RNA干扰NF-κB p65对缺血再灌注损伤鼠肺NF-κB和TNF-α的影响

为了研究RNA干扰NF-κBp65对鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤肺组织中NF-κB、TNF-α表达的影响,并探讨减轻鼠肺损伤的保护机制。本研究构建了体外靶向NF-κBp65的短发夹RNA (short hairpin RNA, shRNA)重组表达载体,并采用QPCR检测NF-κBp65的沉默结果。供试的16只SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组4只、缺血再灌注+生理盐水组4只,缺血再灌注+NF-κBp65 sh RNA组4只,缺血再灌注+空载组4只,假手术组无缺血再灌注损伤,开胸游离左肺门180 min,缺血再灌注+生理盐水组左肺门阻断前术前24 h给予生理盐水处理,开胸游离左肺门,左肺缺血60 min,再灌注120 min,缺血再灌注+NF-κBp65 shRNA组左肺门阻断前术前24 h滴鼻给予NF-κB shRNA腺病毒(1×1010pfu, 100μL/只),开胸游离左肺门,左肺缺血60 min,再灌注120 min,缺血再灌注+空载组左肺门阻断前术前24 h滴鼻给予空载shRNA腺病毒(1×10~(10)pfu, 100μL/只),开胸游离左肺门,左肺缺血60 min,再灌注120 min。实验结束后每组分别留取左肺组织,留取左肺上叶肺组织测定肺湿/干重比(W/D),部分肺组织光镜下观察病理变化,ELISA法测量NF-κB和TNF-α的表达含量。研究结果表明:成功构建重组NF-κBp65载体,并获得稳定转染的NF-κBp65 shRNA细胞,与转染空载体的阴性对照组(negative control, NC)比较,NF-κBp65 sh RNA能明显使NF-κBp65基因沉默(p0.05),肺组织NF-κB、TNF-α的表达量及W/D值与假手术组比较,缺血再灌注+生理盐水组和缺血再灌注+空载组有明显升高(p0.05);而与缺血再和灌注+生理盐水组和缺血再灌注+空载组比较,缺血再灌注+NF-κBp65 shRNA组明显降低(p0.05),病理学检查表明:假手术组肺组织无明显的炎症损伤;缺血再灌注+NF-κBp65 shRNA组肺炎性损伤较缺血再灌注+生理盐水组和缺血再灌注+空载组明显减轻。本研究结果初步说明,RNA干扰NF-κBp65能明显减轻早期肺移植损伤,其机制可能与抑制NF-κB和TNF-α的表达从而减轻肺组织炎症损伤有关。     

褪黑素对PM 2.5暴露大鼠肺部炎症反应和氧化应激的影响

为探讨褪黑素对大气细颗粒物(PM 2.5)暴露大鼠肺部炎症反应和氧化应激的影响及其机制,本实验将48只清洁级SD大鼠随机(随机数字法)分成4组:空白对照组、NS对照组、PM 2.5组及褪黑素(MT)组,通过气管向肺内注入PM 2.5悬液构建大鼠肺组织PM 2.5染毒模型,并通过灌胃MT溶液,采用肺组织HE染色、ELISA法及蛋白印迹等方法分别检测肺组织病理改变、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1、MPO、SOD及MDA表达以及NF-κBp65蛋白表达。结果显示:(1)与空白对照组及NS对照组比较,PM 2.5组大鼠肺组织出现明显损伤改变,MT组大鼠肺组织损伤较PM 2.5组明显减轻;(2)PM 2.5组大鼠肺组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1表达出现明显增加(p0.05),MT组较PM 2.5组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1表达明显下降(p0.05);(3)PM 2.5组大鼠肺组织SOD表达较空白对照组及NS对照组明显下降(p0.05),而MPO及MDA表达明显增加(p0.05),而与PM 2.5组比较,MT组大鼠肺组织SOD表达出现增加,MPO及MDA表达下降(p0.05);(4)PM 2.5组P65蛋白表达出现明显上调(p0.05),而MT组较PM 2.5组P65蛋白表达出现明显下降(p0.05)。由此得出结论,PM 2.5能通过介导肺组织炎性反应及氧化应激导致肺组织损伤,且与活化NF-κB相关,褪黑素能显著抑制PM 2.5所致NF-κB活化,减轻炎性反应及氧化应激,改善PM 2.5暴露大鼠肺损伤。     

美洛昔康对Aβ诱导Alzheimer’s disease大鼠脑内炎症损伤的影响

目的：研究美洛昔康对β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）诱导的阿尔茨海默病（AD）模型大鼠脑内炎症损伤的保护作用,并探讨其抑制炎症作用的机制。方法：Aβ1-40海马注射建立AD大鼠模型。免疫组化法观察大鼠海马核因子κBp65（NF-κBp65）和星形胶质细胞（AS）胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达变化;Western-blot法测定大鼠皮层组织GFAP的表达;ELISA法检测大鼠皮层组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平变化;RT-PCR法检测大鼠海马组织白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）mRNA的表达情况。结果：美洛昔康能抑制AD大鼠海马NF-κBp65和GFAP的表达;降低大鼠皮层TNF-α的含量;抑制AD大鼠海马IL-1βmRNA的表达。结论：美洛昔康通过减少AD模型大鼠海马、皮层组织GFAP表达,抑制AS的增生,降低NF-κBp65的活性,减少炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β的水平,减轻脑内炎症反应。     

普洱茶提取物对单纯性肥胖大鼠MC4R基因表达的影响

为观察普洱茶提取物对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠脂肪组织中黑皮素受体-4(MC4R)基因表达的影响,进一步探讨普洱茶抗肥胖的相关机制,本试验将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂饲料组、高脂饲料+普洱茶提取物干预组,构建单纯性肥胖模型。每周测量大鼠体重,3个月试验结束后测量大鼠终末体重、脂肪组织重量,检测甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)等血脂水平。提取大鼠附睾脂肪组织,采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹试验(Western blot)检测肥胖相关基因MC4R mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果显示:普洱茶能显著减轻高脂饮食大鼠体重和脂肪组织重量,降低体脂比,并降低各项血脂水平;普洱茶提取物能显著上调MC4R基因和蛋白的表达。这表明普洱茶提取物具有减肥降脂作用,其分子机制可能与上调肥胖重要调节因子MC4R有关。     

血红素加氧酶-1对急性重症胰腺炎相关肺损伤TLR4/NF-κB通路的影响

目的:探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)对急性重症胰腺炎相关肺损伤(PALI)Toll样受体-4(TLR4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号传导通路的影响。方法:32只SD大鼠随机分为Sham组、PALI组、HO-1促进剂组、HO-1抑制剂组,每组8只。PALI组经胆胰管注入牛磺胆酸钠制备急性重症胰腺炎(ANP)动物模型。Sham组胆胰管内不注入牛磺胆酸钠,其余操作同PALI组。HO-1促进剂组于造模后30 min经腹腔注射牛血晶素75μg/kg;HO-1抑制剂组于造模后30 min经腹腔注射锌-原卟啉20μmol/kg。PALI组和Sham组均于造模后30 min经腹腔注射等量生理盐水。各组大鼠术后24 h,进行肺损伤学评分,统计肺湿/干重比值。检测大鼠术后24 h血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL水平。检测大鼠术后24 h肺组织中TLR4、NF-κB p65蛋白表达。结果:PALI组肺损伤学评分、肺湿/干重比值、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL、TLR4、NF-κB p65明显高于Sham组;HO-1促进剂组肺损伤学评分、肺湿/干重比值、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL、TLR4、NF-κB p65明显低于PALI组;HO-1抑制剂组肺损伤学评分、肺湿/干重比值、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL、TLR4、NF-κBp65明显高于PALI组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HO-1能够通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的激活,下调TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL等炎症因子的释放,从而发挥减轻急性重症胰腺炎相关肺损伤的作用。     

miRNA-9-5p与NF-κB信号通路在2型糖尿病肾病发病中的作用机制

目的:探讨mi RNA-9-5p与NF-κB信号通路在2型糖尿病肾病发病中的作用机制。方法:将80只db/db小鼠随机分为糖尿病肾病组、糖尿病肾病+罗格列酮组、糖尿病肾病+mi RNA-9-5p组、糖尿病肾病+阴性对照组,每组20只,分别给予生理盐水、噻唑烷二酮类抗糖尿病药马来酸罗格列酮、mi RNA-9-5p、mi RNA-9-5p阴性对照核酸,10μg/d腹腔注射。另将20只健康db/m小鼠作为对照组。观察各组空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后血糖(PBG)、肾脏指数、24h尿量、肾脏组织变化,检测血清NF-κB信号通路关键因子单核细胞趋化因子蛋白-1(MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6),及肾脏组织NF-κB m RNA、NF-κB p65蛋白水平。结果:糖尿病肾病组FBG、PBG、24 h尿量均高于对照组,肾脏指数低于对照组(P0.05)。糖尿病肾病+罗格列酮组和糖尿病肾病+mi RNA-9-5p组小鼠FBG、PBG、24 h尿量低于糖尿病肾病组,肾脏指数高于糖尿病肾病组(P0.05)。糖尿病肾病组小鼠血清MCP-1、TNF-α、IL-6水平,肾脏组织NF-κB m RNA、NF-κB p65蛋白水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。糖尿病肾病+罗格列酮组和糖尿病肾病+mi RNA-9-5p组血清MCP-1、TNF-α、IL-6水平,肾脏组织NF-κB m RNA、NF-κB p65蛋白水平低于糖尿病肾病组(P0.05)。结论:NF-κB在糖尿病肾病发病中起到重要作用,mi RNA-9-5p可以阻断NF-κB信号通路,下调MCP-1、TNF-α、IL-6的表达,抑制糖尿病肾病的发生和发展。     

高脂喂养大鼠肝脏的NF-κBp65表达与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的探讨高脂饲料喂养大鼠肝脏NF-κBp65蛋白的表达与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法采用高脂饲料喂养建立胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型,并用正常血糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术评估。应用Western blotting方法检测大鼠肝脏中NF-κBp65蛋白的表达。结果①高脂饲料组大鼠的葡萄糖输注率明显低于基础饲料组[GIR60~120（0.76±0.28vs4.26±0.70）mg/（kg.min）,P〈0.01]。②高脂饲料组大鼠肝脏NF-κBp65蛋白的表达明显高于基础饲料组（A值118.48±1.45vs68.13±4.84,P〈0.01）。③高脂胰岛素抵抗大鼠肝脏NF-κBp65蛋白表达与GIR60-120（r=-0.993,P=0.000）和ISI（r=-0.773,P=0.009）负相关。结论高脂诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠肝脏NF-κB的激活可能是产生肝脏和全身胰岛素抵抗的根源。     

CREB 和NF-κB在p38MAPK所致脊髓星形胶质细胞活化中的作用

目的:探讨CREB和NF-κB在p38MAPK所致脊髓星形胶质细胞活化中的作用,明确脊髓星形胶质细胞活化中p38MAPK细胞信号转导途径的作用。方法:分离培养SPF大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞,设正常组、SP刺激组(SP组,10-7mol/L)、SP刺激+SB203580(10μmol/L)阻断p38MAPK组(SP+SB组)、SP刺激+PD98059(10μmol/L)阻断CREB组(SP+PD组)、SP刺激+SN50(10μmol/L)阻断NF-κB(SP+SN组)。WB法、免疫荧光法、ELISA法检测12 h和24 h时p-p38、p-CREB、NF-κBp65水平及GFAP、TNF-、IL-1β水平变化。结果:SP组脊髓星形胶质细胞p-p38、p-CREB、NF-κBp65显著升高,GFAP水平显著增高,同时TNF-和IL-1β水平显著增高。与SP组比较,用SB203580阻断p38MAPK通路后,SP+SB组p-p38、p-CREB、NF-κBp65显著降低,GFAP、TNF-和IL-1β水平显著降低。用PD98059阻断CREB通路后,SP+PD组p-p38、NF-κBp65无显著变化,p-CREB显著降...     

基于LIN28A/NF-κB信号通路研究狗肝菜多糖缓解肝纤维化的作用机制

探讨狗肝菜多糖(DCP)通过LIN28A/NF-κB信号通路改善大鼠肝纤维化(HF)。将60只雄性SD大鼠以每组10只,随机分成正常组、模型组、秋水仙素组和DCP低中高剂量(50、100、200 mg/kg)组。通过每周进行腹腔注射40%的四氯化碳(CCl 4)橄榄油溶液(1 mL/kg)2次,建立HF大鼠模型,正常组按照相同剂量注射橄榄油;每日根据体重给予秋水仙素组和DCP低中高剂量组大鼠相应的药物进行治疗,正常组与模型组大鼠按照相同计算方式灌胃蒸馏水,造模与治疗过程持续6周。实验终点,使用HE染色和Masson染色观察和评价大鼠肝脏组织病变程度;使用ELISA法检测大鼠血清中HA、LN、PC III、IV-C含量和肝脏组织中炎症因子(IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α)水平;使用PCR和Western blot检测和分析大鼠肝脏组织中α-SMA、TGF-β1、LIN28A、NF-κBp65、MMP9、COX-2、iNOS的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果显示,秋水仙素和各剂量的DCP均可以降低大鼠血清中HA、LN、PC III和IV-C含量,且DCP高剂量组效果明显;病理结果显示,与模型组相比DCP组和秋水仙素组可以明显缓解大鼠肝脏的病变程度;肝脏组织中的α-SMA、TGF-β1、LIN28A、NF-κBp65、MMP9、COX-2和iNOS的表达均有不同程度的下降。综上所述,DCP对大鼠HF具有明显改善作用,其机制与抑制NF-κBp65蛋白表达,减少下游炎症因子的释放而发挥抗HF作用。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.