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1.
奶牛精子尾部主段的中央结构为轴丝。在轴丝的外方有外周致密纤维。外周致密纤维由中段延伸而来。进入主段后,9条外周致密纤维逐一终止。最早终止的是第8条纤维。随后的终止顺序是第3、7、4、2、6、5、9、1条。因此,9条外周致密纤维中,最长的是第1条纤维,最短的是第8条纤维。9条纤维按长短顺序排列依次是第1、9、5、6、2、4、7、3、8条。根据外周致密纤维数量的多寡,可以将主段分为10个区域。从近中段端至近末段端,这10个区域依次是9条、8条、7条、6条、5条、4条、3条、2条、1条、0条纤维区域。外周致密纤维的外方有一纤维鞘。纤维鞘的背侧纵柱和腹侧纵柱分别向内伸出一个嵴。在主段的0条纤维区域,纤维鞘直接位于轴丝之外。在纤维鞘的外方还有精子的细胞质膜。 相似文献
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目的 观察长爪沙鼠精子的形态和结构。方法 应用光学显微镜、透射电镜和扫描电镜进行观察。结果与结论 长爪沙鼠精子由头、颈、尾三部分组成 ,全长为 ( 15 6 3 2± 6 61) μm ,头长为 ( 10 4 3± 2 12 ) μm ,颈、尾部长为 ( 14 5 89± 5 14 ) μm ,具典型的啮齿类动物的精子形态 ;长爪沙鼠精子的尾部轴丝是 9+ 2模式 ,轴丝外围有 9条大小、形态不一的外周致密纤维 ,外周致密纤维从主段到末端逐渐变细 ,并在主段的近末端处分 4批终止 ;主段的纤维鞘具有腹侧纵柱、背侧纵柱、内嵴等结构。在精子尾部的末段 ,外层仍保留有纤维鞘的结构 ,但无外周致密纤维 ,轴丝仍然为 9+ 2模式 相似文献
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家鸽(Columbadomestica)精子分为头部、颈部及尾部。尾部又区分为中段、主段及末段。头部呈圆柱形,主要被精细胞核占据,核的前面包绕顶体,后端连接颈部。颈部有两个中心粒,与头部相邻接的是与精子纵轴垂直的近侧中心粒,远侧中心粒形成基底体向后发出尾部的轴丝。轴丝的结构为9+2型。中段在轴丝之外有线粒体鞘包绕,最外面为质膜。主段和末段无线粒体鞘,轴丝之外直接被以质膜。 相似文献
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蓝尾石龙子精子的超微结构 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
蓝尾石龙子(Eumeces elegans)附睾以2.5%戊二醛和1%锇酸双重固定,按常规制作超薄切片,用H-600透射电镜研究观察精子的超微结构。精子由头部和尾组成,头部由顶体复合体和核组成,尾由颈段、中段、主段和末段组成。头部的顶体囊前部扁平,分为皮质和髓质,顶体下锥由类结晶状的顶体下物质组成,穿孔器顶端尖,、穿孔器基板塞子状,细胞核延长,核内小管缺,核伸展部前端具一电子透明区,核肩圆,核陷窝锥形。颈段具片层结构,近端中心粒和远端中心粒的长轴呈直角,9束外周致密纤维与远端中心粒相应的9束三联微管相联,向后与轴丝相应的9束双联微管相联,中央纤维与2个中央单微管相联。中段短,含有线状嵴的柱状线粒体,由连续的规则小卵状或小梯形致密体组成线粒体间的环状结构,纤维鞘伸入中段,终环紧贴于细胞膜的内表面。线粒体与环状结构的模式为:rs1/mi1,rs2/mi2,rs3/mi3,rs4/mi4,横切面上每圈线粒体数目为10个。主段前面部分具薄的细胞质颗粒区。纤维3和8至主段前端消失。轴丝复合体呈“9 2”型。蓝尾石龙子精子超微结构与已描述的石龙子科种类比较发现,与蜓蜥群和胎生群的石龙子相似;但没有发现石龙子科精子的独征。 相似文献
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中国石龙子成熟精子的超微结构 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
利用透射电镜观察中国石龙子附睾成熟精子的超微结构。顶体囊前部扁平、由皮质和髓质组成 ,穿孔器中度倾斜、顶端尖 ,穿孔器基板塞子状 ,细胞核长形 ,核内小管缺 ,核前电子透亮区小 ,核肩圆 ,核陷窝锥形。颈段具片层结构 ,近端中心粒和远端中心粒的长轴呈直角 ,9束外周致密纤维与远端中心粒相应的 9束三联微管相联 ,向后与轴丝相应的 9束双联微管相联 ,中央纤维与 2个中央单微管相联。中段短 ,多层膜结构缺 ,含有线状嵴的柱状线粒体 ,不规则卵状致密体组成不连续的环状结构 ,纤维鞘伸入中段 ,具终环。线粒体与环状结构的模式为 :rs1 /mi1 ,rs2 /mi2 ,rs3/mi3,rs4 /mi4。主段前面部分具薄的细胞质颗粒区。纤维 3和 8至主段前端消失。轴丝呈“9 2”型。中国石龙子精子超微结构具有塞子状的穿孔器基板、致密体形成不连续的环状结构和纤维鞘始于ms2等特征与巨石龙子群和蜓蜥 -胎生群不同。没有发现石龙子科精子的独征 相似文献
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应用透射电镜对北草蜥精子的超微结构研究结果表明,北草蜥精子头部顶体囊始终呈圆形,由皮质和髓质组成;顶体囊单侧脊的皮质与髓质问具电子透亮区;穿孔器1个,无穿孔器基板;具顶体下腔;细胞核长形,核内小管缺,核前电子透亮区缺,核肩圆。尾部颈段具片层结构。中段短,多层膜结构缺;纵切面上具2层线粒体;横切面上每圈线粒体6个;2组致密体,具连续的环状结构;线粒体与环状结构的排列模式:rs1/mi1、rs2/mi2;纤维鞘伸人中段,具终环。主段前面部分具薄的细胞质颗粒区;纤维3和8至主段前端消失;轴丝呈“9+2”型。蜥蜴科内不同种类的线粒体数目不同,但都具有2组致密体。不同类群蜥蜴的顶体囊、顶体下腔、核前电子透亮区、穿孔器基板、核肩,以及线粒体与致密体的数目和排列方式等精子超微结构特征都为研究蜥蜴的系统发生提供了辅助信息。 相似文献
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利用透射电镜研究多线南蜥和印度蜓蜥附睾精子的超微结构。两种卵胎生石龙子的精子具有一些有鳞类精子的共同特征,即具有顶体囊、顶体下锥、单个核前穿孔器和核喙,无核内管,纤维鞘伸入中段,与双联微管3和8相邻的外周致密纤维具双份纤维结构。多线南蜥和印度蜓蜥精子超微结构的种间差异主要表现在:多线南蜥精子核前方的顶体下锥电子密度较小,顶体囊具单侧嵴,横切面上可见非连续的致密体环或11个线粒体;印度蜓蜥无单侧嵴,横切面上可见连续的致密体环或12个线粒体。迄今未发现石龙子科精子的独征,但该科不同类群的顶体囊、顶体下腔、核前方的顶体下锥电子致密程度、核肩、纵切面线粒体与致密体的排列方式、横切面致密体环形状和线粒体等精子超微结构特征有一定程度的差异。这些差异可为研究石龙子科系统发生提供辅助信息。 相似文献
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3种人肿瘤坏死因子衍生物的研制 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文在详细分析肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)结构的基础上应用PCR技术和基因工程手段改造人TNF分子,构建了3种人TNF的衍生物。3种人TNF衍生物是;N端缺失7个氨基酸且8、9、10位的ProSerAsp改为ArgLysArg的TNF(简写为hTNFD1):C端157位Leu改为Phe的TNF(简写为hTNFD2);N端和C端同时作上述改变的TNF(简写为hTNFD3)。这3种衍生物在大肠杆菌中均获得较高表述,它们对L929细胞的细胞毒活性较重组天然人TNF有很大升高,尤其是hTNFD1和hTNFD3,升高达3个数量级。文中对3种衍生物活性升高的原因作了分析。 相似文献
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《基因组学与应用生物学》2016,(6)
钙离子结合酪氨酸磷酸化调节基因CABYR是一种与钙离子信号通路相关的基因,该基因具有两个编码区,编码产生一种高度多态性蛋白。CABYR蛋白定位于人精子鞭毛纤维鞘主段,与精子的能育力获得和鞭毛纤维鞘形成紧密相关。CABYR在睾丸组织和多种肿瘤组织中高表达,正常组织中不表达或低表达,并能引起特异性体液免疫反应,被鉴定为一种与肺癌相关的的CT抗原。CABYR的表达水平对肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和多种抗肿瘤药物敏感性起重要作用。CABYR在肿瘤免疫治疗、抗肿瘤药物筛选以及法医物证中精液斑的检验鉴定具有潜在应用价值。 相似文献
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Kevin M. Gribbins Katherine F. Touzinsky Dustin S. Siegel Katherine J. Venable Georgia L Hester Ruth M. Elsey 《Journal of morphology》2011,272(11):1281-1289
This study details the ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of the American Alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. American Alligator spermatozoa are filiform and slightly curved. The acrosome is tapered at its anterior end and surrounded by the acrosome vesicle and an underlying subacrosomal cone, which rests just cephalic to the nuclear rostrum. One endonuclear canal extends from the subacrosomal cone through the rostral nucleus and deep into the nuclear body. The neck region separates the nucleus and midpiece and houses the proximal centriole and pericentriolar material. The distal centriole extends through the midpiece and has 9 × 3 sets of peripheral microtubules with a central doublet pair within the axoneme that is surrounded by a dense sheath. The midpiece is composed of seven to nine rings of mitochondria, which have combinations of concentrically and septate cristae. The principal piece has a dense fibrous sheath that surrounds an axoneme with a 9 + 2 microtubule arrangement. The sheath becomes significantly reduced in size caudally within the principal piece and is completely missing from the endpiece. Dense peripheral fibers, especially those associated with microtubule doublets 3 and 8, penetrate into the anterior portion of the principal piece axoneme. The data reported here hypothesize that sperm morphology is highly conserved in Crocodylia; however, specific morphological differences can exist between species. J. Morphol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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大黄鱼精子的超微结构 总被引:44,自引:1,他引:43
大黄鱼的精子由头产和尾部两部分组成。头部结构较为独特,其腹侧有一较大的细胞核,背部有中心粒复合体。头部的后端是袖套。细胞核的腹面稍向外突出背面则稍向内凹。细胞核中的染以质浓缩成致密的团块状。团块状的染色质之间分布着松散的纤维状染色质。植入窝位于细胞核的背部表面,由细胞核背面向内凹陷而成,呈一沟状,其走向与精子的长轴平行。 相似文献
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O. Al-Dokhi Ahmed Mukhtar A. Al-Dosary M.K. Al-Sadoon 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2015,22(4):448-452
Diplometopon zarudnyi, a worm lizard belongs to amphisbaenia under trogonophidae family. This species exists in limited areas of the Arabian Peninsula and is an oscillating digger found in sub-surface soils. The present study aimed to investigate the sperm tail differentiation in D. zarudnyi. Ten male adults of D. zarudnyi were collected from Riyadh during April–May 2011. To study the sperm tail at the ultrastructural level the testes were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde, than post fixed in 1% osmium tetaroxide followed by dehydration in ethanol grades; samples were cleared in propylene oxide and embedded in resin. Tail formation begins by the moving of centrioles and mitochondria towards the posterior pole of sperm head. Simultaneously many microtubules of the midpiece axoneme were enclosed by a thick layer of granular material. Mitochondria of midpiece lie alongside the proximal centriole which forms a very short neck region and possess tubular cristae internally and concentric layers of cristae superficially. During this course a fibrous sheath surrounds the axoneme of mid and principal piece. At the end dissolution of longitudinal manchette takes place. The mitochondria then rearrange themselves around the proximal and distal centrioles to form a neck region. Later, the fibrous sheath surrounds the proximal portion of the flagella. This part along with sperm head of D. zarudnyi provides a classical model that could be used in future for evolutionary and phylogenetic purposes of class reptilia. 相似文献
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The changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of sperm tail in golden hamster eggs fertilized in vivo were observed by electron microscopy. Eggs were obtained from oviducts of hamsters that had been superovulated and inseminated by injection of cauda epididymal spermatozoa into the uteri. In the egg cytoplasm 10 hours after insemination, some of the mitochondria of the spermatozoon midpiece had begun to swell, and a number of multivesicular bodies were observed surrounding the midpiece. The fibrous sheath of the principal piece quickly disappeared prior to the first cleavage, whereas the axoneme and outer dense fibers were unaltered. During the two-cell stage, numerous multivesicular bodies gathered around the midpiece and fused with the mitochondria. The heterophagic vacuoles thus formed then gradually separated from the axial fibers. The outer dense fibers were disarranged and partially torn into small segments; then they seemed to dissociate into substructural granular components. The axonemal microtubules had begun to swell but were still present in the two blastomeres. It is indicated from these observations that at least the mitochondria of the tail constituents carried into the oocyte are digested into small molecular elements by the multivesicular bodies and are possibly distributed as nutrients for the blastomeres during the early stage of development. 相似文献
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Expression of cathepsin H in differentiating rat spermatids: immunoelectron microscopic study 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The expression of cathepsin H (CH) in differentiating rat spermatids was studied by an immunoelectron microscopic technique. Cathepsin H was detected in the acrosome throughout differentiation steps but cathepsins B, D, and L and lysosomal membrane protein (LGP107) were not. Early in the formation of the acrosome, CH signals were observed in Golgi vesicles but not in acrosomal vesicles. At steps 3–4, CH signals were associated with a fibrous material attached to the inner surface of the vesicle membrane on the Golgi side. At steps 5–6, this fibrous material accumulated to form an electron-dense sheet to which CH signals were confined. The rest of the acrosome was negative for the enzyme. At steps 11–12, the CH-positive fibrous sheet expanded from the apical to the ventral side of the sperm head. After step 16, the surface of outer dense fibers in the flagellar axoneme and reticulated bodies were stained for CH. In epididymal sperm, CH signals were detected in the acrosome as well as on the surface of the outer dense fibers running from the middle to the principal piece. By immunofluorescence staining, CH was found to be localized to the acrosome, middle piece, and principal piece. 相似文献