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1.
本文记述在山东省危害槐树SophorajapomicaLinnaeus的三刺角蝉属Tricentrus1新种;槐树三刺角蝉Tricentrussophoraesspnov,其寄主除槐树外,还有龙爪槐S.japonicaf.pendulaLond.刺槐RobriniapseudoacaciaLinn,紫穗槐AmorphafruticosaLinn,模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。  相似文献   

2.
本文讨论了三刺角蝉族TricentriniAhmadetYasmeen,1974特征及所辖4个属的关系,认为秃角蝉属CentrotoscelusFrnkhouser,1914为其中一独立属。记述了三刺角蝉属Tricentrus中国8个新种:胡颓子三刺角蝉T.elaeagni,茶树三刺角蝉T.cameliae,马桑三刺角蝉T.coriariae,驼背三刺角蝉T.dorsocameloideus,肖融瓣三刺角蝉T.coligatoclypeides,油茶三刺角蝉T.camelolefer,半透翅三刺角蝉T.semipelucidus,以及铁刀木三刺角蝉T.caesalpiniae。它们的共同特征是:额唇基的中、侧瓣融合;雌性第9腹节背板的后上角管状。模式标本均保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆  相似文献   

3.
本文讨论了三角蝉族TricentriniAhmadetYasmeen,1974特征及所辖4个属的关系,认为秃角蝉属CentrotosclusFrnkhouser,1914为其中一独立属。模式标本均保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。  相似文献   

4.
中国雅角蝉属一新种(同翅目:角蝉科)袁锋,范骁凌(西北农业大学昆虫研究所陕西省杨陵区712100)本文记述了采自云南勐腊、勐养雅角蝉属CentrocharesStl1新种。模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。花翅雅角蝉Centrocharespor...  相似文献   

5.
西方记述无齿角蝉属NondenticentrusYuanetChou3新种,即:拟黑无齿角蝉N.paramelanicussp.nov  相似文献   

6.
弧角蝉族二新属四新种(同翅目:角蝉科)袁锋,田润刚(陕西省杨陵区西北农业大学昆虫研究所,陕西省杨陵区712100)关键词角蝉科,弧角蝉族,新属,新种,中国①国家自然科学基金资助项目TWONEWGENERAANDFOURNEWSPECIESOFLEPT...  相似文献   

7.
二刺角蝉属HemicentursMelichar的分类地位历来有很大的争议,不同的作者往往把该属放在不同的亚科甚至不同的科中。该属全世界已知5种,均分布于东洋区,我国已记载有二种,即:H.cornutusFunkh.和H.atenuatusFunkh.。作者研究了保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆的二刺角蝉属标本50余件,鉴定出6种,其中有5新种:宽二刺角蝉H.latus,褐二刺角蝉H.brunneus,细二刺角蝉H.tenuis,短二刺角蝉H.brevis,斜二刺角蝉H.obliquus。并基于详细的形态学、细胞学、幼期形态特征的研究,进一步论证了该属的分类地位,认为应放到角蝉科Membracidae露盾角蝉亚科Centrotinae弧角蝉族Leptocentrini.。  相似文献   

8.
通过研究,作者认为钩冠角蝉属Hypsolyrium的前胸背板前角突形状在同种个体间变异很大,不能作为种鉴别的主要特征。作者通过对雄性外生殖器、头部额唇基端部形状、两单眼间距离、前胸背板齿的有无、后突起长度、雌性翅的形状等特征的观察,对钩冠角蝉属进行了分类研究,记述了本属所有已知种类——全世界共知7种,其中包括3新种,即乌桕钩冠角蝉H.sapium,油桐钩冠角蝉H.aleurites, 江西钩冠角蝉H.jangxiensis,制作了分种检索表。并应用Farris-Wagner数值分析法对7个种的系统发育进行了分析,绘制了系统发育支序图。  相似文献   

9.
中国记录的角蝉原只属于露盾角蝉亚科Centrotinae。在对1991年从云南采集的角蝉标本的鉴定中,我们发现在我国有另一个亚科——隐盾角蝉亚科Oxyrhachinae的种类分布。本文报导了这一新记录亚科,并记述该亚科一新种。模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。 隐盾角蝉亚科Oxyrhachinae,中国新记录亚科 该亚科于1929年由Haupt所建立,识别特征是小盾片完全被前胸背板所遮盖,前胸背板下缘和中胸前侧片下方各有一个向下后方伸出的齿突。大多种类分布于非洲,仅少数种类分布于亚洲和澳洲。 隐盾角蝉属Oxyrhachis Germar,中国新记录属 根据Capener(1962)的意见,隐盾角蝉亚科仅包括一个属——隐盾角蝉属Oxyrhachis Germar,该属的异名有Oxyrhachidia Melichar(1903),Xiphistes Stal(1866),Gongroneura Jacobi(1910),Xiphistoides Goding(1931),Kombazana Distant(1908)。中华隐盾角蝉Oxyrhachis sinensis,新种(图1-10) 体中型,雄虫较雌虫体小,体长5.7-6.5mm,上肩角顶端间宽2.6—3.5mm,肩角间宽2.3-2.6mm,红褐色。外形很近似于分布在印度、南非等地的Oxyrhachis tarandus(Fabricius),但区别在于:①成虫的上肩角比较上举,后突起不伸出前翅臀角;②若虫头顶突粗壮,前胸背板前突起顶端钝;③雄虫细胞减数分裂中期X染色体  相似文献   

10.
刺茎叶蝉属四新种(同翅目:离脉叶蝉科)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文记述刺茎叶蝉属4新种:横迹刺茎叶蝉Taharana trackana sp.nov.,红带刺茎叶蝉Taharana ruficincta sp.nov.,白斑刺茎叶蝉Taharana albopunctata sp.nov.,横带刺茎叶蝉Taharana fasciana sp.nov.。文中对每一新种的形态和雄性外生殖器构造特征进行了详细的描述,并附主要特征图。  相似文献   

11.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Sexual dimorphism in size is common in birds. Males are usually larger than females, although in some taxa reversed size dimorphism (RSD) predominates. Whilst direct dimorphism is attributed to sexual selection in males giving greater reproductive access to females, the evolutionary causes of RSD are still unclear. Four different hypotheses could explain the evolution of RSD in monogamous birds: (1) The ‘energy storing’ hypothesis suggests that larger females could accumulate more reserves at wintering or refuelling areas to enable an earlier start to egg laying. (2) According to the ‘incubation ability’ hypothesis, RSD has evolved because large females can incubate more efficiently than small ones. (3) The ‘parental role division’ hypothesis suggests that RSD in monogamous waders has evolved in species with parental role division and uniparental male care of the chicks. It is based on the assumption that small male size facilitates food acquisition in terrestrial habitats where chick rearing takes place and that larger females can accumulate more reserves for egg laying in coastal sites. (3) The ‘display agility’ hypothesis suggests that small males perform better in acrobatic displays presumably involved in mate choice and so RSD may have evolved due to female preference for agile males. I tested these hypotheses in monogamous waders using several comparative methods. Given the current knowledge of the phylogeny of this group, the evolutionary history of waders seems only compatible with the hypothesis that RSD has evolved as an adaptation for increasing display performance in males. In addition, the analysis of wing shape showed that males of species with acrobatic flight displays had wings with higher aspect ratio (wing span/2wing area) than non-acrobatic species, which probably increases flight manoeuvrability during acrobatic displays. In species with acrobatic displays males also had a higher aspect ratio than females although no sexual difference was found in non-acrobatic species. These results suggest that acrobatic flight displays could have produced changes in the morphology of some species and suggest the existence of selection favouring higher manoeuvrability in species with acrobatic flight displays. This supports the validity of the mechanisms proposed by the ‘display agility’ hypothesis to explain the evolution of RSD in waders.  相似文献   

12.
Dimorphic sexual differences in shape and body size are called sexual dimorphism and sexual size dimorphism, respectively. The degrees of both dimorphisms are considered to increase with sexual selection, represented by male–male competition. However, the degrees of the two dimorphisms often differ within a species. In some dung beetles, typical sexual shape dimorphisms are seen in male horns and other exaggerated traits, although sexual size dimorphism looks rare. We hypothesized that the evolution of this sexual shape dimorphism without sexual size dimorphism is caused by male–male competition and their crucial and sex-indiscriminate provisioning behaviors, in which parents provide the equivalent size of brood ball with each of both sons and daughters indiscriminately. As a result of individual-based model simulations, we show that parents evolve to provide each of sons and daughters with the optimal amount of resource for a son when parents do not distinguish the sex of offspring and males compete for mates. This result explains why crucial and sex-indiscriminate parental provisioning does not prevent the evolution of sexual shape dimorphism. The model result was supported by empirical data of Scarabaeidae beetles. In some dung beetles, sexual size dimorphism is absent, compared with significant sexual size dimorphism in other horned beetles, although both groups exhibit similar degrees of sexual shape dimorphism in male horns and other exaggerated traits.  相似文献   

13.
There are currently several debates taking place in palaeoanthropological circles in which the issue of sexual dimorphism is crucial. During the 60th Jubilee of the discovery of the TaungAustralopithecus skull, the authors concurred that much of the debate was due to differences in perception concerning dimorphism, and it was suggested that a study session dealing principally with sexual dimorphism in Primates should be organised with a view to determining what, if anything, could be observed in extant primates that might be utilised for determining the existence of dimorphism in fossil species. An advertisement was placed in the Journal of Human Evolution, calling for papers. Response was encouraging, suggesting that there was indeed a need for such a meeting, which was organised to take place late in November in Italy. Seventeen scientists sent abstracts, but due to the rather short notice, several were unable to attend the meeting. Nevertheless, papers were received and read at the meeting which form the basis for this issue of the Journal of Human Evolution. What remains to be done now, is for a second meeting to be organised at which the findings of the first meeting can be extended backwards in time into the fossil record.  相似文献   

14.
    
In this paper, we examine allometric and sexual-selection explanations for interspecific differences in the amount of sexual dimorphism among 60 primate species. Based on evidence provided by statistical analyses, we reject Leutenegger and Cheverud’s [(1982). Int. J. Primatol.3:387-402] claim that body size alone is the major factor in the evolution of sexual dimorphism. The alternative proposed here is that sexual selection due to differences in the reproductive potential of males and females is the primary cause of sexual dimorphism. In addition, we propose that the overall size of a species determines whether the dimorphism will be expressed as size dimorphism,rather than in some other form.  相似文献   

15.
    
The introduction and persistence of novel, sexually antagonistic alleles can depend upon factors that differ between males and females. Understanding the conditions for invasion in a two‐locus model can elucidate these processes. For instance, selection can act differently upon the sexes, or sex linkage can facilitate the invasion of genetic variation with opposing fitness effects between the sexes. Two factors that deserve further attention are recombination rates and allele frequencies – both of which can vary substantially between the sexes. We find that sex‐specific recombination rates in a two‐locus diploid model can affect the invasion outcome of sexually antagonistic alleles and that the sex‐averaged recombination rate is not necessarily sufficient to predict invasion. We confirm that the range of permissible recombination rates is smaller in the sex benefitting from invasion and larger in the sex harmed by invasion. However, within the invasion space, male recombination rate can be greater than, equal to or less than female recombination rate in order for a male‐benefit, female‐detriment allele to invade (and similarly for a female‐benefit, male‐detriment allele). We further show that a novel, sexually antagonistic allele that is also associated with a lowered recombination rate can invade more easily when present in the double heterozygote genotype. Finally, we find that sexual dimorphism in resident allele frequencies can impact the invasion of new sexually antagonistic alleles at a second locus. Our results suggest that accounting for sex‐specific recombination rates and allele frequencies can determine the difference between invasion and non‐invasion of novel, sexually antagonistic alleles in a two‐locus model.  相似文献   

16.
为了解蛇鮈雌雄间是否存在显著的外部形态差异及雌性个体生殖力情况, 在繁殖期对嘉陵江下游(合川江段)共76尾蛇鮈样本的两性异形、性比及雌性个体生殖力进行分析.结果表明: 嘉陵江下游蛇鮈繁殖群体的性比接近1∶1,且蛇鮈两性的体型大小相同,但局部特征(如头部和躯干部等)呈现出显著的两性异形,如成体雄性蛇鮈的头部、胸鳍和腹鳍均较雌性蛇鮈大,而躯干部的体宽、体高和躯干长则是雌性蛇鮈大于雄性蛇鮈,这可能是性选择长期作用的结果.主成分分析显示,前3个主成分的累积贡献率达75.2%,但雌雄个体间形态特征相互重叠,无法将两者截然分开;利用判别函数对蛇鮈性别进行回判,综合判别准确率为92.1%.蛇鮈雌性个体绝对生殖力在979~19979粒;且与体长和去内脏体质量均呈显著正相关.同历史资料相比,本研究中嘉陵江蛇鮈的生殖力增大显著,这可能是蛇鮈对种群资源量下降和水环境变化主动适应的结果.  相似文献   

17.
    
Wing polymorphism has been reported for several carabid beetles. Traditionally, a great number of ecological and evolutionary studies have focused on this peculiarity, which has implications on dispersal power. Research based on Orthomus berytensis specimens from two sampling areas of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) has shown that this species exhibits a wing dimorphism, instead of being brachypterous. This makes O. berytensis the first Orthomus wing dimorphic species to date. Statistical differences in macropterous percentage between both sexes and localities were found. Also, a sexual dimorphism in elytra length and width was found, both being higher in females.  相似文献   

18.
姚冲学  吕婷  王方  黄元  肖剑  陈明勇 《四川动物》2019,(2):194-199,205
2018年6—8月,测量采自云南省昆明市金殿水库后山的71只(47♂,24♀)大蹼铃蟾Bombina maxima成体的体长、头长、头宽等15项形态特征指标并检验该物种的两性异形。结果表明:雄性平均体长为53.54 mm±1.14 mm,雌性平均体长为52.74 mm±1.45 mm,雄性与雌性平均体长比为1.015,两性异性指数为0.01;大蹼铃蟾的体长、体质量与性别之间的差异无统计学意义;除了雌性的眼间距外,其余13项形态特征与体长均有极显著相关性;以体长为协变量的协方差分析结果显示,大蹼铃蟾的头长、吻长、前臂宽、腿或后肢全长、胫长、胫宽和跗足长在两性间的差异有高度统计学意义;雄性的这7项形态特征随体长的生长速率大于雌性。性选择假说能解释大蹼铃蟾的两性异形现象。  相似文献   

19.
Sexual dichromatism, a form of sexual dimorphism in which males and females differ in colour, is widespread in animals but has been predominantly studied in birds, fishes and butterflies. Moreover, although there are several proposed evolutionary mechanisms for sexual dichromatism in vertebrates, few studies have examined this phenomenon outside the context of sexual selection. Here, we describe unexpectedly high diversity of sexual dichromatism in frogs and create a comparative framework to guide future analyses of the evolution of these sexual colour differences. We review what is known about evolution of colour dimorphism in frogs, highlight alternative mechanisms that may contribute to the evolution of sexual colour differences, and compare them to mechanisms active in other major groups of vertebrates. In frogs, sexual dichromatism can be dynamic (temporary colour change in males) or ontogenetic (permanent colour change in males or females). The degree and the duration of sexual colour differences vary greatly across lineages, and we do not detect phylogenetic signal in the distribution of this trait, therefore frogs provide an opportunity to investigate the roles of natural and sexual selection across multiple independent derivations of sexual dichromatism.  相似文献   

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