生态学的精神价值

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生态网络分析的研究进展

生态网络分析的研究进展韩博平（厦门大学生物系,３６１００５）ＰｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＥｃｏｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ￥ＨａｎＢｏｐｉｎｇ（ＢｉｏｌｏｇｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ,ＸｉａｍｅｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｘｉａｍｅｎ３６１００５）;ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：４１－４５．Ｅｃｏｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｉｓａｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｍｏｄｅｌｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｕｓｅｄｔｏｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｏｆｍａｔｅｒｉａｌａｎｄｅｎｅｒｇｙｉｎｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ。Ｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｅｃｏｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｉｓｔｈｅｔｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｔｏａｎａｌｙｚｅｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｎｄｆｅａｔｕｒｅｏｆｍａｔｅｒｉａｌａｎｄｅｎｅｒｇｙｉｎｅｃｏｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ,ｉｔｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｆｌｏｗｆｅａｔｕｒｅ,ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｎｄｉｃｅｓ,ｓｔｏｃｈａｓｔｉｃｐｒｏ－ｃｅｓｓ,ｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｌｅｖｅｌａｎｄｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ．Ａｒｅｖｉｅｗｉｓｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙｇｉｖｅｎ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｅｃｏｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ     

持续农业与中国的生态农业

持续农业与中国的生态农业李萍萍,章熙谷（南京农业大学农学系,２１００１４）ＳｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄＣｈｉｎａ’ｓＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ￥．ＬｉＰｉｎｇｐｉｎｇ;ＺｈａｎｇＸｉｇｕ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌ－ｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,２１００１４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａＪｏｆＥｃｏｌｅｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：１６－１８．Ｔｈｅｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄ,ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔａｎｄｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｒｅｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄ,ａｎｄｉｔｓｓｉｍｉｌａｒｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｔｏＣｈｉｎａ’ｓｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｒｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄ．Ｉｔ’ｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｔｈａｔＣｈｉｎａ’ｓｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｇｒｉ－ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｓａｃｏｎｃｒｅｔｅｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄａｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ－ｍｅｎｔ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔ     

陆生脊椎动物生态学研究的过去,现在和将来

陆生脊椎动物生态学研究的过去、现在和将来（前苏联科学院动物进化形态学与生态学研究所,莫斯科）Ｐａｓｔ,ＰｒｅｓｅｎｔａｎｄＦｕｔｕｒｅｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎＴｅｒｒｃｓｔｒｉａｌＶｃｔｅｂｒａｔｃｓ￥．（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｎｉｍａｌＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙＭｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,ｔｈｅＦｏｒｍｅｒＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｌｅｎｃｅｓｏｆＳｏｖｉｅｔＵｎｉｏｎ）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（４）：６６－７１。Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｓｔａｇｅｓ,ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｉｔｅｍｓｏｆｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｓｏｖｉｅｔＵ－ｎｉｏｎ．ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｗａｓｒｅｓｔｒｏｄｅｄｂｙｍａｎｙｓｕＵｅｃｔｉｖｅａｎｄｏＵｅｃｔｉｖｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓａｎｄｓｔｉｌｌｌａｇｓｂｅｈｉｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｌｅｖｅｌｉｎｍａｎｙａｓｐｅｃｔｓｓｕｃｈａｓｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｔｈｅｏｒｙ,ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ,ｅｃｏ－     

曲周县饲料资源及其利用率的分析

曲周县饲料资源及其利用率的分析曹志平（北京农业大学生物学院,１０００９４）ＦｏｄｄｅｒＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄＴｈｅｉｒＵｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＥｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙＩｎＱｕｚｈｏｕＣｏｕｎｔｙ￥ＣａｏＺｈｉｐｉｎｓ（ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｔＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００９４）。ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｍａｌＥｃｏｆｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：５７－５８．ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒａｎａｌｙｚｅｓｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｆｏｄｄｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｉｎＱｕｚｈｏｕｃｏｕｎｔｙａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎａｍｏｕｎｔａｎｄｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｂｙｖａｒｉｏｕｓｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｌｉｖｅｓｔｏｃｋｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅ－ｔｗｅｅｎｆｏｄｄｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅａｎｄｌｉｖｅｓｔｏｃｋｓｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｓａｌｓｏｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｆｏｄｄｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅ,ｌｉｖｅｓｔｏｃｋｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ,Ｑｕｚｈｏｕｃｏｕｎｔｙ．１引言我     

农业生态学在我国发展的回顾与展望

农业生态学在我国发展的回顾与展望骆世明（华南农业大学,广州５１０６４２）ＲｅｖｉｅｗａｎｄＰｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｎＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｇｒｏｅｃｏｌｏｇｙＣｈｉｎａ．￥ＬｕｏＳｈｉｍｉｎｇ（ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｇｕａｎｇｚｈｏｕ５１０６４２）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：４－６．Ｉｎｌａｓｔｄｅｃａｄｅ,ｇｒｅａｔｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｍａｄｅｉｎｔｈｅｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｅｃｏｌｏｇｙｉｎＣｈｉ－ｎａ,ｂｕｔｓｏｍｅｏｂｓｔａｃｌｅｓｓｔｉｌｌｅｘｉｓｔｏｎｈｏｗｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄａｇｒｏｅｃｏｌｏｇｙ．Ｉｆｗｅｃａｎｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｔｈｅｓｏｃｉａｌｄｅ－ｍａｎｄｏｆａｇｒｏｅｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｉｔｓｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｓｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄｐａｙａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ,ａｓｓｅｓｓ－ｍｅｎｔ,ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆａｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｍｏｄｅｌｓ,ｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｉ     

Primula munroi的产自东喜马拉雅的一个新亚种——P. munroi ssp. schizocalyx

ＩｎｔｈｅｃｏｕｒｓｅｏｆｒｅｖｉｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｇｅｎｕｓＰｒｉｍｕｌａＬｉｎｎ .(Ｐｒｉｍｕｌａｃｅａｅ)ｉｎｔｈｅＨｉｍａｌａｙａｓｏｆＩｎｄｉａｎｒｅ ｇｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｓｃａｍｅａｃｒｏｓｓａｓｅｔｏｆｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄａｓＰ .ｉｎｖｏｌｕｃｒａｔａＷａｌｌ.ｇａｔｈｅｒｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｐｉｏｎｅｅｒＨｉｍａｌａｙａｎｔｒａｖｅｌｌｅｒｓ,ｍｅｒｅｌｙｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｏｎｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｖｉｔｓｌｉｐｓａｓＰ .ｉｎｖｏｌｕｃｒａｔａＷａｌｌ.ｆｏｒｍａｓｃｈｉｚ…     

鼎湖山土壤的微生物及其对酸度的适应特征

鼎湖山土壤的微生物及其对酸度的适应特征葛荣盛（广东省土壤研究所广州５１０６５０）ＳｏｉｌＭｉｃｒｏｂｃｓａｔＤｉｎｇｈｕｓｈａｎＮａｔｕｒａｌＲｅｓｅｒｖｅａｎｄＴｈｅｉｒＡｄａｐｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏＡｃｉｄｉｔｙ￥．ＧｅＲｏｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ（Ｇｕａｎｇ－ｄｏｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｏｉｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,Ｇｕａｎｇｚｈｏｕ５１０６５０）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（３）：１１－１８．ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｓｔｈｅｍｉｃｒｏｆｌｏｒａｅｉｎｓｏｉｌｓｕｎｄｅｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｏｒｅｓｔｔｙｐｅｓａｔＤｉｎｇｈｕｓａｎｎａｔｕｒａｌｒｅｓｅｒｖｅａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒａｄａｐｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏａｃｉｄｉｔｙ：１．Ｕｎｄｅｒｍｉｘｅｄｆｏｒｅｓｔ,ａｍｍｏｎｉｆｙｉｎｇＢａｃｔｅｒｉａ,ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ－ｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｎｇｂａｃｔｅｒｉａａｎｄＯｌｉｇｏｎｉｔｒｏｐｈｉｌｅｓａｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔ;ｕｎｄｅｒｂｒｏａｄｌｅａｖｅｄｆｏｒｅｓｔ,ｃｅＩｌｕｌｏｓｅ－ｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｎｇｆｕｎｇｉａｒｅｍｏｒｅ;ａｎｄｌｉｔｔｌｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｃａｎｂ     

浸润垄作稻田土壤生态系统的研究

浸润垄作稻田土壤生态系统的研究魏朝富,高明,车福才,邓春（西南农业大学土化系重庆６３０７１６）ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＩｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｅｄ－ＲｉｄｇｅｄＰａｄｄｙＳｏｉｌＥｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ￥．ＷｅｉＣｈａｏｆｕ;ＧａｏＭｉｎｇ,ＣｈｅＦｕｃｈａｉ;ＤｅｎｇＣｈｕｎ（ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｌｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（３）：２６－３０;Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｄｅａｌｓｗｉｃｈａｎｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｅｄ－ｒｉｄｇｅｄｐａｄｄｙｓｏｉｌｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄｂｙｒｉｄｇｉｎｇａｎｄｃｏｎ－ｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｆｕｒｒｏｗｉｎｆｉＩｔｒａｔｉＯｎｉｒｒｉｇａｔｉｏｎ,ＣｏｍｐａｒｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｌｅｖｅｌｉｎｆｉＩｔｒａｔｅｄｐａｄｄｙｓｏｉｌｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ｔｈｉｓｅｃｏｓｙｓ－ｔｅｍｈａｓｃｏｅｘｉｓｔｅｄｇａｓ－ｌｉｑｕｉｄ,ｇａｓ－ｓｏｌｉｄａｎｄｌｉｑｕｉｄ－ｓｏｌｉｄｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅｓ,ｅｎｌａｒｇｅｓｓｏｉｌｓｕｒｆａｃｅｂｙ３８％ａｎｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓｃｕＩｔｉｖａｔｅｄｌａｙｅｒｂｙ５－１０ｃｍ．     

空气污染对植物病虫害的影响

空气污染对植物病虫害的影响吴亚,金翠霞（江苏省农科院植物保护研究所,南京２１００１４）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｂｅｒｉｃＰｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｎＰｌａｎｔＤｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｎｄＰｅｓｔｓ￥ＷｕＹａ;ＪｉｎＣｕｉｘｉａ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｒｏ－ｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ,ＪｉａｎｇｓｕＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ２１００１４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：４９－５３．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｓｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｍａｉｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓＯ＿３,ＳＯ＿２,ｆｌｕｏｒｉｄｅｓ,ａｃｉｄｒａｉｎｅｔｃ．ｏｎｐｌａｎｔｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓ;ｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅｏｃｃｕｒａｎｃｅａｎｄｉｎｆｅｓｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｈｙｔｏｐｈａｇｕｓｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｓｏｆｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＣＯ＿２ｏｎｔｈｅｏｕｔｂｒｅａｋｏｆｐｅｓｔｓ。Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉ     

Age-dependent tree-ring growth responses to climate in Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.)

Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii kom.) is one of the dominant tree species on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and has been used in dendroclimatological studies. Here we designed a test to examine whether or not the climate–growth responses in tree rings of Qilian Juniper vary with the change in tree's age. A total number of 135 increment cores were sampled from Qilian Juniper trees at five sites, in which 112 cores were selected and grouped into five 100-year age classes for analysis of age-dependent climate–growth relationships. Chronology statistics, response functions and ANOVA F-test were used to test the consistency of five age-class mean chronologies (AGCs). The results showed that mean sensitivity (MS) and standard deviation (SD) did not change significantly with age. Response function analysis indicated that (a) climate accounts for a high amount of variance in tree-ring widths; (b) tree-ring growth has significant positive correlation with mean monthly air temperature of previous October and November, and with total monthly precipitation of current January and June, while has significant negative correlation with mean monthly air temperature of current May; and (c) AGC-2, AGC-3 and AGC-4 have stronger response to climate change than AGC-1 and AGC-5. The ANOVA F-test showed that generally there are significant differences between the first age class and other four age classes, but among the four classes in which trees are older than 200 years, the differences are usually insignificant. Overall the long-lived Qilian Juniper is still an ideal tree species for dendroclimatic reconstruction.     

内蒙古草原沙地白扦年轮生长指数的变异

The variation in ring growth indices of Picea meyeri was assessed by dendrochronological techniques including response functions, correlation functions and single-year analysis on sandy dunes in the Xilin River basin steppe. The results show that growth of Picea meyeri was sensitive to climate change. Furthermore, it was determined that mean monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation from September of the current year to August of the preceding year can account for about 70% of the variance in the tree-ring width. The rainfalls in February and May of the current year together with that of the previous September were significantly correlated with the current year’s growth pattern. Additionally ,radial growth was negatively correlated with mean monthly temperature in current May. In this region the sandy substrate is characterized by high water infiltration and low soil moisture evaporation rates. As a result, relatively high precipitation from prior August to prior October can be reserved in the sandy soil and the Picea meyeri trees show strong adaptation to the sandy substrate in these se- mi-arid grasslands. Therefore, the establishment of Picea meyeri forest plantations in the sandy belt along the middle reaches of Xilin River are deemed feasible.     

内蒙古草原沙地白扦年轮生长指数的变异内蒙古草原沙地白扦年轮生长指数的变异

运用响应函数、相关函数、单年分析等树木年轮气候学的方法 ,研究了锡林河流域草原沙地上白扦年轮生长指数的变异。结果表明 :白扦的生长对环境的变化相当敏感 ,当年 9月至上年 8月的月平均温度和月降雨量解释年轮宽度方差量的约 70 % ;白扦当年的生长量与上年 9月、当年 2月、5月的降雨量之间具明显的正相关性 ,而与当年 5月的大气温度具显著负相关关系。由于沙地具有渗透性较强和防止土壤深层水分蒸发的特点 ,特别是上年 8～10月的降雨可部分保存于沙地内 ,便于植物下年利用。由此认为 ,在沿锡林河流域中部的沙带上 ,建立以现有白扦为分布中心的人工白扦林将是完全可行的     

Effects of climate on vertical resin duct density and radial growth of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]

 Vertical resin duct density in spruce tree-rings was used as a dendroclimatological variable and compared with radial growth. Resin duct density data were statistically stable and distributed with higher mean sensitivity and standard deviation but lower signal-to-noise rate than the corresponding growth rate. Radial growth and resin duct density relationships with climate were investigated using correlation and response function analysis. It was found that resin duct density has a significant positive response to above-normal temperature especially from June to August and a less significant negative response for above-normal precipitation from May – July during the current growing season. Ring width showed a significant negative response to above-normal precipitation from June to August but no response with temperature. Ring width and resin duct density were not related to each other. Sufficient data indicate that vertical resin duct density is a useful variable for dendroclimatology. Received: 14 March 1996 / Accepted: 24 June 1996     

长白山北坡落叶松年轮年表及其与气候变化的关系

运用相关函数及单年分析等树木年轮气候学方法,研究了长白山北坡落叶松径向生长与气候变化的关系.结果表明,落叶松的生长对环境变化相当敏感,温度是影响其生长的主要因子.但不同海拔的落叶松对温度的响应明显不同.高海拔分布的落叶松只与当年6月的温度指标显著相关,而低海拔的落叶松与环境的关系相对复杂,除当年的4、5月外,上一年的6、9月温度以及上年9月的湿润指数都显著影响其生长.这说明不同环境梯度上的同一树种对气候变化的响应不尽相同.     

长白山北坡落叶松年轮年表及其与气候变化的关系

运用相关函数及单年分析等树木年轮气候学方法,研究了长白山北坡落叶松径向生长与气候变化的关系.结果表明,落叶松的生长对环境变化相当敏感,温度是影响其生长的主要因子.但不同海拔的落叶松对温度的响应明显不同.高海拔分布的落叶松只与当年6月的温度指标显著相关,而低海拔的落叶松与环境的关系相对复杂,除当年的4、5月外,上一年的6、9月温度以及上年9月的湿润指数都显著影响其生长.这说明不同环境梯度上的同一树种对气候变化的响应不尽相同.     

云南高原湖泊水葱克隆生长与有性繁殖特征及影响因子

为掌握挺水植物克隆生长与有性繁殖参数的空间分布格局特征及环境因子对植物繁殖的影响路径,该文利用云南高原的立体地形,通过空间替代时间的方法,探讨6个湖泊共有挺水植物水葱(Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)的克隆生长、有性繁殖的地理差异和变化规律以及对环境变化的响应。结果表明:(1)密度、株高、基径等克隆生长参数,以及结实率、穗生物量及其投资比、种子产量、活性种子数等繁殖参数在不同地理空间上存在显著差异(P<0.05),而地上生物量无显著差异。(2)密度、株高、结实率、穗生物量及其投资比等参数具有显著的经纬度、海拔地带性分布特征,其中密度随纬度和海拔的增加而增加、随经度的增加而减小,而株高、结实率、穗生物量及其投资比随纬度和海拔的增加而减小、随经度的增加逐渐增大。(3)暖月和冷月均温,土壤全氮、全磷是影响水葱克隆生长(密度、株高)的关键因子,其中暖月均温影响最大,年均降水、土壤有机碳是影响水葱有性繁殖的关键因子,其中年均降水影响最大。综上认为,气候因子(暖月均温、冷月均温和年均降水)是影响云南高原湖泊湖滨带植物水葱生长和繁殖的主要因子。     

莽山不同海拔华南五针松径向生长对气候因子的响应

为了解全球升温背景下我国亚热带地区树木生长对气候变化的响应,基于树木年轮学方法,在湖南莽山建立不同海拔（1 400、1 200、1 000 m）华南五针松（Pinus kwangtungensis）标准年表,利用响应分析和单年分析研究其径向生长与气候因子的相关关系。结果表明,海拔1 400 m处华南五针松的径向生长与当年6月均温和最高温显著负相关,与当年4月的降水量呈显著正相关关系;海拔1 200 m处的径向生长与当年3月均温及上年和当年10月均温、最低温显著正相关,与当年7月的最低温显著负相关,与上年11月降水量呈显著正相关关系;海拔1 000 m处的径向生长与当年6月均温、最高温和当年1月的平均温、最低温以及上年10月的最低温显著负相关,与当年3月、上年10月和当年10月的降水呈显著正相关关系。温度和降水共同影响着该地区华南五针松的径向生长,生长季初期的温度和降水以及夏季温度是影响其生长的关键气候因子。     

Gender-specific characteristics of tree-ring growth and differential responses to climate change in the dioecious tree Populus cathayana in Xiaowutai Mountains,China

近年来逆境导致植物雌雄幼苗的生长出现差异被许多控制实验所证实, 而有关气候变化对雌雄异株植物成树生长的潜在影响尚未引起人们广泛的关注。为进一步揭示气候变化对雌雄植株树木径向和密度生长的不同影响, 该文通过树轮生态学的研究方法, 选择小五台山天然青杨(Populus cathayana)种群为研究对象, 对青杨雌雄植株近30年(1982-2011)的树轮生长特性及其与气候的相关性进行了分析。结果显示: 1)在近30年当地气温不断升高的气候条件下, 雌株的年轮最大密度和晚材平均密度均高于雄株(p < 0.05), 但雌雄植株的径向生长无显著差异; 2)雌雄植株年轮最大密度和宽度差值年表的变化趋势具有一致性, 但在年轮最大密度差值年表的变化上雄株波动幅度大于雌株; 3)青杨雌雄植株年轮密度差值年表对温度响应的月份明显不同。雌株年轮最大密度与当年8月的月平均最高气温显著正相关, 而雄株年轮最大密度与当年1月和4月的气温负相关; 4)生长季前的气候变化对青杨雌雄植株的径向生长均有明显的限制作用。此外, 当年6月的高温对于早材生长的限制作用特别明显。上述结果表明, 雌雄异株植物在树木年轮生长方面对全球气候变暖可能具有不同的响应机制, 雌株比雄株更侧重于密度生长。     

Tree ring anatomy indices of Pinus tabuliformis revealed the shifted dominant climate factor influencing potential hydraulic function in western Qinling Mountains

Trees can adjust xylem anatomical structure related with potential hydraulic functions to cope with climate variability. We therefore need a better understanding of how climate variability constrains wood anatomy and tree radial growth. Pinus tabuliformis dominates natural forests and plantations over the western Qinling Mountains, which is one of the ecologically vulnerable areas in China. Here, we investigated the response of P. tabuliformis tree-ring anatomical structure to climate variability by applying wood anatomy analysis, and evaluated the influences of anatomical traits on potential hydraulic functions and the climate significance of intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs). We found that with the increasing temperature from spring to summer, the negative effect of temperature on the formation and enlargement of earlywood and transition-wood tracheids was gradually enhanced. However, spring precipitation not only had a direct and positive influence on the formation of earlywood, but also had a delaying impact on the transition-wood cell enlargement. Besides, the smaller earlywood tracheid size of P. tabuliformis could be a substantially characteristic reflecting spring drought. The contribution of lumen diameter on conduit wall reinforcement was dominated in earlywood, while the contribution of cell wall thickness was greater than that of lumen diameter in latewood. The different contributions of anatomical traits on conduit wall reinforcement would further affect the response of potential hydraulic function to climate. IADFs of P. tabuliformis could be a potential indicator to reflect the abnormal summer precipitation events in the western Qinling Mountains. IADFs with strong and weak intensity indicated years with high and low rates of change in mid-summer precipitation, respectively. Future warmer and drier climate in the western Qinling Mountains will likely result in the production of smaller tracheids to ensure hydraulic safety, which means the stronger drought resistant of P. tabuliformis in the future. In this study, we linked the xylem anatomy and potential hydraulics functions with intra-seasonal climate variability in the context of climate warming and drying, and proposed some xylem anatomical indices reflecting potential drought events.