壳聚糖-阿拉伯胶布洛芬缓释微囊制备工艺研究

本文以壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶为囊材,利用复凝聚法将布洛芬微囊化。以微囊的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标,通过正交实验得出微囊的最佳制备工艺条件为：壳聚糖浓度为0．2％、成囊pH为4．5、成囊温度为45℃、搅拌速度为200rpm。以最佳制备工艺条件制备含药微囊,重现性好,工艺稳定,同时体外溶出实验表明,该微囊具有较好的缓释作用。     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠靛玉红自微乳缓释微囊制备、评价及体外释放的研究

以靛玉红自微乳为囊心物,壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为囊材,采用复凝聚法制备壳聚糖-海藻酸钠靛玉红自乳化缓释微囊,通过正交实验和单因素考察确定壳聚糖-海藻酸钠靛玉红缓释微囊的最佳制备工艺。并以载药量、包封率为评价指标对其进行质量评价,同时以体外释放度评价其释药性能。壳聚糖-海藻酸钠靛玉红缓释微囊的最佳工艺是海藻酸钠的浓度为1.5%,靛玉红自微乳体积、海藻酸钠体积、壳聚糖质量三者比例为1∶1∶0.5,氯化钙浓度的最佳浓度为2.0%。采用该工艺制备的微囊载药量为0.0416%、包封率为79.2%,体外释放24 h累积释放率为(97.1±2.68)%。该微囊的释放符合Higuchi方程和一级释药模型,具有较好的缓释作用。     

阿莫西林微囊的制备及临床应用研究

目的:研究阿莫西林微囊的制备及临床应用。方法选取乙基纤维素作为包囊材料,使用液中干燥法对阿莫西林微囊进行制备,进而对微囊的含量、粒度分布以及临床应用进行研究。结果:利用液中干燥法制备阿莫西林微囊,其粒度分布在150um到850um之间,收率高达85%以上。结论:通过临床应用研究,阿莫西林微囊的缓释作用比阿莫西林粉末更为显著。     

复凝聚法制备丁香油微囊的工艺研究

目的:对丁香油进行微囊化,并对其成囊、固化条件进行考察.方法:以丁香油为囊心物,以阿拉伯胶和明胶为囊材,采用复凝聚法制备丁香油微囊,考察温度、pH、阿拉伯胶与明胶比例对成囊的影响;考察固化剂用量、搅拌速度和搅拌时间对固化的影响,以微囊的外观形状,粒径和均匀度为考察指标.结果:在温度35℃、pH3.5以下时壁材凝聚过度;在45℃、pH4.5以上时,壁材不能凝聚.结论:在40℃、阿拉伯胶与明胶1∶1、pH4.3时,成裳情况最佳;在固化剂用量2mL/g,转速900n/min、固化时间90min时固化程度较理想.     

5-FU壳聚糖-阿拉伯胶缓释微囊的制备工艺研究

研究以壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶为基质材料,制备5-FU缓释微囊.以微囊的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标,利用复凝聚法,通过L_9(3~4)正交实验得出微囊的最佳制备工艺条件.以最佳制备工艺条件制备的5-FU缓释微囊,所制微囊形态及稳定性较好.体外释放研究表明,微囊有良好的缓释效果.     

双歧联菌株微胶囊制剂的改进

目的：提高微胶囊制剂的安全性。方法：采用ESM2为囊材,代替原用的ESM1。同时以95％乙醇代替丙酮作为囊材溶剂。结果：经实验确定了ESM2微囊化的最佳浓度为8％,并进一步确定了复合囊材中各种辅料的添加量以及微囊化操作条件。结论：在上述优化条件制备的双歧联菌株微胶囊具有良好的耐酸性和肠溶性。     

星点设计效应面法优化红花黄色素缓释微丸的制备工艺

以乙基纤维素为原料,制备红花黄色素缓释微丸,提高药物的稳定性。采用液中干燥法,以包封率、载药量为指标,通过星点设计效应面法选择出制备红花黄色素微丸的最优工艺:搅拌速率600 r/min,液体石蜡用量27m L,乙基纤维素用量0.36 g。在此条件下所得微丸圆整度良好,体外释放平稳。此工艺简单易行,效应面优化法建立的数学模型预测结果可靠。     

杀虫剂微胶囊Ⅱ型的杀虫效能

<正> 我们曾报告复凝聚法杀虫剂微胶囊(Ⅰ型)的研制及其缓释长效、安全、减臭的特性。1981年我们又研制成界面聚合法缩脲囊壁的新型杀虫剂微胶囊,称为杀虫剂微胶囊Ⅱ型(简称Ⅱ型微囊)。现将其杀虫效能的材料整理如下。 一、Ⅱ型微囊的研制 以聚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯为囊壁材料。先使杀虫剂原油在水相中分散成微滴,在一定温度下,囊壁材料在水与油的界面聚合而成囊壁,将原油微滴包裹在内。在囊壁材料的用量、保护胶的品种与用量、制备干     

洛索洛芬钠混合性缓释片的制备

目的:制备洛索洛芬钠混合性缓释片并考察其体外释放度.方法:采用混合骨架材料制备洛索洛芬钠混合性缓释片.以硬脂酸为骨架材料,并以药物在222 nm的波长处的吸收度为指标考察不同比例的硬脂酸、乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素及乳糖对洛索洛芬钠释放速率和影响因素进行考察,确定最优处方.结果:在一定范围内,随着硬脂酸量的减少,乳糖和HPMC含量增加,片剂的累积释放量增加.制备的缓释片可以持续释放药物12小时.结论:制备的洛索洛芬钠混合性缓释片缓释效果良好.     

用壳聚糖/海藻酸钠制备干扰素-τ缓释微囊

目的:用壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为原料,制备干扰素-τ微囊,希望发展一种口服干扰素制剂。方法:使用注射器手工滴制的方法,在滴加过程中,速度和距离是影响囊形的主要因素。结果:壳聚糖/海藻酸钠微囊法应用于干扰素-τ药物的包封,其制备简单快速,干扰素-τ包封率很高,并且具有肠溶缓释作用。结论:壳聚糖/海藻酸钠微囊有望用于制备干扰素-τ或其他肽类药物的口服制剂。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.