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1.
云南木兰科植物物种资源及其种质库的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
1980~1993年期间,在对云南省木兰科植物调查中,发现云南省有木兰科植物11属120余种并较集中地分布于滇东南,滇西南和滇西北地区。为了保存、发展和利用木兰科植物资源,建立了三个种质库基地,在24 hm 2面积内,共保存10属129种,初步建立起木兰科种质库网络。 相似文献
2.
通过详细分析现代木兰科 (Magnoliaceae)植物的分布以及讨论中国木兰科植物区系和世界木兰科植物区系的关系 ,认为中国是木兰科植物现代分布中心及多样化中心 ,同时也是原始类群的保存中心和分化中心 ,并据此推测中国可能是木兰科植物的发祥地。 相似文献
3.
中国木兰科植物爱威胁的状况及其保护措施 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17
木兰科(Magnoliaceae)植物是原始的被子植物,中国是木兰科植物的起源中心,在地史上木兰科植物有过广泛分布,木兰科植物有重要经济作用。近年来,由于各地森林遭受强度破坏和碎化,许多种类的生存受到严重威胁。本文主要探讨中国木兰科植物的地理分布和区系性质,受威胁现状和保护措施,以及木兰科植物的开发利用等。 相似文献
4.
木兰科的化石记录 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过整理和分析木兰科植物的化石记录发现:不论是植物大化石还是花粉,迄今为止在白垩纪以前地层中尚无可靠的记录,自白垩纪以来,木兰科的许多种广泛发生于北半球,如亚洲,欧洲及北美等地,但非洲和大洋洲至今尚未发现木兰科的化石记录。该科最早的化石记录为中国东北延吉地区早白垩世大拉子组的喙柱始木兰Archimagnolia rostrato-stylose Tao et Zhang. 根据现有化石记录,并结合木兰科现代植物的地理分布,推测:1)木兰科的起源时间不迟于早白垩世Aptian-Albian期;2)木兰科起源地点可能是东亚,后来经过欧洲进入北美,再从北美迁移到达南美洲;3)在地质历史时期,木兰属的出现比鹅掌楸属早,从而支持根据形态学与分子系统学研究得出的木兰属较鹅掌楸属原始的结论。 相似文献
5.
中国木兰科11属40种植物的核形态研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
为了探讨木兰科属间系统学关系和一些种的分类学地位,对中国木兰科11属40种进行了核形态研究。所研究的20种木莲属植物都为二倍体,表明木莲属植物主要是在二倍体水平上进化的,不同的种类具有各自的遗传组成,细微的染色体结构变异可能导致种间形态发生了明显的变化。木兰属的染色体数目具多样性,表明属内存在着不同倍性水平上的进化,说明木兰属分布广泛、形态复杂多样有其细胞学基础。细胞学证据支持木莲属应为独立的属,不宜于归并到木兰属。已观察的含笑属都为二倍体,而木兰属玉兰亚属的大多数种类为多倍体。我们认为维持现有的含笑属的分类地位和范围是恰当的,不支持将含笑属和玉兰亚属合并为一属。拟单性木兰属都是多倍体。木兰科植物形态特征重叠,性状呈网状进化,细胞学证据在探讨一些大属属下种的分类地位时具有一定价值,但论及整个科的分类系统和属间亲缘关系时,作用比较微弱。本文在细胞学基础上,结合形态和地理分布,重点对木莲属一些种类的分类地位进行了讨论。 相似文献
6.
云南部分木兰科植物染色体数目报道 总被引:14,自引:5,他引:9
木兰科是有花植物中最原始的科之一,有15属约250种。其中,我国有11属90多种。研究木兰科的染色体对植物的系统分类、植物进化及开花植物的起源有很重要的作用。但由于木兰科的染色体较小,细胞去壁较困难,所以对木兰科染色体的研究进行较缓慢。Whitaker (1933)首次对木兰属(Magnolia)进行细胞学研究发现,木兰科染色体基数为x=19。Janaki Ammal (1952)报道,在木兰科中,除木兰属外, 相似文献
7.
江西木兰科植物区系地理分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对江西木兰科植物7属23种的地理分布和区系特征进行了分析。属的分布区类型可划分为:热带亚洲分布、东亚一北美间断分布和中国特有分布。种的分布区类型可划分为:热带亚洲分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布。江西木兰科植物可划分为赣北、赣西北、赣西南、赣南、赣东南、赣东北共6个分布区。该区系以亚热带成分为主,具有种类丰富、区系成分复杂、多型性突出、特有现象较显著和与周边省份联系较密切等特点,属木兰科植物现代分布中心边缘分化比较强烈的区域之一。 相似文献
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9.
木兰科植物的嫁接繁殖 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
本文对38种木兰科植物的嫁接繁殖进行了试验,全部嫁接成功,平均成活率为44.0%。不同属的木兰科植物之间有较大的亲和力,多数种可进行属间嫁接。嫁接时间和砧木选择是影响木兰科植物嫁接成活率的主要因素,嫁接方法对成活率也有一定的影响。木兰科植物的嫁接苗比实生苗具有更强的适应性和速生性。 相似文献
10.
楚雄州野生木兰科植物资源调查及分布研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
钱迎新 《中国野生植物资源》2006,25(1):37-38
通过调查得出:楚雄州野生木兰科植物有3属10种,各种分布的范围,分布状况,并且定性的分析了楚雄州内影响野生木兰科植物分布的因素是人为因素和自然因素。 相似文献
11.
木兰科为亚洲-美洲间断分布科,全世界有15属,246种,主要分布于亚洲东南部的热带、亚热带地区,从喜马拉雅至日本,向南达新几内亚及新不列颠;少数种类分布于北美东南部、中美至南美巴西.中国有11属,约99种.木兰科的现代分布中心在东亚-东南亚地区.根据木兰科的化石记录、系统发育和现代分布,推测其起源时间为早白垩纪,甚至更早.起源地可能在中国的西南地区,并由此向外辐射,向东经日本、俄罗斯远东地区经白令陆桥进入北美;向西经西亚、欧洲,通过格陵兰进入北美,然后到达南美;向南经印度支那、马来西亚,直至新几内亚.东亚-北美间断分布的形成是受第四纪冰期的影响;南美的木兰科是从北美迁移而来. 相似文献
12.
木兰科为亚洲-美洲间断分布科,全世界有15属,246种,主要分布于亚洲东南部的热带、亚热带地区,从喜马拉雅至日本,向南达新几内亚及新不列颠;少数种类分布于北美东南部、中美至南美巴西.中国有11属,约99种.木兰科的现代分布中心在东亚-东南亚地区.根据木兰科的化石记录、系统发育和现代分布,推测其起源时间为早白垩纪,甚至更早.起源地可能在中国的西南地区,并由此向外辐射,向东经日本、俄罗斯远东地区经白令陆桥进入北美;向西经西亚、欧洲,通过格陵兰进入北美,然后到达南美;向南经印度支那、马来西亚,直至新几内亚.东亚-北美间断分布的形成是受第四纪冰期的影响;南美的木兰科是从北美迁移而来. 相似文献
13.
鹅观草属的几个新组合 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报道了禾本科鹅观草属的三个种级新组合和四个变种级新组合。即大丛鹅观草Roegneriamagnicaespis(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;新疆鹅观草Roegneriasinkiangensis(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;阿尔泰鹅观草Roegneriaaltaica(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;短芒鹅观草Roegneriaglaberrimavar.breviarista(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;林缘鹅观草Roegneriamutabilisvar.nemoralis(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;多花鹅观草Roegneriaabolinivar.pluriflora(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai和曲芒鹅观草Roegneriatschimganicavar.glabrispicula(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai。 相似文献
14.
吴德邻 《热带亚热带植物学报》1994,2(2):1-14
本文讨论了姜科的分类系统、起源、进化和地理分布.姜科为一还热带分布科,按Burtt[8]的系统分2亚科4族.全世界有52属,约1377种,其中姜亚科含48属,1268种.主要分布于热带亚洲.其现代分布中心在印度-马来西亚。闭鞘姜亚科含4属,109种,主要分布于热带美洲及非洲。本文在化石资料及现代分布资料的基础上,讨论了姜科的早期分化时间、地点及现代分布格局形成。化石记录表明.欧洲、北美及印度的白垩纪、早第三纪均发现过姜科的化石,据此姜科植物的起源时间应不晚于早白垩纪。姜亚科的早期分化中心推论在劳亚古陆的南部.欧洲和北美没有现代姜科的分布是因为第三纪冰期的影响.而亚洲热带地区现代姜科植物繁盛是因为气候适宜.且相对稳定所致.南美的姜亚科种类应是由非洲传人.而大洋洲的姜亚科种类则是由马来西亚传入.闭鞘姜亚科的早期分化中心推论在西冈瓦纳古陆.亚洲及大洋洲的闭鞘姜亚科的种类应是随印度板块飘向亚洲时传入。中国姜科植物有22属.209种(占全世界属的42%.种的15%).主要分布于马来西亚亚区(占全国属的90%).其次为中国喜马拉雅亚区(占全国属的68%)。最少为中国-日本亚区(占全国属的45%)。统计数字表明.马来西亚 相似文献
15.
The arcto‐Tertiary relictual flora is comprised of many genera that occur non‐contiguously in the temperate zones of eastern Asia, Europe, eastern North America, and western North America. Within each distributional area, species are typically endemic and may thus be widely separated from closely related species within the other areas. It is widely accepted that this common pattern of distribution resulted from of the fragmentation of a once more‐continuous arcto‐Tertiary forest. The historical biogeographic events leading to the present‐day disjunction have often been investigated using a phylogenetic approach. Limitations to these previous studies have included phylogenetic uncertainty and uncertainty in ancestral range reconstructions. However, the recently described Bayes‐DIVA method handles both types of uncertainty. Thus, we used Bayes‐DIVA analysis to reconstruct the stem lineage distributions for 185 endemic lineages from 23 disjunct genera representing 17 vascular plant families. In particular, we asked whether endemic lineages within each of the four distributional areas more often evolved from (1) widespread ancestors, (2) ancestors dispersed from other areas, or (3) endemic ancestors. We also considered which of these three biogeographic mechanisms may best explain the origins of arcto‐Tertiary disjunct endemics in the neotropics. Our results show that eastern Asian endemics more often evolved from endemic ancestors compared to endemics in Europe and eastern and western North America. Present‐day endemic lineages in the latter areas more often arose from widespread ancestors. Our results also provide anecdotal evidence for the importance of dispersal in the biogeographic origins of arcto‐Tertiary species endemic in the neotropics. 相似文献
16.
T R Platt 《The Journal of parasitology》1992,78(4):616-629
Cladistic analysis of the freshwater genera of Spirorchinae (Schistosomatoidea: Spirorchidae sensu Yamaguti, 1971) plus Haematotrema Stunkard, 1923, and Aphanospirorchis Platt, 1990, was completed. The Spirorchinae were considered monophyletic based on synapomorphies of the esophagus. Three lineages, Spirhapalum (Europe/Asia), Plasmiorchis+Hemiorchis (India), and Spirorchis + Henotosoma + Haematotrema + Aphanospirorchis (North America), were identified. Nelsen consensus analysis was used as the basis for recognizing 3 valid monophyletic genera: Spirhapalum, Plasmiorchis, and Spirorchis. Hapalotrematinae sensu Smith, 1972 (e.g., Hapalorhynchus/Coeuritrema), is considered the most plesiomorphic group of spirorchids. Freshwater representatives of the hapalotrematines have been reported from 7 of 12 extant turtle families, including the relatively primitive Pelomedusidae (Pleurodira) and exhibit a worldwide distribution. It is hypothesized that this group arose in the early Triassic period, prior to the breakup of Pangea. Thus, it represents a primitive lineage that was present during the diversification of turtle lineages in the mid-Mesozoic era. Spirorchinae arose later (late Cretaceous period) as a Laurasian component parasitic in the more recent pond turtles (Emydidae + Bataguridae). Species of Spirhapalum retained a relatively plesiomorphic distribution, and they are found in emydids (Europe) and batagurids (Asia). Species of Spirorchis arose and diversified with North America emydids following the separation of North America and Europe in the late Cretaceous or early Tertiary periods. Species of Plasmiorchis are hypothesized to be derived from Asian ancestors that accompanied the colonization of India by Asian batagurids during the early Tertiary period. The presence of Spirorchis species in snapping turtles (Chelydridae/North America) and of Plasmiorchis species in Indian soft-shelled turtle (Trionychidae) are considered independent colonization events. 相似文献
17.
Species richness in plant genera disjunct between temperate eastern Asia and North America 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
QINFENG GUO ROBERT E. RICKLEFS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2000,134(3):401-423
The species richness of 109 amphi-Pacific disjunct genera was examined in eastern Asia and North America. Although the entire flora of eastern Asia contains approximately one-third more species than that of North America, the difference in species richness among disjunct taxa is less. When woody and herbaceous genera are considered separately, the former exhibit a strong diversity bias favouring eastern Asia whereas there is no significant difference in diversity between continents among herbaceous genera. This result is not due to habitat differences between woody and herbaceous genera, because the disjunct herbs inhabit primarily moist forests and woodlands. This result is also not related to relative phylogenetic advancement, even though older major lineages of plants tend to have a predominance of woody taxa. Woody genera are distributed in lower latitudes than herbaceous genera on both continents, and both woody and herbaceous genera are distributed in lower latitudes in eastern Asia than in North America. The North American temperate flora is primarily a relict of a flora form 7 more widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Contemporary patterns of diversity suggest that the effects of climate changes in the late Tertiary were less severe in eastern Asia and promoted diversification, but were more severe in North America and may have caused widespread extinction. The difference in the effect of climate change on diversity in herbaceous and woody lineages reflects the different ecological relationships of species having these contrasting life forms. Clearly, the contemporary floras of eastern Asia and North America bear the imprint of history and emphasize the important interface between ecological relationships and evolutionary responses. 相似文献
18.
Abstract. Using comprehensive range information of northern Hemisphere birds and mammals, we assessed the taxonomic diversity of these two groups in four different regions: Europe, east Asia, and western and eastern North America. East Asia is the richest region in the number of bird and mammal species, genera, families and orders, except that mammal species richness is highest in western North America. Eastern North America is taxonomically the poorest region, but when only forest-associated taxa were considered in mammals taxonomic diversity is equally low in Europe and in eastern North America, and in birds, Europe is the least diverse region. Patterns in endemic taxa follow overall taxonomic diversity. The proportion of shared taxa between regions is higher among boreal species and genera than among all taxa. A comparison with tree species diversity underpins the role of east Asia as the most diverse of all northern biota. Largely congruent patterns at different taxonomic levels emphasizes the role of historical processes, such as differential extinction rate in response to paleoenvironmental fluctuations, in producing these patterns, but we stress the need for more research on the coevolution of species diversity and habitat diversity. 相似文献