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1.
地外空间的亚磁场环境是影响宇航员健康的一种潜在风险因素.动物和人体实验表明,亚磁场显著影响个体行为和神经系统功能.但是,目前尚缺乏亚磁场对动物行为和生理等多方面影响的系统检测数据.本文构建了一个适用于动物饲养的亚磁场环境(500 n T),并系统检测了30天亚磁场处理对成年雄鼠(C57BL/6,4~6周龄,(20±2)g)的昼夜周期、痛觉、情绪及激素水平的影响.实验结果表明,对比地磁场中饲喂对照组,亚磁场中小鼠的昼夜饮水节律改变、热敏痛觉耐受能力和整体活动水平降低,但是没有发生焦虑或抑郁情绪.亚磁场处理后,小鼠血清去甲肾上腺素水平显著下降.这些结果说明一个月连续亚磁场处理扰乱动物的昼夜活动节律和内分泌,随后可能导致其感知觉能力的变化和运动机能的下降.  相似文献   

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目的:研究亚磁场对成年小鼠血液系统的影响。方法:将成年雄性C57BL/6小鼠(4-6周,20±2g,n20,每笼4只)随机分组,分别饲养在模拟亚磁场环境(500nT)和对照地磁场环境(~50μT)。每周定时监测动物体重变化和饮食消耗两次。一个月后,采集亚磁处理小鼠和地磁对照小鼠全血和血清样品,分别进行血常规监测和血清微量元素分析。同时检测血清中过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量,以及超氧化物歧酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力。结果:亚磁场处理过程中,动物体重和饮食消耗与地磁对照没有显著差异,但是体重增量在2周后(14天-24天)比对照组有显著降低(P0.05)。一个月亚磁场处理后,红细胞,血小板和总白细胞处于正常水平,没有发生显著变化,但是中性粒细胞水平显著上升(P0.05)。血清中微量元素水平和氧化应激指标没有显著变化。结论:成年小鼠在亚磁场中经历了一定程度的适应反应。经过一个月连续亚磁场处理,血液系统能够维持健康水平,但是嗜中性粒细胞对亚磁场存在明显响应。  相似文献   

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本研究主要是探讨连续亚磁场环境暴露对C57BL/6雄性小鼠(Mus musculus domesticus)神经递质、激素含量和血常规参数的影响。实验组为亚磁场暴露组(1.1 ± 0.5)μT,对照组为地磁场组(53.3 ± 0.2)μT。实验对象分别为3周龄幼年小鼠和8周龄成年小鼠。幼年小鼠随机分为实验组与对照组,每组42 只;成年小鼠也随机分为实验组与对照组,每组36只。幼年小鼠在两种磁场环境中的暴露时间为1 ~ 5周,成年小鼠的暴露时间为1、3、6、9、12周。采用液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS)检测小鼠脑组织及血清中的神经递质含量,包括5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA);用 ELISA 方法检测小鼠血清中的激素含量,包括甲状腺素(T4)、生长激素(GH)、去甲肾上腺素(NA);血常规在北京大学医学部检测。采用独立样本 t 检验对实验组与对照组的检测结果进行差异分析。与地磁场组相比,亚磁场组幼年小鼠脑组织多巴胺(DA)含量在第5周有显著降低(P < 0.05),血清中的甲状腺素(T4)含量在第 2和5 周有显著降低(P < 0.05),去甲肾上腺素(NA)含量在第4周出现显著性降低(P < 0.01);与地磁场组相比,成年小鼠脑组织5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)含量在处理1周时均出现显著性降低(P < 0.05),血清中5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量在第3周也出现显著性降低(P < 0.01),甲状腺素(T4)含量在第 3、6、12 周出现显著性降低(P < 0.05)。血常规结果显示,成年和幼年小鼠的白细胞(WBC)在暴露早期第1周和第2周分别出现显著性增多(P < 0.01),其他参数基本无变化。本研究发现,两个年龄段的小鼠对亚磁场响应的指标不完全一致,仅甲状腺素(T4)在两个年龄段小鼠的体内都出现显著性降低。通过本研究说明,甲状腺素(T4)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)、多巴胺(DA)和白细胞(WBC)可能是不同年龄段小鼠对亚磁场环境暴露较为敏感的生理指标,可在今后的亚磁场生物效应研究中重点关注。  相似文献   

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研究表明, 哺乳动物脑中去甲肾上腺素(Norepinephrine, NE) 作为一种植物性神经信息传递的经典递质, 表现为水平波动的昼夜节律行为(李思嘉. 1982. 生理科学进展13 (2) : 189) , 该变化可能与机体生理机能改变相关。在低氧应激下, 脑内N E 的更新率升高, 可对脑中各脑区功能起到协调作用。根田鼠是青藏高原金露梅灌丛的优势小哺乳动物, 本文研究在自然光照下, 根田鼠大脑内去甲肾上腺素(NE) 水平的昼夜节律, 以及在模拟低氧5 000 m 和7 000 m 高度条件下的含量变化情况。  相似文献   

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小鼠血液和脑组织中胆碱酯酶的昼夜节律童建(苏州医学院预防医学系苏州215007)研究生理功能的节律现象及其发生机理的科学称之为时间生理学。通过多年来的工作,在生命活动的各个层次上都发现了周期各异的生理节律,其中研究最多的是昼夜节律。对于昼夜节律的测定...  相似文献   

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亚磁场及其生物响应机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
根据亚磁生物学的研究历史和空间亚磁环境的实际情况,本文定义磁感应强度总量在“0<|B|≤5 μT”区间内的静态弱磁场为亚磁场.亚磁场能对生命活动的多个方面,特别是中枢神经系统产生负面影响.随着月球与火星航天计划的开展,航天员将长期暴露于亚磁空间中.这可能对宇航员的身心健康带来潜在的危害.亚磁场生物学效应及其机制的研究,将为相关载人航天的空间防护提供理论基础,已成为空间生物科学以及航天医学等相关领域的新热点.  相似文献   

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亚磁场是深空载人航天任务中的一个关键风险因素。研究表明,亚磁场影响动物多种运动相关行为,但长期亚磁场处理对成年个体运动能力的影响还需要进一步的研究,以评估深空飞行任务中亚磁场的潜在风险。本研究利用三轴亥姆霍兹线圈系统模拟的亚磁环境,长期(一个月)曝露处理成年雄性C57BL/6小鼠,并从行为,组织,细胞,分子水平研究其对小鼠运动能力的影响。相比于地磁组对照,亚磁组小鼠的耐力显著下降。并且,其骨骼肌中柠檬酸水平和肌膜下线粒体数量的下降,以及骨骼肌线粒体形态的变化,表明亚磁场诱导了肌肉线粒体功能抑制,并可能导致其与耐力密切相关的能量代谢的下降。我们的研究结果为线粒体直接响应亚磁场提供了体内证据,并且提示线粒体相关指标可能用于亚磁场效应的风险评估和干预药物的开发。  相似文献   

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于杂种白兔的孤束核联合亚核(CNTS)内微量注射去甲肾上腺素(NE),引起血压降低和心率减慢,将小剂量阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮注入CNTS,本身不影响血压与心率,但减弱NE在CNTS中的降压降率幅度。于CNTS内微量注射盐酸吗啡,降低血压和心率;小剂量NE注入CNTS, 本身对血压和心率无明显影响,但可显著增强盐酸吗啡在CNTS中的心血管作用。结果表明,去甲肾上腺素在CNTS中的心血管效应至少部分由降压性阿片系统介导。  相似文献   

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磁场对防风体细胞胚发生发育和亚显微结构的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,关于防风的离体培养国内学者相继进行了研究,余绍华等(1985)用幼叶诱导愈伤组织分化出根芽;慈忠玲和陈惠民(1995,1996)通过悬浮培养诱导体细胞胚发生及再生植株,对单细胞至球形胚形成的各阶段作了显微及超微结构观察,并对其培养过程中的染色体变异进行了分析;盛世红和陈惠民(1990)用原生质体培养获得了再生植株。但目前还未见磁场对防风胚状体发生和发育影响方面的报告。关于生物磁学在植物组织培养中的应用,赵成章(1980)研究了磁场对水稻花粉愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响;王曼丝和李鸣镝(199…  相似文献   

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Four separate experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field (MF) exposure (60 Hz, 1 mT rms) on urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) levels in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the first experiment, immature male rats maintained under a regular 12 h daily photoperiod (white fluorescent light) were exposed to a 20 h daily MF exposure for 6 weeks. The second experiment was similar to the first, except that the MF exposure was limited to 10 days. In the third experiment, adult male rats acclimated to a combination of continuous dim red light and regular 12 h daily photoperiod (white fluorescent) were subjected to a single 1 h exposure to intermittent MF (1 min on and 1 min off cycles), 2 h before fluorescent lights went off. The fourth experiment was similar to the third, except that the animals received 2 consecutive days of 20 h daily exposure to intermittent MF, beginning 1 h before the fluorescent lights went off each day. In all four experiments, the circadian profile of urinary aMT6s was examined before, during, and after the MF exposure. No significant effect of 1 mT MF on indoleamine metabolism was observed in any of the above experiments. However, in one of the experiments (no. 4), both the control and the MF groups showed a lower aMT6s level during the exposure days, when compared with that of pre- and post-exposure days, suggesting that the existence of possible effects with lower field strengths at the range of stray field cannot be ruled out. Bioelectromagnetics 19:172–180, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

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生理和行为的昼夜节律性调控对健康生活是必需的。越来越多的流行病学和遗传学证据显示昼夜节律的破坏与代谢紊乱性疾病相关联。在分子水平上,昼夜节律受到时钟蛋白组成的转录一翻译负反馈环的调控。时钟蛋白通过以下两种途径调节代谢:首先,时钟蛋白作为转录因子直接调节一些代谢关键步骤的限速酶和代谢相关核受体的表达,其次作为代谢相关核受体的辅调节因子来激活或抑制其转录活性。虽然时钟蛋白对代谢途径的调节导致代谢物水平呈昼夜节律振荡,但是产生的代谢物反过来又可以影响昼夜节律钟基因的表达,进而影响昼夜节律钟。深入研究昼夜节律钟与代谢的交互调节可能为治疗某些代谢紊乱性疾病提供新的治疗方案。  相似文献   

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Ji GC  Ma F  Zhang YQ  Wu GC 《生理学报》2002,54(4):325-328
实验在SD大鼠上应用脑室微量注射和辐射热测痛的方法,研究了脑内微量注射白介素-1β对大鼠痛阈的影响。实验大鼠分为给药组和对照组,在给药组大鼠脑室注射不同剂量的白介素-1β(5、50和500pg/kg),对照组大鼠脑室注射配药液。白介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra,50ng/kg)在脑室注射白介素-1β前20min给予。实验以大鼠对光热刺激引起的缩爪反射潜伏期为痛阈指标。结果表明,脑室注射白介素-1β可显著缩短大鼠对光热刺激的缩爪反射潜伏期,并具有剂量依赖性关系。脑室给予500pg/kg的白介素-1β 20min后,大鼠对光热刺激的缩爪反射潜伏期显著缩短,40min时达峰值,然后逐渐恢复。该作用可被白介素-1β受体拮抗剂阻断。结果提示脑中白介素-1β可通过作用于白介素-1受体引起热痛敏作用。  相似文献   

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Sleep-wake cycle is the predominant example of circadian rhythms. Melatonin is commonly used to treat insomnia and in additional neurodevelopmental disorders in which sleep disturbance is frequent. In mammals, melatonin receptors are present in the membrane and cell nucleus of many tissues and systems where it exhibits various actions, including the regulation of circadian rhythms. The rhythmic pattern of melatonin secretion is imperative since it endows with vital information to the organism concerning time, which permits for alterations of a number of physiological functions consistent with daily and seasonal variations. Melatonin as well has sleep promoting effects demonstrated in changes in brain activation patterns and tiredness generation. The SCN’s (suprachiasmatic nuclei) function and melatonin production capability turns down with age consequently depriving the brain from an important time cue and sleep regulator.  相似文献   

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Abstract

The circadian rhythms of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were documented in 30 patients for a 24‐hour period before and during the 24 hours that included unilateral surgery for senile cataract or retinal detachment. The patients were premedicated with diazepam. Anaesthesia was induced at a fixed time (09.00) in all patients with thiopentone, and muscle relaxation was with pancuronium. Maintenance was with enflurane in 15 patients and with fentanyl and droperidol in the rest. Though the intraoperative changes in haemodynamic parameters were dissimilar with the two types of maintenance agents, but both types had a similar effect on the circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate. Whereas preoperatively the BP and HR circadian rhythms were nearly in phase, with their peaks in the late morning to early afternoon, the postoperative rhythms underwent a dissociation to a phase shift in the BP 24‐h pattern. The phase effect may be hypothetically attributed to direct pharmacological actions or to masking effects.  相似文献   

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The effects of temperature on adult lifespan, reproduction, and oviposition behaviour of Grapholita lobarzewskii Nowicki (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were studied under controlled and semi‐field conditions to improve the basis for phenological forecasting. The average female lifespan ranged from 18.9 days at 25.1 °C to 65.3 days at 11.0 °C. For adult female ageing, a lower thermal threshold (THR) of 8.6 °C and a thermal constant (K) of 298 degree days (dd) were established. At constant temperatures, fecundity ranged from 0.3 eggs per female at 11.0 °C to 107 eggs per female at 21.2 °C. The highest fecundity of 127 eggs per female was observed at fluctuating temperatures. Oviposition lasted on average 350 dd, but 50% of the eggs were laid within the first 100 dd after adult emergence. Grapholita lobarzewskii had a distinct circadian rhythm for oviposition. Females began to lay eggs at ca. 16:00 hours and ceased at 24:00 hours with the peak occurring generally at 19:00 hours. Females reacted very sensitively to sudden temperature changes. A temperature drop of 3.1 °C could cause a 1‐day interruption of oviposition.  相似文献   

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