亚磁场引起小鼠昼夜节律改变和热痛觉敏感增加（英文）

地外空间的亚磁场环境是影响宇航员健康的一种潜在风险因素.动物和人体实验表明,亚磁场显著影响个体行为和神经系统功能.但是,目前尚缺乏亚磁场对动物行为和生理等多方面影响的系统检测数据.本文构建了一个适用于动物饲养的亚磁场环境(500 n T),并系统检测了30天亚磁场处理对成年雄鼠(C57BL/6,4~6周龄,(20±2)g)的昼夜周期、痛觉、情绪及激素水平的影响.实验结果表明,对比地磁场中饲喂对照组,亚磁场中小鼠的昼夜饮水节律改变、热敏痛觉耐受能力和整体活动水平降低,但是没有发生焦虑或抑郁情绪.亚磁场处理后,小鼠血清去甲肾上腺素水平显著下降.这些结果说明一个月连续亚磁场处理扰乱动物的昼夜活动节律和内分泌,随后可能导致其感知觉能力的变化和运动机能的下降.     

长期亚磁场处理降低成年雄性小鼠肌肉组织的线粒体功能和运动能力*

亚磁场是深空载人航天任务中的一个关键风险因素。研究表明,亚磁场影响动物多种运动相关行为,但长期亚磁场处理对成年个体运动能力的影响还需要进一步的研究,以评估深空飞行任务中亚磁场的潜在风险。本研究利用三轴亥姆霍兹线圈系统模拟的亚磁环境,长期（一个月）曝露处理成年雄性C57BL/6小鼠,并从行为,组织,细胞,分子水平研究其对小鼠运动能力的影响。相比于地磁组对照,亚磁组小鼠的耐力显著下降。并且,其骨骼肌中柠檬酸水平和肌膜下线粒体数量的下降,以及骨骼肌线粒体形态的变化,表明亚磁场诱导了肌肉线粒体功能抑制,并可能导致其与耐力密切相关的能量代谢的下降。我们的研究结果为线粒体直接响应亚磁场提供了体内证据,并且提示线粒体相关指标可能用于亚磁场效应的风险评估和干预药物的开发。     

成年小鼠血液系统对亚磁场的响应

目的:研究亚磁场对成年小鼠血液系统的影响。方法:将成年雄性C57BL/6小鼠(4-6周,20±2g,n20,每笼4只)随机分组,分别饲养在模拟亚磁场环境(500nT)和对照地磁场环境(~50μT)。每周定时监测动物体重变化和饮食消耗两次。一个月后,采集亚磁处理小鼠和地磁对照小鼠全血和血清样品,分别进行血常规监测和血清微量元素分析。同时检测血清中过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量,以及超氧化物歧酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力。结果:亚磁场处理过程中,动物体重和饮食消耗与地磁对照没有显著差异,但是体重增量在2周后(14天-24天)比对照组有显著降低(P0.05)。一个月亚磁场处理后,红细胞,血小板和总白细胞处于正常水平,没有发生显著变化,但是中性粒细胞水平显著上升(P0.05)。血清中微量元素水平和氧化应激指标没有显著变化。结论:成年小鼠在亚磁场中经历了一定程度的适应反应。经过一个月连续亚磁场处理,血液系统能够维持健康水平,但是嗜中性粒细胞对亚磁场存在明显响应。     

长期亚磁场处理降低成年雄性小鼠肌肉组织的线粒体功能和运动能力（英文）

亚磁场是深空载人航天任务中的一个关键风险因素.研究表明,亚磁场影响动物多种运动相关行为,但长期亚磁场处理对成年个体运动能力的影响还需要进一步的研究,以评估深空飞行任务中亚磁场的潜在风险.本研究利用三轴亥姆霍兹线圈系统模拟的亚磁环境,长期(一个月)曝露处理成年雄性C57BL/6小鼠,并从行为、组织、细胞、分子水平研究其对小鼠运动能力的影响.相比于地磁组对照,亚磁组小鼠的耐力显著下降.并且,其骨骼肌中柠檬酸水平和肌膜下线粒体数量的下降,以及骨骼肌线粒体形态的变化,表明亚磁场诱导了肌肉线粒体功能抑制,并可能导致其与耐力密切相关的能量代谢的下降.我们的研究结果为线粒体直接响应亚磁场提供了体内证据,并且提示线粒体相关指标可能用于亚磁场效应的风险评估和干预药物的开发.     

磁场对小鼠两种迷宫学习记忆的影响

据发现,磁场对生物体有一定作用,但是磁场对于人类或实验动物的学习记忆是否有影响,目前的报道结果很不一致。本实验采用实验小白鼠,给予不同强度（65高斯／50Hz,35高斯/25Hz）的低频磁场照射（每天1小时,持续25天）。磁场照射后,采用旷场行为测试、Y-迷宫和Morris水迷宫,检测小鼠的活动性、空间辨别、空间学习记忆和非空间学习记忆能力。结果表明：65高斯／50Hz磁场显著增高小鼠的活动性,并损伤小鼠Y-迷宫的空间辨别能力,但对Morris水迷宫的空间、非空间学习记忆无明显影响。35高斯／25Hz磁场处理动物行为在三个指标上均接近对照组。提示：长期的磁场照射可能会给动物,甚至人类造成一些影响。     

分析小鼠昼夜节律变化的行为学方法

昼夜节律是指生命活动以24小时为周期的内在性节律.为了适应昼夜环境周期性的变化,地球上几乎所有生物体,包括藻类、细菌、植物、动物等,都演化出一个特殊的系统——生物钟,用以指挥不同组织与器官来适应环境的昼夜交替,维持机体的生理稳态和行为与环境昼夜变化同步.生物钟是指由内源性分子时钟控制的日周生理振荡过程,人类生命活动的各...     

昆虫生物钟分子调控研究进展

昆虫生物钟节律的研究是人类了解生物节律的重要途径。昆虫在生理和行为上具有广泛的节律活动,如运动、睡眠、学习记忆、交配、嗅觉等节律活动,其中昼夜活动行为节律的研究广泛而深入。昆虫乃至高等动物普遍具有保守的昼夜节律系统,昼夜生物钟节律主要包括输入系统:用于接受外界光和温度等环境信号并传入核心振荡器,使得生物时钟与环境同步;核心时钟系统:自我维持的昼夜振荡器;输出系统:将生物钟产生的信号传递出去而控制生物行为和生理的节律变化。早期分子和遗传学研究主要关注昼夜节律振荡器的分子机制及神经生物学,阐明了昼夜生物钟节律的主要分子机制及相关神经网络。最近更多的研究关注生物钟信号是如何输入和输出。本文以果蝇运动节律的相关研究为主要内容,围绕生物钟输入系统、振荡器、输出系统这3个组成部分对昆虫生物钟研究进展进行总结。     

钟基因clock功能的研究进展

近日节律(circadian rhythm)是指周期约为24小时的生物节律。作为一种内源性的生物计时系统,它调节动物的行为、生理和代谢等多个过程,从而使其适应昼夜环境变化。哺乳动物近日节律受包括CLOCK在内的多个分子组成的反馈环路调控,自身维持节律性震荡并受外界环境光和非光授时信号导引,最终输出信号调节生物学过程。本文简要综述了小鼠核心钟基因clock功能的研究进展。     

环境光对哺乳动物昼夜节律和大脑功能的影响

昼夜循环对人类和其他动物的生理和行为有着巨大的影响。光照条件能影响动物的视觉成像,并通过向大脑中的生物钟中心发送信号来调整生理和行为的节律。环境光向生物钟传递信号的系统包含了一个复杂的神经递质复合体-受体-第二信使系统。在夜间曝光能迅速启动下丘脑视交叉上核中大量相关的早期基因。此外,许多白天活动的物种,通常都是在光照条件下获得认知。本文综述了环境光对哺乳动物睡眠、生物节律、大脑认知能力和基因表达等生理和行为方面的影响。     

无线神经遥测技术在阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠恐惧学习记忆活动中的应用——海马Theta节律观察

APP/PS1/tau三转基因(3xTg)小鼠是国际公认的阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)动物模型,其6月龄时即可表现出与海马相关的认知活动障碍及电生理指标异常,但同步记录AD小鼠行为学和脑电活动的研究仍鲜有报道。近年来,无线遥测技术的发展为同步记录小动物行为和脑电活动创造了条件。本研究利用无线神经遥测技术,结合行为学检测手段,同步记录了3xTg AD小鼠在恐惧记忆活动过程中的行为学表现和海马Theta节律变化,以期揭示AD时认知功能障碍与Theta节律的关系。结果显示:(1)恐惧学习训练阶段,3xTg小鼠与野生型(wild type, WT)小鼠相比,行为学和脑电活动均无明显差异;(2)记忆检测阶段,3xTg小鼠因条件刺激(conditioning stimulus, CS)引起的僵直比率显著低于WT小鼠;(3)条件刺激前(Pre-CS)与CS期间3xTg小鼠海马Theta节律的峰值功率均明显低于WT小鼠;(4) CS可有效提高WT小鼠海马CA1区Theta节律的峰值频率,而这一刺激对3xTg小鼠无效。以上结果表明,3xTg小鼠在认知行为障碍即恐惧学习记忆能力下降的同时,伴有海马CA1区Theta节律的发放频率与发放功率降低。据此推测,Theta节律活动的衰减与3xTg小鼠恐惧记忆行为障碍有关,增强海马Theta节律可能有助于认知行为的改善。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.