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1.
全面了解中国乌骨鸡的遗传背景有利于保护和开发利用其种质资源。本研究测定了中国12个乌骨鸡品种线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI)基因, 比较分析其遗传多样性和群体遗传结构。255份乌骨鸡样品共检测到22个变异位点, 占分析位点的3.17%; 核苷酸多样性为0.00142-0.00339, 单倍型多样性为0.380-0.757, 其中略阳乌鸡核苷酸多样性最高, 德化黑鸡最低。检测到7个氨基酸变异位点, 来自6个品种共11个个体。定义了24种单倍型, 其中单倍型H1和H3为12个乌骨鸡品种共享, 出现频率分别为115次和64次; 盐津乌骨鸡单倍型数最多, 广西乌鸡最少。中性检验与错配分析显示实验种群未经历显著的群体扩张事件。分子变异分析显示81.06%的变异来自群体内; 品种间遗传距离为0.002-0.004, 品种间遗传分化系数Fst值为-0.035至0.594, 雪峰乌骨鸡与其他种群间的遗传分化程度最高。邻接树显示, 乌骨鸡未能独立形成分支, 不能从家鸡和红原鸡中有效区分开来。中国乌骨鸡中介网络图将24个单倍型分为3条进化主支, 呈现出一定的品种特异性, 由无量山乌骨鸡、云南盐津乌骨鸡和雪峰乌骨鸡组成单倍型H8、H9、H11、H12游离于这3条进化主支之外。增加其他家鸡和红原鸡COI基因的中介网络图主体结构与中国乌骨鸡的相同。结果表明中国乌骨鸡品种遗传多样性较低, 但品种间遗传分化显著, 可能是从当地家鸡中选育而来, 需要加强种质资源的保护。  相似文献   

2.
乌骨鸡皮肤酪氨酸酶的荧光特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
酪氨酸酶是生物体合成黑素的关键酶,广泛存在于动植物及人体黑素细胞中.我们曾用一步柱层析方法纯化了乌骨鸡皮肤酪氨酸酶.本文报道用荧光光谱学研究乌骨鸡酪氨酸酶物化性质的一些实验结果. 酪氨酸酶在聚丙烯酰胺疑胶上仅呈一条带. 乌骨鸡酪氨酸酶和许多既含色氨酸又含酪  相似文献   

3.
韩君林 《生物学通报》1996,31(10):42-44
乌骨鸡在验证遗传规律实验中的应用韩君林(安徽省五河第二中学233300)乌骨鸡也称乌鸡,原产江西省泰和县及广东省等地。由于其含有特殊的营养成份,加上相貌奇特(俗称十全乌骨鸡),故为我国特有珍贵的药用、观赏用鸡种。由于引种培育,现全国各地均有分布。乌鸡...  相似文献   

4.
雪峰乌骨鸡自然群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
雪峰乌骨鸡是具有独特遗传特性的优质肉药兼用地方家禽品种.为了评价雪峰乌骨鸡现有品种资源的遗传背景、群体遗传结构等,提出合理的保种方法和措施,本研究筛选了家鸡基因组23条染色体上的23个微卫星标记,对采自湖南怀化的50只纯种乌骨鸡个体进行了多态性检测.结果表明:23个微卫星座位共检测到79个等位基因,所有座位都呈现出多态性,每个座位的等位基因数在2-6个之间,平均为3.435个.群体表现出较高的平均杂合度和平均多态信息含量,分别为0.6285和0.5496,说明雪峰乌骨鸡自然群体具有较丰富的遗传多样性.研究结果将为雪峰乌骨鸡种的保护和利用提供重要的理论依据.  相似文献   

5.
乌骨鸡   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
乌骨鸡又叫泰和鸡、武山鸡、乌鸡、白毛乌骨鸡、羊毛鸡及绒毛鸡等。它的外貌美观,肉色乌黑,柔嫩爽口,营养价值较高,为我国所特产,是驰名中外的优良药用鸡种。 乌骨鸡原产江西省井冈山地区泰和县武山西岩汪陂涂村。据记载,从明朝开始经过纯系繁殖,人工选  相似文献   

6.
δ差异显示筛选武定乌骨鸡"乌色"性状相关基因   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
“乌色”是乌骨鸡的一个主要性状,乌骨鸡的经济价值与药用价值关键在于乌骨鸡的“乌色”性状。为筛选与乌骨鸡“乌色”性状可能相关的基因,应用δ差异显示方法,系统比较全同胞武定乌骨鸡与非乌骨鸡的基因表达情况,回收、再扩增与纯化差异片段,并通过Northern blot验证、克隆和测序后,获得29个ESTs。序列分析结果表明,有8个ESTs分别与鸡已知基因骨骼肌-β原肌球蛋白基因(A17)、贲门肌球蛋白碱轻链基因(B57)、插入激活ras致癌基因(A36)、fra-2致癌基因(B36)、16S rRNA基因(A35)及线粒体基因组序列(D36、C39和D9)同源,序列相似性分别为97%、100%、98%、98%、98%、99%、99%和97%。5个ESTs分别与其他生物已知基因同源,它们是人TTN基因转录本变异novex-2(B53)、人磷酸葡糖变位酶5基因(B109)、人信号识别物54kD基因(B20)、人与鼠核糖核酸酶/血管形成抑制因子基因(C26、D31),差异片段与它们的序列相似性分别为82%、82%、87%、99%和99%,这些基因在鸡中还没被克隆。13个ESTs属于新基因片段,其中9个与数据库中ESTs序列相似性较高,4个属于全新基因片段,在数据库中没有与它们序列相似性较高的ESTs。选择16条差异片段,根据测序结果设计特异性引物,利用12个随机采集的武定乌骨鸡或非乌骨鸡样本,进行基因表达分析,结果表明,1个新基因(A7)片段、2个已知基因(插入激活ras致癌基因A36、信号识别物54kD基因B20)片段具有乌骨鸡或非乌骨鸡表达特异性,从而初步确定它们与武定乌骨鸡“乌色”性状相关。  相似文献   

7.
乌骨鸡是一种具有药用价值的鸡种,乌骨鸡的鸡肉蛋白通过酶促水解后可获得多肽产物乌骨鸡活性肽,营养价值高,分离纯化活性肽是研究乌骨鸡应用价值的基础。利用装置C18反相色谱柱或TSKgel凝胶色谱柱的高效液相色谱仪进行乌骨鸡活性肽的分离优化,针对流动相、流速进行优化的同时,参考波长、进样量,以出峰数为主,结合分离度等考察分离效果。结果表明:C18柱的出峰数随甲醇含量及流速的降低而增加;三氟乙酸或磷酸盐作缓冲液时出峰数基本一致,但分离度不同;综合因素得pH 6.0磷酸盐/6%甲醇/水体系的流动相、0.2 mL/min的流速为该实验下的最佳分离条件。TSKgel柱的乙腈分离效果优于甲醇,梯度洗脱效果较好;综合因素得出0.1%三氟乙酸/(10%~25%)乙腈/水体系的流动相、0.5 mL/min的流速为该实验下的最佳分离条件。  相似文献   

8.
<正>乌鸡又名乌骨鸡、绒毛乌骨鸡、竹丝鸡、药鸡、松毛鸡、羊毛鸡、黑脚鸡、丛冠鸡、毛腿鸡、穿裤鸡等,属于鸟纲、鸡形目、雉科、鸡属。主产于我国福建、江西、广东等省。福建称"白绒鸡",江西称"泰和鸡",广东称"竹丝鸡"。乌骨鸡按羽色可分为白羽和黑羽,一般白色羽的乌鸡习惯称为"白凤",黑色羽则称为"黑凤",也有少数为麻羽或斑羽。其中饲养量最大、分布最广,被国际上所承认的标准品种则为白色丝毛乌骨鸡(观赏型)。其外貌特征为"十全":桑堪冠(草墓  相似文献   

9.
鸡白细胞介素 2 (chIL 2 )是近年来新发现的一类细胞因子 .根据Sundick等发表的鸡IL 2基因序列设计一对特异性引物 ,从ConA体外激活的脾淋巴细胞中提取mRNA ,通过RT PCR方法分别扩增和克隆了我国仙居鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡两个地方品种和艾维茵商品肉鸡IL 2cDNA .仙居鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡和艾维茵商品肉鸡IL 2基因的编码区均由 42 9nt组成 ,编码一个由 143个氨基酸组成的前体蛋白 .基因 5′端含有 17个核苷酸 ,3′端含有 2 85个核苷酸组成的非编码区 ,3′ UTR中含有 5个重复的“ATTTA”序列 .编码蛋白氨基酸与来自GenBank的Kestrel、Obese和SC品系的来杭鸡比较 ,氨基酸的突变主要发生在 2 8~ 3 2位 .而这一区域仙居鸡和丝羽乌骨鸡的编码氨基酸序列与Kestrel来杭鸡相同 ,艾维茵商品肉鸡与Obese和SC来杭鸡相同 .基因系统进化树分析表明 ,仙居鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡和Kestrel来杭鸡具有很近的亲缘关系 ,艾维茵商品肉鸡与Obese和SC来杭鸡具有很近的亲缘关系 .中国的药用鸡品种———丝羽乌骨鸡在非常保守的 13 3位发生了氨基酸突变  相似文献   

10.
利用微卫星标记分析四川8个地方鸡品种遗传多样性   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
通过选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了四川省8个地方鸡品种:峨嵋黑鸡、泸宁鸡、旧院黑鸡、米易鸡、石棉草科鸡、凉山崖鹰鸡、兴文乌骨鸡、沐川乌骨鸡的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的DA遗传距离。结果表明:30个微卫星位点中有24个微卫星位点在8个鸡群体中的多态信息含量均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于各鸡品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析。各鸡种的杂合度都较高,平均杂合度范围是0.629~0.681,最高的是泸宁鸡(0.681),最低的是旧院黑鸡(0.629)。据分析可能是由于交通闭塞,形成了家禽品种的多种多型,而且杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性。对DA遗传距离的计算表明:用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果8个鸡品种被聚为3类:Ⅰ类:峨嵋黑鸡、米易鸡、泸宁鸡、旧院黑鸡聚为一类。米易鸡、泸宁鸡先聚在一起,然后又与峨嵋黑鸡在较近的距离聚在一起,然后再与旧院黑鸡聚在一起;Ⅱ类:石棉草科鸡、兴文乌骨鸡、沐川乌骨鸡聚为一类。兴文乌骨鸡、沐川乌骨鸡在较近的距离聚在一起,然后又与石棉草科鸡在较近的距离聚在一起;Ⅲ类:凉山崖鹰鸡独自聚为一类。这与几个鸡品种的来源、分化、选育历史及地理分布是一致的。  相似文献   

11.
利用微卫星技术分析中国部分地方鸡种的遗传结构   总被引:43,自引:2,他引:41  
利用7个微卫星标记对鹿苑鸡、固始鸡、藏鸡、白耳鸡、仙居鸡、茶花鸡、大骨鸡、北京油鸡、狼山鸡、河南斗鸡、泰和乌骨鸡和萧山鸡等12个中国地方鸡种的等位基因频率、基因杂合度、平均基因杂合度、多态信息含量以及群体间的亲缘关系进行分析。研究结果表明,12个地方鸡种在7个微卫星座位上的基因频率存在一定的差异;鹿苑鸡的平均基因杂合度最高,为0.5929;茶花鸡的平均遗传杂合度最低,为0.3514。平均多态信息含量也出现了类似的结果,说明鹿苑鸡的遗传多样性最丰富。模糊聚类分析结果表明,12个地方鸡种间,泰和乌骨鸡与河南斗鸡的亲缘关系相对较近,而固始鸡与其他11个地方鸡种的亲缘关系相对较远。12个地方鸡种可以聚为3类:泰和乌骨鸡、河南斗鸡、狼山鸡、大骨鸡、萧山鸡、北京油鸡、鹿苑鸡聚为第1个类群;茶花鸡、藏鸡、仙居鸡、白耳鸡聚为第2类群;固始鸡为第3类群。  相似文献   

12.
浙江省地方鸡种的遗传多样性研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
傅衍  牛冬  阮晖  罗静  陈功  余旭平  张亚平 《遗传学报》2001,28(7):606-613
测定了浙江省5个地方鸡种及来航鸡(对照)线粒体D-环区的部分序列(539bp),构建了鸡种的分子系统树。在所测序列中共有24个变异位点,变异率为4.45%。结果显示,浙江省地方鸡种分为两支,有两个母系来源,一支为仙居鸡,它和外来品种来航鸡关系较近,有共同的母系祖先。另一支为灵昆鸡、白银耳鸡、乌骨鸡和萧山鸡,它们有着共同的母系祖先,其中灵昆鸡,白银耳鸡、乌骨鸡较近,萧山鸡与此3种鸡关系较远。  相似文献   

13.
表达序列标签(EST)是由大量随机取出的cDNA库克隆经测序得到的组织或细胞基因组的一段cDNA序列,一个EST代表生物体某种组织某一时期的一个表达基因。综述了EST分析技术在鸡基因组研究中的应用。如用于鉴定、发现和预测鸡的新基因,用于基因图谱的绘制,用于筛选基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,用于基因表达分析和基因芯片制作等。EST数据库和生物信息学的联合分析技术在推动家鸡后基因组的研究中发挥着重要的作用。  相似文献   

14.
The multi-locus model-based clustering method Structure program was used to infer the genetic structure of nine indigenous Chinese chicken (Gallus gallus) populations based on 16 microsatellite markers. Twenty runs were carried out at each chosen value of predefined cluster numbers (K) under admixture model. The Structure program properly inferred the presence of genetic structure with 0.999 probabilities. The genetic structure not only indicated that the nine kinds of chicken populations were defined actually by their locations, phenotypes or culture, but also reflected the underlying genetic variations. At K = 2, nine chicken populations were divided into two main clusters, one light-body type, including Chahua chicken (CHA), Tibet chicken (TIB), Xianju chicken (XIA), Gushi chicken (GUS) and Baier chicken (BAI); and the other heavy-body type, including Beijing You chicken (YOU), Xiaoshan chicken (XIA), Luyuan chicken (LUY) and Dagu chicken (DAG). GUS and DAG were divided into independent clusters respectively when K equaled 4, 5, or 6. XIA and BIA chicken, XIA and LUY chicken, TIB and CHA chicken still clustered together when K equaled 6, 7, and 8, respectively. These clustering results were consistent with the breeding directions of the nine chicken populations. The Structure program also identified migrants or admixed individuals. The admixed individuals were distributed in all the nine chicken populations, while migrants were only distributed in TIB, XIA and LUY populations. These results indicated that the clustering analysis using the Structure program might provide an accurate representation of the genetic relationship among the breeds.  相似文献   

15.
The ontogenic evolution of chicken red cell Fc receptor was studied in red cells from different age chicken embryos, baby chicken, and adult chicken. The Fc receptor binding capacity for ligands, the number of Fc receptors by red cell, and the association constant between receptor and ligand were analyzed. The Fc receptor is expressed in the red cell surface of 6-day chicken embryo and its binding capacity for ligand—minimal at this moment—is increased in the 8-day chicken embryo red cells. The 12-day chicken embryo erythrocytes binding capacity is similar to the adult chicken red cells. The number of Fc receptors by red cell increase with the age of chicken embryo. After 9 days this number is not modified and it is the same as in adult chicken. Variations of Ko and binding capacity for ligands show a similar evolution in embryogenic development. From these data we suggest that although on Day 9 the number of receptors per cell is the same as in adult chicken, the receptors are not completely exposed at this time and as a consequence, their binding capacity for ligands is lower than in adult chicken erythrocytes.  相似文献   

16.
逆转录病毒与转基因鸡   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
摘要:随着生物制药业的迅速发展,转基因鸡输卵管生物反应器正逐渐成为人们关注的焦点,转基因鸡以其卓越的优势必将成为科学研究的热点和生物制药领域的新兴产业之一。目前,转基因鸡最成功的制备方法即逆转录病毒介导法,并已成功制备出表达标记基因的转基因鸡。本文主要综述了逆转录病毒载体制备转基因鸡的优势,逆转录病毒制备转基因鸡的方法和转基因鸡的研究进展,同时也讨论了转基因鸡的意义和存在问题。  相似文献   

17.
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 568 individuals of two red jungle fowl subspe- cies (Gallus gallus spadiceus in China and Gallus gallus gallus in Thailand) and 14 Chinese domestic chicken breeds were evaluated with 29 microstaellite loci, the genetic variability within population and genetic differentiation among population were estimated, and then genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed among red jungle fowls and Chinese domestic fowls. A total of 286 alleles were detected in 16 population with 29 microsatellite markers and the average number of the alleles observed in 29 microsatellite loci was 9.86±6.36. The overall expected heterozygosity of all population was 0.6708±0.0251, and the number of population deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium per locus ranged from 0 to 7. In the whole population, the average of genetic differentiation among population, measured as FST value, was 16.7% (P<0.001), and all loci contributed significantly (P<0.001) to this differentiation. It can also be seen that the deficit of heterozygotes was very high (0.015) (P<0.01). Reynolds' distance values varied between 0.036 (Xiaoshan chicken-Luyuan chicken pair) and 0.330 (G. gallus gallus-Gushi chicken pair). The Nm value ranged from 0.533 (between G. gallus gallus and Gushi chicken) to 5.833 (between Xiaoshan chicken and Luyuan chicken). An unrooted consensus tree was constructed using the neighbour-joining method and the Reynolds' genetic distance. The heavy-body sized chicken breeds, Luyuan chicken, Xiaoshan chicken, Beijing Fatty chicken, Henan Game chicken, Huainan Partridge and Langshan chicken formed one branch, and it had a close genetic relationship between Xiaoshan chicken-Luyuan chicken pair and Chahua chicken-Tibetan chicken pair. Chahua chicken and Tibetan chicken had closer genetic relationship with these two subspecies of red jungle fowl than other domestic chicken breeds. G. gallus spadiceus showed closer phylogenetic relationship with Chinese domestic chicken breeds than G. gallus gallus. All 29 microstaellite loci in this study showed high levels of polymorphism and significant genetic differentiation was observed among two subspecies of red jungle fowl and 14 Chinese domestic chicken breeds. The evolutional dendrogram is as follows: evolutional breeds→primitive breeds (Chahua chicken and Tibetan)→red jungle fowl in China (G. gallus spadiceus)→red jungle fowl in Thailand (G. gallus gallus). The results supported the theory that the domestic fowls might originate from different subspecies of red jungle fowl and Chinese domestic fowls had independent origin.  相似文献   

18.
为了建立原代鸡胚细胞的传代培养工艺,探究传代鸡胚细胞对麻疹病毒的敏感性和适应性,本研究将原代鸡胚细胞进行传代培养,分别采用原代鸡胚细胞和传代鸡胚细胞培养麻疹病毒沪-191(Shanghai-191,S-191)株毒种,并对病毒收获液进行滴度检测和基因序列测定。结果显示,原代鸡胚细胞可稳定传代培养至第10代,各代次细胞生长趋势相似;第5代鸡胚细胞染色体检查为正常染色体核型;第8代鸡胚细胞成瘤性检查未见成瘤;采用第3、5代鸡胚细胞制备的麻疹病毒滴度水平高于原代鸡胚细胞,但无显著性差异(n=3,P>0.05),编码病毒核蛋白(nucleoprotein,N)和血凝素蛋白(hemagglutinin,H)的基因序列与S-191株完全一致,未发生变异。本研究证实,原代鸡胚细胞可进行传代培养,各代次鸡胚细胞对麻疹病毒的敏感性不变,产毒水平无显著差异,可用于培养麻疹病毒。  相似文献   

19.
Messenger RNA isolated from chicken pituitaries was used to construct a chicken pituitary cDNA library. A chicken growth hormone cDNA clone was isolated using 32P-labeled mammalian growth hormone cDNA probes. The amino acid sequence (derived from the DNA sequence) of the mature form of chicken growth hormone shows 77% homology with that of bovine growth hormone. The chicken growth hormone cDNA clone was used to generate a vector capable of producing chicken growth hormone in Escherichia coli. The recombinant E. coli-derived chicken growth hormone was similar to pituitary chicken growth hormone in several biochemical and immunological properties. The recombinant-derived hormone has been used to establish a sensitive radioimmunoassay for growth hormone determinations made from chicken sera. The chicken growth hormone gene has also been introduced into a retroviral vector capable of establishing productive infections of chicken cells both in in vitro and in vivo. The resulting infections are accompanied by the production of radioimmunoassay-detectable growth hormone. The concentrations of growth hormone in sera of Leghorn chickens infected with the recombinant retrovirus are three- to tenfold higher than in control animals.  相似文献   

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