苯二氮卓类化合物的促食欲过盛作用

摄食是生命体赖以生存的基础生理活动,研究表明苯二氮卓类化合物可以通过增强食物的美味感而促进动物摄食。苯二氮卓受体是GABA_A受体复合物的一部分,苯二氮卓类激动剂能在GABA_A受体激活反应中,促进Cl-离子通道的开放和内流,从而调节脑内的抑制性神经传递。本文介绍了苯二氮卓类化合物的分类、促食欲过盛的药理学作用和脑内作用位点,了解苯二氮卓类化合物促食欲过盛的作用机制将为各种疾病引起的食欲减退病人提供治疗的理论依据。     

苯二氮和γ-氨基丁酸A/苯二氮/氯离子通道受体复合物

动植物体内广泛存在微量苯二氮(艹卓),其来源和生物学作用尚有待探讨。苯二氮(艹卓)受体可调控γ-氨基丁酸受体控制的Cl~-通道开放,从而改变跨膜Cl~-电流并影响膜电位,导致神经系统某些功能改变。苯二氮(艹卓)及其受体复合物与肝性脑病的发病机制及治疗有密切关系。     

胆囊收缩素能引起焦虑行为

最初人们观察到8肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)能增加大鼠海马锥体细胞神经元放电,该作用可被苯二氮(艹卓)类抗焦虑药所抑制,因而推测苯二氮革类抑制CCK对神经元的兴奋作用可能是它抗焦虑作用的一个环节。换言之,激动CCK受体有可能引起焦虑行为。经过10年来的研究已初步确证CCK能造成焦虑,但该效应是     

延胡索的药理研究——ⅩⅢ.延胡索乙素对动物成瘾性的试验

延胡索乙素(以下简称乙素,它的左旋体即为颅通定)的镇痛效能和镇静、催眠作用,已为药理试验和临床使用所证实,并认为它的作用与吗啡和巴比妥类的作用有所不同。已知麻醉性镇痛剂均能产生成瘾性;镇静催眠剂,如巴比妥、眠而通长期大剂量服用后,突然停药也会出现惊厥或死亡。那么,乙素是否有这些症状急     

中枢型苯二氮受体研究

一、选题的由来苯二氮(艹卓)类(benzodiazepines,BZs)药物的研究始于50年代中期。由于其安全指数大、副作用小,现已成为处方频率最高的药物之一。据Tallman等的报道,美国10%的处方使用了该类药物,全年销售量高达8 000吨。自第一个BZs药物利眠宁于1960年用于     

三唑苯二氮可影响哺乳动物的生物钟

最近的研究表明,短效苯二氮(艹卓)类药物三唑苯二氮(艹卓)(triazolam)可影响啮齿动物的生物钟。这项研究是以金色仓鼠为对象进行的,并以其踏轮运动(代表运动活性)节律作为指标。研究者发现,单次腹腔注射triazolam即可使失去环境明暗周期变化而处于自由运转状态的仓鼠运动节律发生明显相移,并有量效关系,相移的方向和大小取决于给药时所处的相位。大剂量反复给药可引起耐受,耐受速度与剂量也有量效关系。据研究,此作用可能通过位于腹侧膝状核内膝体小叶到下丘脑视交叉上核的上行通路中的苯二氮(艹卓)-GABA受体复合体介导。实验还表明,选择适当相位每日周期性给药,可使自由运转的生物节律周期由24.1h分别变为23.33h,     

霉菌毒素 Dihydroxyaflavinine 非竞争性抑制在爪蟾卵母细胞内表达的 GABA_A 受体通道

Dihydroxyaflavinine 是黄曲霉菌(Aspergillus flavus)的吲哚类代谢物。我们将鸡脑mRNA 注入爪蟾卵母细胞表达得到 GABA_A 受体通道,然后用电压箝记录方法定量研究了dihydroxyaflavinine 对 GABA 电流反应的作用。Dihydroxyaflavinine 非竞争性阻断GABA 电流反应(K_I=12μmol/L),撤药后反应迅速恢复。作为比较,青霉素对 GABA_A受体的抑制作用随 GABA 浓度的升高而增加。浓度高达1μmol/L 苯二氮(艹卓)位点配体 Ro 15-1788(KD=0.6—2nmol/L)不能阻断10μmol/L dihydroxyaflavinine 的作用,说明 dihy-droxyaflavinine 不作用于 GABA_A 受体的苯二氮(艹卓)位点。Dihydroxyaflavinine 类似印防已毒素,表观上加速 GABA_A 受体的脱敏过程,而青霉素和荷包牡丹碱与此相反。     

复方安神精油吸入给药的镇静催眠作用及化学成分的GC-MS分析

为研究复方安神精油吸入给药的镇静催眠作用,本实验采用动物自主活动测试和戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠潜伏期与睡眠时间实验:GC-MS分析复方安神精油的挥发性化学成分与入脑的主要化学成分;基于网络药理学预测和筛选出治疗失眠症相关靶蛋白与活性成分,旨在为复方安神精油治疗与改善失眠症提供理论依据。研究发现,复方安神精油具有镇静催眠作用,可显著减少动物自主活动,缩短睡眠潜伏期,延长睡眠时间;复方安神精油主要化学成分与入脑主要化学成分中含有多种具有神经中枢镇静催眠作用以及抗焦虑、抗抑郁作用的化学成分;基于网络药理学预测和筛选出25个治疗失眠症相关活性成分作用于39个治疗失眠症相关作用靶点,体现复方安神精油多成分、多靶点发挥镇静催眠作用的特点。     

苍白球γ-氨基丁酸能神经传递及其与神经系统疾病的关系

苍白球是基底神经节间接环路的重要核团,在机体运动功能调节中发挥重要作用。近年来,苍白球在基底神经节正常及异常功能调节中的重要性已日渐受到重视。然而,目前对苍白球内各种神经递质系统的功能活动了解较少。GABA是苍白球主要的神经递质。采用电生理记录、免疫组织化学及行为测试等实验方法,人们对大鼠苍白球GABA能神经传递系统的受体分布及功能活动有了新的认识。形态学研究揭示,苍白球存在GABAA受体及其苯二氮卓结合位点和GABAB受体。在亚细胞水平,GABAA受体主要位于对称性突触(GABA能突触)的突触后膜,而GABAB受体则位于对称性突触和非对称性突触(兴奋性突触)的突触前膜及突触后膜。功能学研究进一步揭示,激活苍白球突触前膜GABAB自身和异源性受体可分别减少GABA和谷氨酸释放;激活突触后膜GABAB受体,可引起苍白球神经元超极化。除GABAB受体外,激活苍白球GABAA受体苯二氮卓结合位点及阻断GABA重摄取可延长GABA电流持续时间,从而改变苍白球神经元兴奋性。与离体实验结果相一致,激活苍向球GABAB受体和苯二氮卓结合位点及阻断GABA重摄取可引起整体动物旋转行为。苍白球GABA神经递质系统与帕金森病病因学及癫痫发病有关。已证实,苍白球神经元放电频率的降低及簇状放电的产生与帕金森病运动减少及静止性震颤等症状直接相关。此外,电牛理及行为学实验发现,新型抗癫痫药物替加平可调节苍白球神经元功能活动．这为进一步了解苍白球与癫痫发病的关系提供了新的理论及实验依据。     

PRAX-1蛋白主要结构和功能的研究进展

本文就外周型苯二氮卓类受体（Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor,PBR）的相关蛋白PRAX-1的主要结构和功能进行论述,为细胞凋亡研究和抗抑郁治疗提供一个新的思路。     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。