黄胫小车蝗活动行为的观察

黄胫小车蝗活动行为观察结果表明,在时间、位置、方位三因素中,以方位因素水平间最显著,F=21.89>F_0.01(3.83);在互作中最显著的为时间×位置,F=80.34>F_0.01(2.12);在连作时间×位置×方位也最显著,F=3.79>F_0.01(1.64)。用新复极差测验方位北小区最显著,α=0.01;时间×位置的互作,12时有食料最显著,α=0.01;位置×方位的互作,笼壁北小区最显著,α=0.01;时间×位置×方位的互作,20时笼壁北小区最显著,α=0.01。光量、温度(x)与虫量(y)均呈负相关,r=-0.6153、r=-0.7877。     

黄胫小车蝗室内种群的建立及亚洲小车蝗痘病毒的增殖

1966年美国人最早从草地血黑蝗Ｍｅｌａｎｏｐｌｕｓｓａｎｇｕｉｎｉｐｅｓ上分离到病毒[1] ,1969年确认为是一种痘病毒(ｅｎｔｏｍｏｐｏｘｖｉｒｕｓ ,ＥＰＶ) [2 ] ,其后他们用这种草地蝗虫大量增殖痘病毒 ,现已进入了田间试验阶段[3] 。 1981年我国也从草地蝗虫中分离到痘病毒[4 ] ,但我国没有人研究过草地蝗虫的大量饲养问题 ,草地蝗虫的大量饲养与鳞翅目昆虫不同 ,即使在当地条件下饲养也很困难 ,这使得我国利用痘病毒防治草地蝗虫的研究一直停滞不前。2 0世纪 80年代末 ,我们从新疆和内蒙古的其它重要草地蝗虫中分离到痘病毒[5] ,能…     

黄胫小车蝗受精囊的亚显微结构

利用组织学方法,观察了黄胫小车蝗Oedaleus infernalis 受精囊的显微与亚显微结构。结果表明,黄胫小车蝗受精囊为单个,由高度卷曲的受精囊管和蚕豆状的端囊构成。受精囊壁主要由表皮层、上皮层、基膜和肌肉层构成;上皮层包含上皮细胞、导管细胞和腺细胞。上皮细胞在靠表皮层的边缘有大量的微绒毛,两相邻上皮细胞的细胞膜相互嵌入,并有细微的突起延伸在导管细胞及腺细胞之间,直到基膜,达基膜处的上皮细胞膜折叠,与腺细胞膜的折叠,一起形成迷宫样的指状突起,附着在基膜上。导管细胞有一个较大的核和分泌导管,连接于腺细胞的细胞腔和受精囊腔,将腺细胞中分泌物运输到受精囊腔中。腺细胞具有典型的分泌细胞特征： 含发达内质网、高尔基复合体及不同大小的囊泡。肌肉层位于受精囊最外层,附在基膜上。在受精囊不同部位的结构有差异。在交配前和交配后,受精囊腺细胞的亚显微结构也有差异。     

黄胫小车蝗受精囊内含物研究

用组织化学、亲和组织化学方法研究了黄胫小车蝗 Oedaleus infernalis Saussure交配前后受精囊内含物的化学组成。结果表明,黄胫小车蝗受精囊内含物有蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物。交配前后黄胫小车蝗受精囊腔及腺细胞中蛋白质、碳水化合物的含量有较大差异,交配后的含量明显高于交配前的,说明交配活动启动了受精囊腺细胞的分泌,使受精囊腔及受精囊管中积聚大量的碳水化合物及蛋白质。交配前后受精囊脂类含量没有明显变化。用亲和组织化学方法对交配后受精囊进行染色分析,表明受精囊腔内含物的碳水化合物、蛋白质主要以糖蛋白形式存在,糖残基主要有半乳糖、甘露糖及α-葡萄糖。     

昆虫卵子发生过程中细胞凋亡的研究进展

细胞凋亡是动物发育过程中的基本生命现象,是多细胞生物体一种重要的自我稳定机制。除体细胞发生凋亡外,生殖细胞在其发生过程中也有细胞凋亡。对近10年来昆虫卵子发生过程中细胞凋亡的研究作了综述。重点关注昆虫卵子发生过程中细胞凋亡发生的阶段、凋亡的形态特征、凋亡的调控及意义等,以期为相关研究提供基础资料。     

文昌鱼卵子发生中成熟分裂时卵母细胞的超微结构研究

首次观察文昌鱼卵发生进入和一次成熟分裂前期联合会丝复合粗线期,双线期和网状期卵原细胞及卵母细胞生发泡及胞质的超微结构特点,在生发泡内同源染色体配对,联会丝复合体中央出现重组节。不同发育类型的核样体及其相关线粒体是这一时期卵母细胞胞质的主要特征     

短额负蝗卵子发生过程中糖复合物的动态分布

以生物素标记的凝集素(UEA-I、SBA、PNA)为探针,利用凝集素组织化学方法对短额负蝗(Atracto-morphasinensis)卵子发生过程中滤泡细胞和卵母细胞内糖复合物的分布进行了定位研究。结果表明,在卵子发生的各期滤泡细胞和卵母细胞中没有UEA-I受体的表达,SBA和PNA受体以不同的分布模式呈阶段性表达。两者首次出现于卵母细胞生长期,随后PNA受体消失,SBA受体大量表达;在卵黄形成期前期SBA受体和重新出现的PNA受体表达于卵黄颗粒形成部位,卵黄形成期后期两者均为阴性表达;成熟卵子中两种受体又以不同程度重新出现于卵黄膜。两种受体在滤泡细胞内均大量表达。提示,N-乙酰半乳糖胺和半乳糖-β-(1,3)半乳糖胺复合物的修饰和变化与卵母细胞的发育、卵黄物质的形成及滤泡细胞的增殖分化密切相关,卵黄膜上的糖复合物可能与精卵识别有关。     

基于线粒体COI基因序列的黄胫小车蝗不同地理种群的遗传分化及基因流分析

黄胫小车蝗Oedaleus infernalis Saussure是一种在我国分布广泛、 对农牧业生产危害严重的经济害虫。本文对黄胫小车蝗10个地理种群的线粒体COI基因序列进行测序和分析, 利用DnaSP 5.0和Arlequin 3.5.1.2软件对该蝗虫种群间的遗传多样性、 遗传分化程度、 基因流水平及分子变异进行了分析, 建立了单倍型贝叶斯系统发育进化树和单倍型网络图。结果表明： 在所分析的144个序列样本中, 共检测到21种单倍型, 其中1种单倍型为10个地理种群所共享。总群体的单倍型多样性指数为0.653, 各地理种群单倍型多样度范围在0.423~0.790之间。总群体和各种群的Tajima’s D检验结果皆不显著, 说明该种害虫在较近的历史上未经历群体扩张。总群体的遗传分化系数Gst为0.04436, 固定系数Fst为0.05255, 基因流Nm为9.01。AMOVA分子方差分析结果表明, 黄胫小车蝗的遗传分化主要来自种群内部, 种群间的遗传变异水平较低。各地理种群的遗传距离的大小与其地理距离间没有显著的相关性。贝叶斯系统发育进化树与单倍型网络图显示, 黄胫小车蝗各地理种群中的单倍型散布在不同的分布群中, 分布格局较为混杂, 未形成明显的系统地理结构。研究结果揭示, 黄胫小车蝗各种群间的基因交流并未受到地理距离的影响。     

STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF OEDMEUS ASIATICUS ENTOMOPOXVIRUS PROPAGATED IN OEDALEUS INFERNALIS*

Abstract The morphological characteristics and development of Oedaleus asiaticus entomopoxvirus propagated in Oeddeus infernalis are reported. This virus mainly infected host's fat bodies and hemocytes. Three kinds of spheroids were observed during propagation: big spheroid (30. 41 μm × 25. 40 μm), ellipsoid (6. 58 μm × 4. 78 μm) and small spheroid (3. 35 μm × 2. 60 μm). The virions embeded in them were oval, measuring 230 nm × 176 nm. The typical characteristic of poxviruses as spherical units with the mulberry-like surface could be seen under transmission electron microscope. The lateral body was cylinder-shaped. The rope-like substances in the core folded back only once; therefore two spots in transverse sections were seen. The development of the virions included four stages: the appearance of viro-plasm, the formation of spherical particles, the differentiation of core and capsid. The grasshoppers only in the same genus could be infected by this virus.     

亚洲小车蝗痘病毒形态及发育研究(英语)

本文报道亚洲小车蝗痘病毒感染黄胫小车蝗引起的病理学变化.该病毒主要感染寄主脂肪体,其次为血细胞.球状体有3种类型:大球体、椭球体和小球体,大小分别为30.41μm×25.40μm、6.58μm×4.78μm和3.35μm×2.60μm.病毒粒子为椭球形,大小为230 nm×176 urn,囊膜表面具有球状亚单位,直径为16nm,使病毒粒子看上去似桑椹,侧体为圆筒形,髓核内绳索状物质似有2折,在横切面上是2个圆点.病毒粒子的发育包括以下4个主要阶段:病毒发生基质的产生;球状颗粒的形成;内核和侧体的分化;髓核和衣壳的进一步分化.成熟病毒粒子逐渐包入球状体.该病毒可感染同属蝗虫.     

Origin and early development of female germ cells in Eoleptestheria ticinensis Balsamo-Crivelli, 1859 (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Conchostraca)

We have studied the early stages of the development of the female germ cells in the Conchostraca Eoleptestheria ticinensis Balsamo-Crivelli, 1859. The gametes originate in a scattered way throughout the tubular units of the gonad, with no development gradient recognizable. The female germ cells arise from successive karyokineses not followed by cytokinesis, within an unorganised area in which a sort of plasmodium is formed. Each primordial nucleus of this germarium develops and then forms an individual plasmic membrane. Subsequently, the usual organules differentiate in the cytoplasm. The presence of synaptinemal complexes and the beginning of the endogenous vitellogenesis by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus qualify the previtellogenesis. The general characteristics of this early development phase of the gametes, as well as several substantial differences in the gametogenesis with respect to the other Phyllopoda studied, lead us to suggest the systematic positioning of the Leptestheriidae.     

Morphological markers of anteroposterior and dorsoventral polarity in developing oocytes of the hymenopteranCosmoconus meridionator (Ichneumonidae)

Summary The progressive establishment of anteroposterior and dorsoventral polarity in developing oocytes ofCosmoconus meridionator is described. In fully grown oocytes, the asymmetrical (polar) organization is apparent in the localization of the oocyte nucleus (germinal vesicle) and oosome, and in the uneven (graded) distribution of lipid droplets, yolk spheres and specific organelles termed accessory nuclei (AN). The latter structures occur preferentially within the anteroventral periplasm. The developmental significance of AN is discussed.     

Spindlin在银鲫卵母细胞中磷酸化修饰分析

Spindlin最早在小鼠中被发现和命名,是MOS/MAP激酶通路的底物。实验室之前在银鲫卵母细胞中克隆并分离鉴定出具有同小鼠相似序列特征和表达特性的Spindlin,命名为CagSpin(Carassius auratus gibelio Spindlin)。CagSpin是一个母源表达的蛋白,存在于卵母细胞生长、减数成熟以及早期胚胎发育过程中。研究结合去磷酸化和Western blot分析,检测到CagSpin在卵母细胞中发生磷酸化。进一步通过毛细管电泳(Capillary Electrophoresis,CE)对蛋白水解后的氨基酸残基进行分析,确定在银鲫卵母细胞中CagSpin蛋白的苏氨酸残基(threonine,Thr)被磷酸化,这一结果为CagSpin在卵母细胞中的磷酸化修饰提供了证据,表明磷酸化的CagSpin在银鲫卵子发生、卵母细胞成熟和卵—胚转换中可能起了重要作用。     

The spatial arrangement of germ line cells in ovarian follicles of the mutantdicephalic inDrosophila melanogaster

Summary The pattern of intercellular connections between germ line cells has been studied in follicles of the mutantdicephalic (dic), which possess nurse cell clusters at both poles. Staining of follicles with a fluorescent rhodamine conjugate of phalloidin reveals ring canals and cell membranes and thus allows us to reconstruct the spatial organization of the follicle. Each germ line cell can be identified by the pattern of cell-cell connections which reflect the mitotic history of individual cells in the 16-cell cluster. The results indicate that in both wild-type anddicephalic cystocyte clusters one of the two cells with four ring canals normally becomes the pro-oocyte. However, in some follicles (dicephalic and wild-type) oocytes were found with fewer or more than four ring canals. Indic follicles, one or several nurse cells may become disconnected from the other cells during oocyte growth at stage 9–10. Such disconnected cells cannot later on empty their cytoplasm into the oocyte. This, in turn, might be of consequence for the determination of axial polarity of the embryo.