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1.
 以三江源地区主要草地类型为研究对象,分析了不同草地类型土壤有机碳和全氮的变化特征及其与环境因子、土壤特征等的相互关系。结果表明:沿着海拔的逐渐升高,土壤有机碳和全氮含量均呈现出 “V"字形变化规律,即土壤有机碳氮含量在海拔最高处(5 120 m )和最低处(4 176 m)比较高,而在中间海拔梯度较低,土壤有机碳与全氮含量极显著相 关(r= 0.905)且高寒草甸土壤碳、氮含量高于高山草原土壤碳、氮含量;土壤中有机碳含量和全氮含量均随着土壤含水量的增加而增加,偏相关分析结果表明:对0~30 cm土层中土壤有机碳和土壤全氮影响最大的是土壤含水量,偏相关系数为0.946 5、0.905 9(p<0.01);土壤有机碳含量和全氮含量与植被盖度和草地生产力存在正相关趋势;土壤有机碳含量和全氮含量与土壤pH值和全盐量存在负相关趋势。  相似文献   

2.
盐城海滨湿地盐沼植被对土壤碳氮分布特征的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在盐城海滨湿地不同植被带下采集土壤样品,研究了土壤有机碳和全氮的空间分布特征,分析了盐沼植物对湿地土壤碳、氮分布的影响.结果表明:在盐城海滨湿地,表层土壤中有机碳和全氮含量分别介于1.71~7.92 g·kg-1和0.17~0.36 g·kg-1之间,变幅较大,不同植被带之间存在显著差异,且各植被带表层土壤中有机碳、全氮含量均高于光滩.垂直方向上,各植被带土壤中有机碳、全氮的分布均呈自表向下逐渐降低的趋势,15 cm以下其含量基本保持稳定.土壤有机碳与全氮、碳氮比呈显著正相关,但全氮与碳氮比无显著相关性.  相似文献   

3.
盐城海滨湿地盐沼植被对土壤碳氮分布特征的影响   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
在盐城海滨湿地不同植被带下采集土壤样品,研究了土壤有机碳和全氮的空间分布特征,分析了盐沼植物对湿地土壤碳、氮分布的影响.结果表明:在盐城海滨湿地,表层土壤中有机碳和全氮含量分别介于1.71~7.92 g·kg-1和0.17~0.36 g·kg-1之间,变幅较大,不同植被带之间存在显著差异,且各植被带表层土壤中有机碳、全氮含量均高于光滩.垂直方向上,各植被带土壤中有机碳、全氮的分布均呈自表向下逐渐降低的趋势,15 cm以下其含量基本保持稳定.土壤有机碳与全氮、碳氮比呈显著正相关,但全氮与碳氮比无显著相关性.  相似文献   

4.
毛乌素沙地南缘沙漠化临界区域土壤水分和植被空间格局   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
应用地统计学和经典统计学方法,对毛乌素沙地南缘沙漠化临界区域土壤水分和植被特征的空间分布格局及其相互关系进行研究,结果表明: 0-5 cm和5-10 cm土壤水分符合指数模型,10-15 cm土壤水分和植物群落物种数、植被盖度、植被密度都符合球状模型;0-5 cm土壤水分、植物群落物种数和植被盖度都具有强空间自相关性,5-10 cm、10-15 cm土壤水分和植被密度都具有中等程度的空间自相关性;从牛枝子群落到黑沙蒿群落,各层土壤水分与植物群落物种数之间具有相似的空间格局,都呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,而植被盖度和植被密度呈逐渐减小的变化趋势;0-5 cm土壤水分与植物群落物种数之间具有显著的正相关,是制约植被物种空间分布的关键因素。  相似文献   

5.
以阿尔金山国家级自然保护区的植物群落为研究对象,用样方法调查分析了不同植物群落的物种多样性、生物量的空间格局及其与环境因子间的关系。结果表明:西南高海拔地区主要植被类型为高寒草原,东北低海拔地区主要植被类型为沼泽草甸和高寒草原,西北部中海拔和东南低海拔区域的植被类型则主要为高寒荒漠;植物群落的物种多样性和生物量并未表现出明显的纬度、经度和海拔梯度变化;植物群落的多样性指数与土壤全氮、土壤总碳、土壤有机碳呈显著正相关,与土壤含水量呈极显著正相关;植物生物量与土壤有机碳和土壤含水量呈显著正相关,与土壤全氮呈极显著正相关,与土壤容重呈显著负相关。综上,阿尔金山保护区内植物群落生物多样性与生物量的空间分异是地理因子、土壤因子以及气象条件等综合作用的结果,在保护区尺度上土壤和气象因子对植物群落的影响超过地理因子的影响。  相似文献   

6.
浑善达克沙地无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)空间分布格局   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
通过西北-东南和东北-西南方向两条宽5m×长3km的样带和一块4m×4m的样方调查,研究了浑善达克沙地无芒雀麦、植被、土壤水分及土壤盐分的空间变异特点及其相互关系。结果表明,样带内植被盖度、无芒雀麦盖度、土壤水分和土壤盐分的空间变化格局相似,然而,在不同的空间方向上,它们具有不同的空间变化;样方内无芒雀麦地上部生物量、分株数和土壤盐分具有相似的空间变化格局,但却不同于植被地上部总生物量和土壤水分的空间变化格局。相关分析表明,样带内植被盖度、无芒雀麦盖度与土壤水分和土壤盐分之间均具有显著的正相关关系。土壤水分和土壤盐分也具有显著的正相关。样方内无芒雀麦地上部生物量、分株数及植被地上部总生物量与土壤水分均具有显著的正相关关系,但与土壤盐分没有显著的相关关系。无芒雀麦地上部生物量、分株数和植被地上部总生物量三者之间,以及土壤水分和土壤盐分之间也均具有显著的正相关关系。研究结果表明了植被与土壤之间的相互关系依赖于空间尺度。  相似文献   

7.
土壤水分含量是植被格局形成和演变的主要因素。探讨干旱区盐沼湿地土壤水分含量的空间异质性,有助于揭示湿地植物的环境适应机理和土壤水分与湿地植物的相互关系。本研究利用地统计学方法建立了嘉峪关草湖湿地3个不同长势(植被盖度高、中、低)假苇拂子茅(Calamagrostis pseudophragmites)单优种群斑块土壤(0~90 cm)水分含量与植被盖度的变异函数理论模型,以Kriging插值法绘制了土壤水分含量与植被盖度的空间格局分布图,采用Moran I系数确定了湿地土壤水分含量和植被盖度的空间自相关关系,分析了湿地土壤水分含量与植被盖度的空间异质性及其相互作用关系。结果表明:草湖湿地样地土壤的平均含水量为湖边干湖沙丘间平地;盐分平均含量为干湖湖边沙丘间平地;在斑块尺度上,土壤水分含量和植被盖度均符合正态分布;各层土壤水分含量和假苇拂子茅盖度的空间结构均具有明显的斑块状分布特点,且均存在高度的空间异质性; 3个样地各层土壤的水分含量和植被盖度均具有空间正相关性和空间集聚特征,60~90 cm土壤水分含量的空间集聚强度较0~30和30~60 cm土层更大,湖边样地植被盖度空间集聚特征更明显。假苇拂子茅最大限度利用土壤水分资源,提高了其对干旱生境的适应力,且在一定程度上影响小尺度土壤水分的空间分布格局。  相似文献   

8.
敦煌阳关湿地土壤有机碳分布特征及其影响因素   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
湿地生态系统土壤碳储量在全球碳平衡中起着重要作用。以敦煌阳关国家级自然保护区渥洼池草本沼泽湿地为研究对象,选取53个样地,采用分层采样方法(0~20、20~40和40~60 cm)对其中高盖度、中盖度、低盖度3种植被类型的土壤有机碳含量、分布特征及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)高盖度、中盖度、低盖度植被0~60 cm土壤的有机碳含量分别为4.94~25.89、4.77~13.89和3.56~11.42 g·kg~(-1),高盖度、中盖度植被20~40、40~60 cm的土壤有机碳含量与低盖度的差异显著(P0.05);高盖度植被土壤有机碳的空间变异最大,低盖度植被居中,中盖度植被最小;(2)土壤有机碳含量与土壤水分、全氮、全磷和N/P均呈显著正相关(P0.01),与土壤盐分、容重均呈显著负相关(P0.01)。通过多元线性回归分析,土壤水分是影响土壤有机碳积累的关键主导因素。上述研究结果可为干旱区湿地保护、管理以及生态恢复措施的制定提供科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
通过西北-东南和东北-西南方向两条宽5m×长3 km的样带和一块4m×4m的样方调查,研究了浑善达克沙地无芒雀麦、植被、土壤水分及土壤盐分的空间变异特点及其相互关系。结果表明,样带内植被盖度、无芒雀麦盖度、土壤水分和土壤盐分的空间变化格局相似,然而,在不同的空间方向上,它们具有不同的空间变化;样方内无芒雀麦地上部生物量、分株数和土壤盐分具有相似的空间变化格局,但却不同于植被地上部总生物量和土壤水分的空间变化格局。相关分析表明,样带内植被盖度、无芒雀麦盖度与土壤水分和土壤盐分之间均具有显著的正相关关系。土壤水分和土壤盐分也具有显著的正相关。样方内无芒雀麦地上部生物量、分株数及植被地上部总生物量与土壤水分均具有显著的正相关关系,但与土壤盐分没有显著的相关关系。无芒雀麦地上部生物量、分株数和植被地上部总生物量三者之间,以及土壤水分和土壤盐分之间也均具有显著的正相关关系。研究结果表明了植被与土壤之间的相互关系依赖于空间尺度。  相似文献   

10.
张永宽  陶冶  刘会良  张道远  吴小波 《生态学报》2012,32(21):6715-6725
准噶尔无叶豆(Eremosparton songoricum) 是中亚荒漠特有小半灌木,稀有种,在我国仅片段化分布于新疆古尔班通古特沙漠;它是流动沙丘的先锋物种,也能成功定居于人工固沙区(草方格)。对比研究了人工固沙区及自然流沙区的准噶尔无叶豆群落物种组成、种群密度、高度、盖度、生物量等特征及种群空间分布格局。结果表明:人工固沙区内的准噶尔无叶豆群落物种的科、属、种数均明显多于流沙区,而且2种生境物种相似性指数仅为0.522,表明人工固沙生境显著改变了群落物种组成与结构。除植株密度外,人工固沙区种群的高度,盖度,地上、地下及总生物量密度,单株地上、地下及总生物量等数量特征均显著高于流沙区。2种生境中准噶尔无叶豆种群空间分布的关联维数均接近2.0,体现了较强的个体空间相关性和空间占据能力。2种尺度(1 m和2 m)下的聚集度分析表明,2种生境中种群基本为随机分布。因而,人工固沙生境并未明显改变种群空间分布格局,这可能是种群的固有特性。人工固沙区的土壤有机质、全氮和有效氮含量显著高于流沙区,且与种群数量特征(植株密度除外)呈显著正相关。总之,与流沙区相比,人工固沙使地表得到固定,提高了土壤有机质和氮素含量,明显改变了定居于其中的准噶尔无叶豆种群主要数量特征,增强了种群的生存和适应能力。该结论对荒漠濒危植物的保育具有重要指示意义。  相似文献   

11.
毛乌素沙化景观内斑块间的多种边界   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1 引  言时空异质性是自然系统的普遍特征 ,陆地景观镶嵌体由许多不同的具有内部相对同质性的斑块组成 .因此 ,当考虑整个景观时 ,相邻斑块之间的边界就成为一个不容忽视的景观组分[13 ] .长期以来 ,与边界有关的生态学问题在基础和应用生态学研究的不同领域中备受关注[5,9,10 ,15] .Wiens等[16]提出一个研究景观生态系统空间斑块性的概念框架———边界动态 ,通过对景观镶嵌体中相邻斑块间的边界的研究 ,来揭示生态系统功能的空间结构 .为了增强对形成和维持生态学边界的各种过程的理解 ,首先应确定边界的空间位置[6] .因此许多确…  相似文献   

12.
Grazing is one of the major anthropogenic driving factors influencing community structure and ecological function of grasslands. Fencing has been proved to be one of the main measures for rehabilitating degraded grasslands in northwestern China. However, data from combined empirical studies on the effects of different management regimes in desert grasslands are lacking. So we selected long‐term fencing (fenced since 1991), mid‐term fencing and seasonal fencing (fenced since 2002), and adjacent free‐grazing grasslands to investigate vegetation and soil properties on southwest Mu Us desert. Our results showed that fencing increased plant cover, height, aboveground biomass (AGB) of different plant life‐form groups, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, Evenness index, Simpson index, total soil nitrogen, total soil phosphorus, and soil organic matter, but decreased plant density, species richness, Richness index, soil bulk density, water content, and pH. However, 22–24 years of long‐term complete fencing might cause redegradation of vegetation and soil nutrients, characterized by the reduction of some vegetation properties, biodiversity, total AGB, and some soil properties. Seasonal fencing with 11–13 year was more beneficial to vegetation restoration than that with completely fencing measures. Our study suggests that appropriate artificial disturbances, such as seasonal fencing (winter grazing and summer fencing), should be used after long‐term fencing in order to maintain grassland productivity and biodiversity. These findings will help to provide theoretical support for vegetation restoration and sustainable management in grassland under grazing prohibition at Mu Us desert.  相似文献   

13.
Soil properties (i.e. soil organic carbon, SOC; soil organic nitrogen, SON; and soil C/N ratio) and vegetation in a semiarid grassland of Inner Mongolia, northern China, were studied with the method of geostatistical analysis. We examined the spatial heterogeneity of soil and plants, and possible impacts of land use on their heterogeneity and on the relationship between soil resources and plant richness. Land use affected small scale spatial heterogeneity in plants and soil. SOC, SON and C/N ratio displayed autocorrelation over a range of ~2 m under most circumstances on sites where livestock grazing had been excluded. The uncontrolled grazing site (UG, i.e. unregulated grazing by excessive livestock) displayed an increased range of spatial autocorrelation and the total amount of variability in soil nitrogen over the other land use types. Plant life forms and plant species exhibited spatial autocorrelation over a range of about 2 m on the grazing exclusion (GE) and mowed (MW) sites, while pattern of spatial autocorrelation for several less common species on the UG site were difficult to predict. Plant species richness was positively related with spatial heterogeneity of SOC, SON and C/N on both GE and MW sites, and with only SOC heterogeneity on the UG site. These suggest that spatial soil heterogeneity plays an active role in maintaining plant species richness. However, we call for caution in generalization of the control of spatial soil heterogeneity over plant richness when multiple modes of disturbances are present, as we found in this study that higher total amount of variation in soil nitrogen and C/N ratio on the over-grazed UG site did not lead to increased plant species richness, and that land use had apparent effects on the patterns of spatial heterogeneity in both vegetation and soil.  相似文献   

14.
Widely occurred woody encroachment in grass‐dominated ecosystems has the potential to influence soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) pools at local, regional, and global scales. Evaluation of this potential requires assessment of both pool sizes and their spatial patterns. We quantified SOC and TN, their relationships with soil and vegetation attributes, and their spatial scaling along a catena (hill‐slope) gradient in the southern Great Plains, USA where woody cover has increased substantially over the past 100 years. Quadrat variance analysis revealed spatial variation in SOC and TN at two scales. The larger scale variation (40–45 m) was approximately the distance between centers of woody plant communities and their adjoining herbaceous patches. The smaller scale variation (10 m) appeared to reflect the local influence of shrubs on SOC and TN. Litter, root biomass, shrub, and tree basal area (a proxy for plant age) exhibited not only similar spatial scales, but also strong correlations with SOC and TN, suggesting invasive woody plants alter both the storage and spatial scaling of SOC and TN through ecological processes related primarily to root turnover and, to a lesser extent litter production, as mediated by time of occupancy. Forb and grass biomass were not significantly correlated with SOC and TN suggesting that changes in herbaceous vegetation have not been the driving force for the observed changes in SOC and TN. Because SOC and TN varied at two scales, it would be inappropriate to estimate SOC and TN pools at broad scales by extrapolating from point sampling at fine scales. Sampling designs that capture variation at multiple scales are required to estimate SOC and TN pools at broader scales. Knowledge of spatial scaling and correlations will be necessary to design field sampling protocols to quantify the biogeochemical consequences of woody plant encroachment at broad scales.  相似文献   

15.
该研究以桂林岩溶石山灌丛植物为对象,分析了灌丛群落物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数与土壤环境因子随坡向(阴坡-阳坡)梯度的变化规律。结果表明:(1)土壤含水量、土壤温度、土壤pH和土壤全磷均对植物群落类型及物种分布具有显著的影响,坡向对植物群落类型及物种分布具有极显著的影响;而土壤全氮、土壤有效氮和土壤有机碳对植物群落类型及物种分布则均无显著影响。(2)除Pielou均匀度指数在阴坡与阳坡差异不显著外,物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数对不同坡向微生境均存在显著差异。其中,物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数在不同坡向上均表现出相同的变化趋势,即阴坡大于阳坡。(3)除土壤pH值和土壤全磷含量差异不显著外,坡向对土壤含水量、土壤温度、土壤全氮含量、土壤有效氮含量、土壤有机碳含量均产生显著的影响。其中,土壤含水量、土壤有效氮含量、土壤有机碳含量则为阴坡大于阳坡,而土壤温度和土壤全氮含量为阴坡小于阳坡。(4)多元逐步回归分析表明,在阴坡上,各土壤环境因子对物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数作用均不显著;在阳坡上,物种丰富度指数与土壤温度呈显著负相关、与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关; Shannon-Wiener指数与土壤含水量和土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关; Pielou均匀度指数与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关、与土壤全磷含量呈显著负相关。  相似文献   

16.
A field survey was conducted to detect signals of atmospheric nitrogen (N) in 11 dune systems along a nitrogen deposition gradient in the United Kingdom. In the mobile and semi-fixed dunes, above-ground biomass was positively related to N inputs. This increase was largely due to increased height and cover of Ammophila arenaria. In the long term, this increased biomass may lead to increased organic matter accumulation and consequently accelerated soil development. In the fixed dunes, above ground biomass also showed a positive relationship with N inputs as did soil C : N ratio while soil available N was negatively related to N inputs. Plant species richness was negatively related to N inputs. In the dune slacks, while soil and bulk vegetation parameters showed no relationship with N inputs, cover of Carex arenaria and Hypochaeris radicata increased. Site mean Ellenberg N numbers showed no relationship with N deposition either within habitats or across the whole dataset. Neither abundance-weighting nor inclusion of the Siebel numbers for bryophytes improved the relationship. The survey reveals that the relationships of soil and vegetation with atmospheric N deposition vary between sand dune habitats but, despite this variability, clear correlations with N inputs exist. While this survey cannot establish causality, on the basis of the relationships observed we suggest a critical load range of 10 - 20 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) for coastal sand dunes in the UK.  相似文献   

17.
This study investigated the relationship between vegetation coverage, species richness, and environmental factors, and also analyzed the relationship between vegetation coverage, species richness, and dune stability in different terrains, in the southern part of Gurbantünggüt Desert in China. The results showed that the order of vegetation coverage and species richness was greatest in middle areas, followed by the eastern areas, with the western areas being sparse. On a large scale, precipitation from April to June determined the amount of vegetation coverage. On a small scale, vegetation coverage was influenced by the type of terrain and the water and salt content in soils. Species richness of vegetation was determined by soil water and salt content on both the large and small scales. There were also remarkable differences in relative wind erosion among the different terrains and their order was: crest, slope, and inter-dune in descending order. The correlations between wind erosion and vegetation coverage and species richness were influenced by the type of terrain. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between wind erosion and vegetation coverage and species richness in dune slopes and crests. There was, however, no significant correlation between wind erosion and vegetation coverage and species richness in inter-dune sites. Vegetation coverage was the dominant factor influencing wind erosion in both slopes and crests. Species richness may have an impact on wind erosion through vegetation coverage in both slopes and crests. These results suggest that the effect of terrain type should be fully considered during the establishment of vegetation cover in the desert.  相似文献   

18.
干旱、半干旱区沙漠化强烈影响动植物分布及多样性,地表甲虫是荒漠中主要的动物类群,它们对沙漠化引起的植被和土壤环境变化响应十分敏感。鉴于此,以河西走廊中部张掖绿洲外围的天然固沙植被区作为研究区,依据沙漠化发育程度选择流动沙丘(ASD)、丘间低地(IL)、半固定(SFSD)和固定沙丘(FSD)4种生境,调查了地表甲虫群落组成及影响甲虫分布的植被和土壤环境。研究发现,4种生境地表甲虫群落组成明显不同并存在季节变异,5月ASD与IL、SFSD和FSD生境地表甲虫群落的相异性大于8月。5月和8月SFSD生境地表甲虫活动密度均显著高于其他生境,8月FSD生境地表甲虫多样性指数显著高于其他生境。不同大小甲虫对沙漠化的响应模式不同,大中型甲虫对沙漠化的响应较小型甲虫敏感,这在5月表现尤为明显。地表甲虫与环境因子的RDA分析结果表明,12个植被和土壤环境因子解释了49.8%的地表甲虫群落变异,其中植被环境解释了甲虫群落变异的16.3%,土壤环境解释了甲虫群落变异的4.2%,植被和土壤环境相互作用解释了甲虫群落变异的29.3%。pRDA分析结果表明,草本物种丰富度、灌木盖度、土壤有机碳含量和粗砂含量是影响地表甲虫分布的主要环境因子,它们解释了43.7%的地表甲虫群落变异。Pearson相关分析表明,草本物种丰富度与地表甲虫活动密度呈显著正相关,而与地表甲虫均匀度呈显著负相关;灌木盖度与地表甲虫多样性呈显著正相关;地表甲虫物种丰富度与灌木盖度和草本物种丰富度均呈显著正相关。此外,研究还发现戈壁琵甲、克氏扁漠甲、中华砚甲和甘肃齿足象可以用于指示FSD生境,东鳖甲属昆虫可以用于指数SFSD生境,谢氏宽漠王可以用于指示IL及ASD生境。  相似文献   

19.
Aim To examine the influence of environmental variables on species richness patterns of amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds and to assess the general usefulness of regional atlases of fauna. Location Navarra (10,421 km2) is located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, in a territory shared by Mediterranean and Eurosiberian biogeographic regions. Important ecological patterns, climate, topography and land‐cover vary significantly from north to south. Methods Maps of vertebrate distribution and climatological and environmental data bases were used in a geographic information systems framework. Generalized additive models and partial regression analysis were used as statistical tools to differentiate (A) the purely spatial fraction, (B) the spatially structured environmental fraction and (C) the purely environmental fraction. In this way, we can evaluate the explanatory capacity of each variable, avoiding false correlations and assessing true causality. Final models were obtained through a stepwise procedure. Results Energy‐related features of climate, aridity and land‐cover variables show significant correlation with the species richness of reptiles, mammals and birds. Mammals and birds exhibit a spatial pattern correlated with variables such as aridity index and vegetation land‐cover. However, the high values of the spatially structured environmental fraction B and the low values of the purely environmental fraction A suggest that these predictor variables have a limited causal relationship with species richness for these vertebrate groups. An increment in land‐cover diversity is correlated with an increment of specific richness in reptiles, mammals and birds. No variables were found to be statistically correlated with amphibian species richness. Main conclusions Although aridity and land‐cover are the best predictor variables, their causal relationship with species richness must be considered with caution. Historical factors exhibiting a similar spatial pattern may be considered equally important in explaining the patterns of species richness. Also, land‐cover diversity appears as an important factor for maintaining biological diversity. Partial regression analysis has proved a useful technique in dealing with spatial autocorrelation. These results highlight the usefulness of coarsely sampled data and cartography at regional scales to predict and explain species richness patterns for mammals and birds. The accuracy of models appears to be related to the range perception of each group and the scale of the information.  相似文献   

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