs with lower frequencies and decreased vocal performance. We find that birds with longer, deeper, and wider beaks produce songs with significantly lower minimum frequencies, maximum frequencies and frequency bandwidths. Results from the analysis of the relationship between beak morphology and trill rate are mixed. Measures of beak morphology correlated positively with 'vocal deviation', a composite index of vocal performance. Overall these results support a resonance model of vocal tract function, and suggest that beak morphology, a primary target of ecological selection in Darwin's finches, affects the evolution of mating signals. We suggest that differences in song between the two modes of the distribution may influence mate recognition and perhaps facilitate assortative mating by beak size and population divergence.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 88 , 489–498.  相似文献   

14.
Large animals, having large vocal organs, produce low sound frequencies more efficiently. Accordingly, the frequency of vocalizations is often negatively related to body size across species, and also among individuals of many species, including several non‐oscine birds (non‐songbirds). Little is known about whether song frequency reveals information about body size within oscine species, which are characterized by song learning and large repertoires. We asked whether song frequency is related to body size in two oscines that differ in repertoire size: the dark‐eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) and the serin (Serinus serinus). We also asked whether the extent to which receivers sample repertoires might influence the reliability of their assessment of body size. We found that none of the frequency traits of song that we investigated was related to male body size, nor did more extensive sampling of repertoires lead to any relationship between frequency and body size. Possible reasons for these results are the small range of variation in size within species, or the elaborate vocal physiology of oscines that gives them great control over a wide frequency range. We discuss these results as they relate to female preferences for high‐frequency song that have been previously reported for oscine species.  相似文献   

15.
Many nonhuman primates produce species-typical loud calls used to communicate between and within groups over long distances. Given their observed spacing functions, primate loud calls are likely to show acoustic adaptations to increase their propagation over distance. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that primates emit loud calls at relatively low sound frequencies to minimize their attenuation. We tested this hypothesis within and between species. First, we compared the frequencies of loud calls produced by each species with those of other calls from their vocal repertoires. Second, we investigated the relationship between loud call frequency and home range size across a sample of primate species. Comparisons indicated that primates produce loud calls at lower frequencies than other calls within their vocal repertoires. In addition, a significant negative relationship exists between loud call frequency and home range size among species. The relationship between call frequency and range size holds after controlling for the potentially confounding effects of body size and phylogeny. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that nonhuman primates produce loud calls at relatively low frequencies to facilitate their transmission over long distances.  相似文献   

16.
M. A. Elgar    N. Ghaffar    A. F. Read 《Journal of Zoology》1990,222(3):455-470
The degree and direction of sexual dimorphism across different species is commonly attributed to differences in the selection pressures acting on males and females. The extent of these differences is especially apparent in species that practise sexual cannibalism, where the female attempts to capture and eat a courting male. Here, we investigate the relationship between sexual dimorphism in size and leg length, sexual cannibalism and courtship behaviour in three taxonomic groups of orb-weaving spiders, using morphological data from 249 species in 36 genera. Females are larger than males in all three taxonomic groups, and males have relatively longer legs than females in both the Araneinae and Tetragnathidae. Across genera within each taxonomic group, male body size is positively correlated with both female body size and male leg length, and female body size is positively correlated with female leg length. Sexual size dimorphism is negatively correlated with relative male leg length within the Araneinae, but not within either the Tetragnathidae or the Gasteracanthinae. There was no negative correlation between sexual size dimorphism and relative female leg length in any taxonomic group. We argue that the relationship between sexual size dimorphism and relative male leg length within the Araneinae may be the result of selection imposed by sexual cannibalism by females.  相似文献   

17.
Mating signals may diversify as a byproduct of morphological adaptation to different foraging niches, potentially driving speciation. Although many studies have focused on the direct influence of ecological and sexual selection on signal divergence, the role of indirect mechanisms remains poorly understood. Using phenotypic and molecular datasets, we explored the interplay between morphological and vocal evolution in an avian radiation characterized by dramatic beak variation, the Neotropical woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptinae). We found evidence of a trade-off between the rate of repetition of song syllables and frequency bandwidth: slow paced songs had either narrow or wide frequency bandwidths, and bandwidth decreased as song pace increased. This bounded phenotypic space for song structure supports the hypothesis that passerine birds face a motor constraint during song production. Diversification of acoustic characters within this bounded space was correlated with diversification of beak morphology. In particular, species with larger beaks produced slower songs with narrower frequency bandwidths, suggesting that ecological selection on beak morphology influences the diversification of woodcreeper songs. Because songs in turn mediate mate choice and species recognition in birds, these results indicate a broader role for ecology in avian diversification.  相似文献   

18.
Indicators of individual quality in ornamentation or in vocalizations have been reported for different animal species. However, no studies have jointly investigated ornamentation and vocalizations in one species. The crested auklet (Aethia cristatella, Alcidae) is a small colonial seabird of the North Pacific and is unusual for a bird in using optical, vocal, and olfactory signals. We estimated the potential for coding individual quality in vocalizations and plumage ornamentation and the relationship between vocal and optical traits in crested auklets. During the summer seasons of 2008–2009, we recorded 359 trumpet calls from 28 individually marked males and measured indices of body size, condition, and plumage patterns of 58 male and 48 female crested auklets from a breeding colony on Talan Island, Sea of Okhotsk. We found strong interindividual differences in trumpet call characteristics. Furthermore, we found that the maximum fundamental frequency of the loudest notes of the trumpet call is negatively correlated with body condition, and head crest length is positively correlated with body size. However, we found no relationship between vocal and ornamental traits. The results suggest that advertising calls of crested auklets signal caller individuality and quality, but future experimental studies should test whether or not this is indeed case.  相似文献   

19.
Most birds vocalize with an open beak, but vocalization with a closed beak into an inflating cavity occurs in territorial or courtship displays in disparate species throughout birds. Closed‐mouth vocalizations generate resonance conditions that favor low‐frequency sounds. By contrast, open‐mouth vocalizations cover a wider frequency range. Here we describe closed‐mouth vocalizations of birds from functional and morphological perspectives and assess the distribution of closed‐mouth vocalizations in birds and related outgroups. Ancestral‐state optimizations of body size and vocal behavior indicate that closed‐mouth vocalizations are unlikely to be ancestral in birds and have evolved independently at least 16 times within Aves, predominantly in large‐bodied lineages. Closed‐mouth vocalizations are rare in the small‐bodied passerines. In light of these results and body size trends in nonavian dinosaurs, we suggest that the capacity for closed‐mouth vocalization was present in at least some extinct nonavian dinosaurs. As in birds, this behavior may have been limited to sexually selected vocal displays, and hence would have co‐occurred with open‐mouthed vocalizations.  相似文献   

20.
Bird song is a complex communication behavior that requires the coordination of several motor systems. Sound is produced in the syrinx and then modified by the upper vocal tract, but the specific nature and dynamics of this modification are not well understood. To determine the contribution of beak movements to sound modification, we studied the beak gape patterns in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Subsyringeal air sac pressure and song were recorded together with changes in beak gape, which were monitored with a magneto-sensitive transducer. Beak gape was positively correlated with fundamental frequency, peak frequency, and subsyringeal air sac pressure in all but one bird. For harmonic stacks, peak frequency increased with increasing beak gape, and the relationship between fundamental frequency and beak gape was no longer significant. Experimentally holding the beak open or closed had acoustic consequences consistent with the model in which beak movements change upper vocal tract length and, thus, the filter properties. Beak gape was positively correlated with sound amplitude in all but two birds. The relationship between beak aperture and amplitude may, however, be indirect because air sac pressure is correlated with amplitude and beak gape. The beak is opened quickly and to its widest aperture immediately prior to the onset of sound and at rapid transitions in sound, suggesting that beak movements may affect vibratory behavior of the labia.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号