地高辛精标记酪氨酸羟化酶RNA探针的制备研究

为制备用地高辛精（Ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ,Ｄｉｇ）标记的酶氨酸羟化酶（ＴｙｒｏｓｉｎｅＨｙｄｒｏｘｙｌａｓｅ,ＴＨ）ＲＮＡ探针,本研究用分子生物学技术重组质粒ＰＧＥＭＴＨＩ,即分别将携带Ｔ７和Ｓｐ６启动子的ＰＧＥＭ－３ｚｆ质粒和携带ＴＨ基因的ＰＫＳＴＨ质粒用限制性内切酶消化并行分离纯化,得到带Ｔ７和ｓｐ６启动子的ＤＮＡ片段和ＴＨ基因片段;经Ｔ４ＤＮＡ连接酶连接后转入大肠杆菌,得到ｐＧＥＭＴＨ１重组克隆。经小量提取质粒井用酶切分析检测,证实其确有ＴＨ基因且方向正确。将此质粒再经限制性内切酶消化则得到线状ＤＮＡ片段,用Ｔ７ＲＮＡ聚合酶转录合成带有Ｄｉｇ标记的高比活度的单链ＲＮＡ探针;经斑点杂交试验证实该探针具有较高的可靠性。这将为基因治疗帕金森氏病动物模型的疗效检测提供有效手段。     

金属硫蛋白 - 潜伏膜蛋白融合基因的体外转录调控

ＥＢ病毒（ＥＢＶ）是一种与地区性伯基特氏淋巴瘤、鼻咽癌、何杰金氏病等多种人体肿瘤有关的疱疹病毒．已往的研究表明,潜伏膜蛋白（ＬＭＰ）基因是ＥＢＶ最可能的致瘤基因．为制备ＬＭＰ基因转基因小鼠,探讨ＬＭＰ的体内致瘤作用,首先构建了含鼠金属硫蛋白－１（ＭＴ－１）基因调控区和ＬＭＰ基因编码区的ｐＢＲ３２２－ＭＴ－ＬＭＰ质粒,并用电击法将该质粒与ｐＫＪ１－Ｎｅｏ质粒共转染人胃癌细胞株ＭＧＣ,对ＭＴ－ＬＭＰ基因在转染细胞中的整合、转录情况及重金属镉和镍对该融合基因的转录调控进行了研究．结果表明：（１）两质粒共转染效率为８６．７％;（２）ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析显示,完整的ＭＴ－ＬＭＰ基因已整合入转染的ＭＧＣ细胞基因组,且在不同的转染细胞克隆中,ＭＴ－ＬＭＰ基因整合的方式及拷贝数不同,拷贝数从１到１９不等;（３）ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析证实,ＭＴ－ＬＭＰ基因不仅在转染的ＭＧＣ中能够转录,而且在１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ镉诱导下,ＭＴ－ＬＭＰ基因转录增强,平均增高约１．４倍．结果说明,在ＭＴ－１基因调控区指导下,ＬＭＰ基因不但有ｍＲＮＡ水平的表达,而且其表达受重金属镉的调控,上述结果为制备ＭＴ－ＬＭＰ转基因小鼠     

小鼠细小病毒非结构基因转基因小鼠的建立

为探讨小鼠细小病毒（ＭＶＭ）非结构蛋白在ＭＶＭ感染中的抗肿瘤作用,酶切表达质粒ｐＵＬＢ３２３８获取该非结构基因,通过显微注射法接种入小鼠受精卵内制备转基因鼠。共注射受精卵７２０枚,选取存活受精卵２２５枚植入假孕小鼠输卵管,产仔１４只。转基因小鼠尾部组织ＰＣＲ法ＤＮＡ检测证明,其中４只整合靶基因。整合转基因的４只Ｇ０代小鼠与正常Ｃ５７ＢＬ／５Ｊ小鼠配种均可生产整合靶基因的小鼠。ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法ｍＲＮＡ     

大鼠甘氨肽酰化单氧酶在CHO细胞中的活怀表达及在体外酰胺化？…

将大鼠脑ＣＤＮＡ库来源的ＰＡＭ基因片段,经克隆重组,成真核表达质粒ＰＳＶ－ＰＡＭ〈并转染ＣＨＯ细胞,获得在ＣＨＯ中稳定表达活性型α－酰胺化酶的细胞株ＤＧＡＥ。 物为双功能酶,分泌至培养基中的酶活力远高于胞内。体外酰胺化加工研究表明。以α－Ｎ＿ａｃｅｔｙｌ－Ｔｙｒ－Ｖａｌ－Ｇｌｙ为底物,该酶催化反应的Ｋｍ为１２．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｖｍａｘ为１８０μｍｏｌ／ｍｇ／ｈ,而且催化反应中表现中有最适铜离子浓度     

鸡马立克氏病病毒B抗原片段在大肠杆菌中表达

鸡马立克氏病病毒ＢａｍＨＩ基因文库Ｉ３质粒中含有编码Ｂ抗原膜外Ｄｏｍａｉｎ的ＤＮＡ序列。经ＳｃａＩ和ＳｐｈＩ双酶酶解Ｉ３质粒,分离获得７６４ｂｐＤＮＡ片段,并克隆进Ｍ１３ｍｐ１９中。ＤＮＡ序列测定分析表明克隆片段为ＭＤＶ－Ｂ抗原基因的４９４－１２５８ｂｐ部分序列。进一步分离ＮｃｏＩ－ＨｉｎｄＩＩＩ部分基因片（５３０ｂｐ）,克隆于ＰＬＰｒｏｍｏｔｅｒ控制下的含有修饰型ｃＩｔｓ８５７基因的表达载体中,     

用PCR扩增和克隆马立克氏病病毒糖蛋白D基因

用ＰＣＲ技术,从ＧＡ株马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）感染的成纤维细胞（ＧＥＦ）基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增出ＭＤＶ糖蛋白Ｄ（ｇＤ）抗原基因片段的约１３００ｂｐ编码序列,将该ｐｃＲ扩增的产物于ＥｃｏＲＩ和Ｋｐｎｌ位点克隆到ｐＵＣ１８质粒载体中,在以ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ（ｄｉｇ）标记的ｇＤＰＣＲ产物作为探针,进行原位杂交初步筛选到阳性重组质粒克隆,再根据酶切分析筛选到含ＭＤＶｇＤ基因的重组质粒ｐ１８ＭｇＤ。将ｐ１８ＭｇＤ质粒ＤＮＡ用ｄｉｇ标记后,在Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ中,该探针能识别ＭＤＶ基因组ＤＮＡ的ＢａｍＨＩ－Ａ克隆中的Ａ片段ＤＮＡ。酶切位点分析表明,该ｇＤ克隆也和已发表的ＭＤＶ的ＲＢＩＢ株ｇＤ一样,不含有ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＳｍａⅠ、ｐｖｕⅡ等酶切位点。证明该重组质粒是ＭＤＶｇＤ克隆。     

美洲鲽抗冻蛋白基因的亚克隆及构建转基因鱼的表达载体

用限制性内切酶Ｐｓｔ Ｉ部分消解含有美洲鲽抗冻蛋白基因的ｐＣＴ５质粒,分离得到３２４ｂｐ的片段,将此片段亚克隆到ｐＵＣ１９质粒中,筛选到ｐＵＣ－ＡＦ重组子。从ｐＵＣ－ＡＦ重组子中,用ＢａｍＨＩ和ＨｉｒｄⅢ切下３２４ｂｐ的抗冻蛋白基因,再重组到含有ＳＶ４０病毒启动子的ｐＫＳＶ－１０的载体中,构建成转基因鱼的表达载体,此表达载何可用于鱼的基因转移的研究。     

hBMP－2cDNA在COS细胞和小鼠肌肉中的表达

研究了骨形态发生蛋白ＢＭＰ－２ｃＤＮＡ在ＣＯＳ细胞和小鼠肌肉中的表达的情况,从ｐＳＰＳ６５ＢＭＰ－２质粒中回收ＢＭＰ－２ｃＤＮＡ,删除５＇端的非翻译序列,插入ｐＳＶＬ载体中,构建了含有ＢＭＰ－２全长编码序列的重组表达质粒ｐＳＶＬＢＭＰ－２。将表达质粒导入ＣＯＳ－７细胞中,细胞ＲＮＡ点杂交结果表明,转染ＢＭＰ－２基因的细胞内ＢＭＰ－２的ｍＲＮＡ水平明显升高;细胞培养上清的ＥＬＩＳＡ显示,转染ＢＭＰ－２ｃＤＮＡ后,细胞分泌产生的ＢＭＰ－２显著增加。小鼠实验发现,在肌肉内用注射法导入ＢＭＰ－２重组质粒后,局部组织内ＢＭＰ－２的ｍＲＮＡ转录水平也明显提高。     

人免疫缺陷病毒1型Rev单链抗体细胞内免疫抗病毒基因治疗研究

应用抗ＨＩＶ－１Ｒｅｖ单链抗体细胞内免疫方法,研究在人Ｔ细胞和周围血淋巴单核细胞内抗病毒复制的效果,探讨细胞内免疫抗ＨＩＶ－１基因治疗的可行性。克隆抗ＨＩＶ－１Ｒｅｖ单链抗抗体（ｓＦｖ）基因,以逆转录病毒为基因载体,将名装后的含靶基因的逆转录病毒转导至人ＣＤ４阳性Ｔ－细胞株ＣＥＭ和ＳｕｐＴ１,以及ＨＩＶ－１阴性自愿者的周围血淋巴单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）,再分别用不同剂量（ＭＯＩ）的ＨＩＶ－１病毒株ＰＮ     

激光微束诱导pSV—β质粒导入Hela细胞的研究

本文报道了用一套Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ紫外激光微束系统研究基因转移。我们以ｐＳＶ－β质粒（β－半乳糖甙酶基因）作为报道基因,利用外激光微束将其导入Ｈｅｌａ细胞中,通过组织化学染色检测到质粒在Ｈｅｌａ细胞中获得表达,在最佳的激光辐照条件下,Ｈｅｌａ细胞的导入表达成功率在８０％以上。本工作是国内首次报道激光微束诱导外源基因进入动物细胞中获得表达,为激光微束技术在动、植物细胞高效率导入外源ＤＮＡ的研究中摸索到一套     

Bovine Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene-Promoter Regions Involved in Basal and Angiotensin II-Stimulated Expression in Nontransformed Adrenal Medullary Cells

Abstract: The tyrosine hydroxylase gene is expressed specifically in catecholaminergic cells, and its activity is regulated by afferent stimuli. To characterize molecular mechanisms underlying those regulations, we have constructed chimeric genes consisting of bovine tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoters (wild-type or deletion mutants) and a luciferase reporter gene. The basal expression of these genes and their regulation by angiotensin II were examined in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Luciferase activity was normalized to the amount of transfected plasmid DNA. A pTHgoodLUC plasmid containing the -428/+21-bp fragment of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter expressed luciferase activity at severalfold higher levels than the promoterless pOLUC plasmid. Deletion of the -194/-54-bp promoter fragment containing POU/Oct, SP1, and other putative regulatory elements increased luciferase expression fivefold. An additional deletion further upstream (-269/-194 bp), including a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-responsive element (TRE)-like site, reduced promoter activity. These results indicate the presence of negatively and positively acting regions in the bovine tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter controlling basal promoter activity in adrenal medullary cells. Angiotensin II stimulated the expression of endogenous tyrosine hydroxylase gene and pTHgood-LUC approximately threefold without affecting the expression of pOLUC. A comparable threefold stimulation was observed following the deletion of the -194/-54-bp promoter region, despite the increase in basal promoter activity. Additional deletion of the -269/-194-bp promoter fragment reduced stimulation by angiotensin II to 1.5-fold. These results indicate that the angiotensin II receptor-responsive element is located in the -269/-194-bp promoter region containing the TRE-like site. Additional angiotensin II-responsive site(s) may be present outside this region. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated constitutive and angiotensin II-induced protein binding to the tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter. Some DNA-protein complexes were displaced with c-Fos antibodies. The results suggest that c-Fos-related antigens support basal promoter activity and mediate activation of tyrosine hydroxylase by angiotensin II receptor.     

Comparison of cDNA and genomic forms of tyrosine hydroxylase gene therapy of the brain with Trojan horse liposomes

BACKGROUND: The present study examines whether chromosomal derived forms of therapeutic genes can be delivered to brain following intravenous administration. The brain expression of a rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) cDNA is compared to the brain expression of a plasmid DNA encoding the 18 kb rat TH gene. METHODS: TH gene expression is measured in cell culture and in vivo in brain in experimental Parkinson's disease (PD). A total of four eukaryotic expression plasmids encoding rat TH were engineered wherein the size of the TH expression cassette ranged from 1.5 kb, in the case of the cDNA form of the gene, to 17.5 kb, in the case of the largest size genomic construct. The TH expression plasmids were delivered to either cultured cells or to rat brain in vivo with Trojan horse liposomes (THLs), which target the non-viral plasmid DNA to cells via cell membrane receptors. RESULTS: The pattern of TH gene expression in cell culture and in vivo was similar: the cDNA form of the TH gene was fast-acting with short duration of action, and the genomic form of the TH gene was slow-acting with longer duration of action. The most sustained replacement of striatal TH enzyme activity in experimental PD was produced by combination gene therapy where both the cDNA and the genomic forms of the TH gene were administered simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Eukaryotic expression plasmids encoding genomic forms of therapeutic genes, as large as 18 kb, can be successfully incorporated in THLs and delivered to brain following intravenous administration.     

An Adenoviral Vector-Based System to Study Neuronal Gene Expression: Analysis of the Rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase Promoter in Cultured Neurons

Abstract: We validated an adenoviral vector-based system as a move toward the characterization of regulatory sequences that are involved in the control of cell-type specificity and ligand regulation of neuronal gene expression in cultured neurons. We constructed recombinant adenoviruses, incorporating the luciferase gene under the control of different fragments of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter. Similar results for luciferase expression were obtained in immortalized cells either by infection using adenoviral constructs or by transfection using conventional plasmid vectors. Taking advantage of adenoviral vectors, we extended our experiments to various primary cell cultures. The first 800 bp of the TH promoter were found to be sufficient to confer a cell-type preferential activity in noradrenergic neurons of the rat superior cervical ganglia. Furthermore, using this neuronal culture model, we showed that the same promoter region carries leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF)-responsive element(s). Our results demonstrate that the first 800 bp of the rat TH promoter contains a functionally important core region for constitutive and LIF-regulated expression of TH in peripheral noradrenergic neurons. Moreover, the study validates the adenoviral vector-based system as a new strategy for studying the regulation of neuronal gene expression.     

An HSV-1 Vector Containing the Rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase Promoter Enhances Both Long-Term and Cell Type-Specific Expression in the Midbrain

Abstract: A defective herpes simplex virus type one (HSV-1) vector that contains a 6.8-kb fragment of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase promoter (pTHlac-7kb) was examined for its capability to target catecholaminergic cell type-specific expression in the CNS. Cell type-specific expression was assessed by comparison with a control vector (pHSVlac) that uses the HSV-1 immediate early 4/5 promoter to support expression in multiple cell types. In initial experiments comparing expression in catecholaminergic and noncatecholaminergic cell lines, pTHlac-7kb supported a seven- to 20-fold increase in reporter gene expression in catecholaminergic cell lines. Four days after stereotactic injection into the midbrain of adult rats, pTHlac-7kb supported a 10-fold targeting of β-galactosidase expression to tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta compared with pHSVlac. Expression from pTHlac-7kb was stably maintained for 6 weeks with no significant changes in the pattern of expression. Long-term expression from pTHlac-7kb was confirmed by RNA and DNA analysis. In contrast, reporter gene expression in the midbrain from pHSVlac decreased ∼30-fold between 4 days and 6 weeks after gene transfer. Thus, within the context of this HSV-1 vector system, the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter enhanced cell type-specific expression and contributed to stable, long-term expression of a recombinant gene product in neurons. The capability to target recombinant gene expression to catecholaminergic neurons in specific brain areas may be useful for studies on the roles of these neurons in brain physiology and behavior.