喘息的"度"与支气管哮喘阶梯治疗

目的:探讨掌握喘息"度"与支气管哮喘阶梯治疗的关系。方法:充分掌握支气管哮喘分级治疗方案和支气管哮喘病情,将喘息"度"细致化,与分级治疗用药"度"密切结合起来,对于完全理想的控制哮喘将会起到极大的指导作用,对于升阶梯和降阶梯治疗都会起到重要而细致的指导作用。必须将平喘治疗措施置于患者全身病情变化及总体治疗之下,会取得更加理想的哮喘控制效果。而强化支气管哮喘患者教育在支气管哮喘理想治疗中占据极为重要的地位,甚至直接关系到哮喘控制的持久性和稳定性。应得到高度重视。结果:喘息"度"与支气管哮喘的发作程度密切相关,准确把握并分级十分重要。结论:准确把握喘息"度"并与支气管哮喘分级治疗方法结合,将对稳定平息支气管哮喘起到意想不到的效果。     

慢性持续期哮喘患者自我效能水平及相关因素分析

目的:探讨慢性持续期哮喘患者的自我效能水平及其相关因素。方法:采用一般资料调查表、自我效能量表、社会支持量表(SSRS)、综合性医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)等,对我院2009年3月至2011年6月呼吸科门诊随诊的79例慢性持续期哮喘患者进行调查。结果:所有患者的平均自我效能总分为(57.15±9.03)分。患者自我效能水平与病程、经济状况、吸烟情况、发作次数及发作程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:慢性持续期哮喘患者自我效能水平有不同程度的降低,哮喘发作次数、焦虑抑郁情绪以及社会支持水平是影响患者自我效能水平的主要因素。     

支气管哮喘患儿病情控制的影响因素及其家长知信行问卷调查分析

摘要 目的：调查支气管哮喘患儿家长知信行情况,并分析支气管哮喘患儿病情控制的影响因素。方法：于2016年7月~2020年7月期间,选取我院收治的500例支气管哮喘患儿及其家长作为研究对象。患儿家长知信行情况采用《哮喘患儿家长知信行问卷》调查。患儿近4周的病情控制水平参照《诸福棠实用儿科学(第8版)》中的相关标准进行确定,病情控制水平包括良好控制、部分控制和未控制。将良好控制、部分控制的患儿纳为哮喘控制组,将未控制的患儿纳为哮喘未控制组。采用本院自制的调查量表调查患儿及其家长的信息,分析支气管哮喘患儿病情控制的影响因素。结果：支气管哮喘儿童家长知信行情况不容乐观。支气管哮喘患儿病情控制率为38.06%（187/491）。单因素分析结果表明,支气管哮喘患儿病情控制与家庭人均月收入、患儿个人过敏史、家长受教育程度、哮喘家族史、是否坚持长期用药、是否定期复诊有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,家长受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、患儿个人过敏史、哮喘家族史、是否坚持长期用药、是否定期复诊均是支气管哮喘患儿病情控制的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：本研究中支气管哮喘患儿病情控制水平一般,且支气管哮喘儿童家长知信行情况不容乐观,其中家长受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、患儿个人过敏史等均是支气管哮喘患儿病情控制的影响因素,临床中应结合相关因素进行针对性的干预或治疗,以期实现对支气管哮喘患儿病情的良好控制。     

母牛分枝杆菌联合沙丁胺醇治疗支气管哮喘患者的临床研究

目的:评价母牛分枝杆菌(微卡)辅助治疗支气管哮喘的有效性与安全性.方法:选取门诊哮喘患者30例,均在初诊时及治疗4周后详细记录其哮喘发作次数、临床症状体征积分、FEV1、FEVI%、PEF,雾化吸入沙丁胺醇控制哮喘急性发作,评价母牛分支杆菌疗效.结果:治疗前后相比,患者哮喘发作次数有显著性差异(P<0.01),临床评分有显著性差异(P<0.01).治疗前后肺通气功能比较,FVC治疗前后无显著性差异(P>0.05)、FEV1治疗前后无显著性差异(P>0.05)、FEV1%治疗前后无显著性差异(P>0.05),而PEF有显著性差异(P<0.01).受试者中1例发热,余无不良事件发生.结论:母牛分枝杆菌菌苗联合沙丁胺醇对哮喘患者有较好的疗效,且安全性良好.     

支气管哮喘患者疾病认知状况调查及控制水平的影响因素分析

目的:调查支气管哮喘患者疾病认知状况,并分析控制水平的影响因素。方法:选取2018年7月~2020年7月期间贵州医科大学附属医院诊治的支气管哮喘患者100例,采用面对面问卷调查的方式调查所有患者疾病认知状况。采用哮喘控制测试(ACT)对患者哮喘控制水平进行评估。根据ACT结果将患者分为哮喘未控制组(n=57)和哮喘控制组(n=43)。分析哮喘控制水平的影响因素。结果:支气管哮喘患者对疾病认知相关问题的回答正确率均在60%以上,但仅有12%的患者使用过峰流速仪。本研究中100例患者均完成ACT,其中完全控制17例,控制良好26例,未控制57例,分别占比17.00%、26.00%、57.00%,哮喘控制率为43.00%。由单因素分析显示,支气管哮喘患者的哮喘控制水平与性别、家庭月收入、文化程度、家族史、吸烟史、居住处是否空气污染、病程、哮喘用药依从性、使用吸入性糖皮质激素治疗、抑郁情况、焦虑情况有关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:焦虑情况、抑郁情况、居住处空气污染、吸烟史是支气管哮喘患者哮喘控制水平的危险因素,而哮喘用药依从性、使用吸入性糖皮质激素治疗是支气管哮喘患者哮喘控制水平的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:支气管哮喘患者对疾病有一定的正确认知,但仍未达到理想状态。哮喘控制水平受多种因素影响,可根据相关影响因素做出针对性的干预措施,以改善支气管哮喘控制水平。     

青岛地区变应性鼻炎患者合并哮喘的流行病学调查研究

目的:调查青岛地区变应性鼻炎患者合并哮喘的患病率及相关因素。方法:设计"青岛地区变应性鼻炎问卷调查表"。采用多阶段抽样及整群抽样的方法,调查青岛地区常住(5年及5年以上)居民,年龄在5-70岁,均无高血压、糖尿病、风湿性疾病及精神障碍性疾病的居民。共调查人数为2052人:调查分三个阶段:问卷调查阶段、根据问卷结果筛选AR可疑对象、对AR可疑对象进行专科检查及变应原皮肤点刺试验以确诊。对结果进行统计学处理。结果:发放问卷总数为2400份,有效问卷为2052份,有效率为85.5%,青岛地区5-70岁居民AR患者248例,其中20例合并支气管哮喘,AR患者合并哮喘的患病率为8.06%,其中男7.14%,女9.26%,男女AR患者合并哮喘的患病率差异无统计学意义(X2=0.36 P>0.05)。结论:青岛地区变应性鼻炎患者合并哮喘的患病率为8.06%,初步了解青岛地区人群中变应性鼻炎合并哮喘的现状,为临床医生对其综合治疗并制定合理有效的治疗方案提供理论基础。     

新疆地区哮喘专病门诊在规范化治疗中的重要性调查

目的:探讨哮喘专病门诊在哮喘规范化治疗和管理中的重要性。方法:随机选取于2013年7月至2013年12月新疆自治区人民医院哮喘专病门诊就诊的患者,其中初诊患者84例,复诊患者96例,合计180例。由经过培训的医师采用问卷调查的形式针对哮喘患者在疾病控制、管理和用药,以及对该病的认知程度等方面进行调查,比较初诊患者和复诊患者在哮喘的控制情况、管理情况、用药情况以及对哮喘的认知程度等方面的差异性,采用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计学分析。结果:1.哮喘控制方面,初诊和复诊患者在过去一年中的急诊就医比例(40.5%vs 21.9%)、住院比例(14.3%vs 10.4%)、需要使用急救药物比例(66.7%vs 29.2%),初诊患者均较复诊患者高,其中需要急诊就医和需要急救药物这两方面初诊与复诊相比有显著性差异(P0.01),但在住院比例两者间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);初诊和复诊患者的哮喘控制测试评分分别为15.46±5.2,20.23±5.12(P0.01)。根据评分,初诊和复诊患者达到哮喘完全控制的比例为(5.4%vs 28.6%)、良好控制的比例为(14.3%vs 47.8%),未控制的比例为(80.3%vs 23.6%),复诊患者均明显高于初诊患者(P0.01)。2.哮喘管理方面,初诊和复诊患者在过去一年内测定过肺功能的比例为(20.2%vs 93.7%)、初诊患者无人使用峰流速仪,复诊患者的比例为17.8%,复诊患者均明显高于初诊患者,两者有明显的统计学差异(P0.01)。此外,复诊患者3月内至少一次随访的比例明显高于初诊患者,15.3%的初诊患者3月内前往呼吸科门诊至少就诊一次,而复诊患者则为64.2%(P0.05)。3.哮喘治疗方面,仅48.9%的初诊患者使用过吸入性糖皮质激素(inhaled corticosteroids,ICS),而复诊患者中使用的比例高达91.7%(P0.01)。4.哮喘认知方面,认为哮喘是气道炎症性疾病,初诊与复诊比例(19%vs91.7%),ICS是长期控制药物初诊与复诊比例(38.1%vs 92.7%),两者相比有着显著性差异(P0.0001),在对哮喘疾病的认知方面复诊患者明显优于初诊患者。结论:复诊患者无论在哮喘的控制、管理和用药方面,还是对疾病的认知方面均明显优于初诊患者,这提示哮喘专病门诊的设立有利于对哮喘患者的治疗和管理,有必要加强对呼吸科医师哮喘知识的再培训,推广哮喘专病门诊,同时有必要加强对哮喘患者的健康教育。     

“知信行”模式对老年糖尿病患者睡眠质量的改善作用

目的:调查老年糖尿病患者的睡眠质量,探讨"知信行"管理模式对糖尿病患者睡眠障碍的改善作用。方法:选取100例糖尿病患者,随机分为管理组和对照组,每组50例。管理组患者采用"知信行"管理模式进行护理,对照组患者采用常规基础护理模式。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量评估量表(PSQI)评价患者的睡眠质量,Piper疲劳量表(PFS)评估患者的疲劳程度。结果:护理干预前,两组患者的睡眠质量评分与疲劳程度评分无显著性差异(P0.05)。接受不同护理干预后,两组患者的睡眠质量评分与疲劳程度评分均降低,且管理组评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:"知信行"护理管理模式对老年糖尿病患者的睡眠障碍具有一定的改善作用,有助于降低患者的疲劳程度,值得临床护理推广。     

浅谈支气管哮喘患者的控制情况和对疾病的认识

了解门诊就诊的支气管哮喘患者的病情控制和对该病的认识。方法 :选择我院2011年3月~2013年3月来我院门诊就诊的支气管哮喘的患者83例进行分析。结果:83例患者的平均年龄在45±19岁,平均病程在9±5年。16%的患者在过去的两年内应病情加重而住院治疗,11%的患者应哮喘加重而就诊于急诊。完全控制率为15%,控制良好的患者为65%。结论 :由于哮喘教育管理工作的开展和哮喘规范化治疗的推广,哮喘病的总体控制水平及患者对疾病的认知得到了很大程度的提高。     

不同哮喘控制水平患者流感嗜血杆菌的 感染水平及其与炎性水平的相关性

摘要：目的 探究不同哮喘控制水平患者流感嗜血杆菌感染程度及其与炎性因子水平的相关性。方法 选取我院2017年1月至2018年8月间诊断及治疗的285例哮喘患者,根据病情控制情况分为良好控制组（187例）、部分控制组（62例）及未控制组（36例）,比较三组流感嗜血杆菌感染情况,包括：检出率及细菌载量,同时比较患者哮喘控制测试量表（ACT）评分,诱导痰中炎症细胞及血清炎症因子水平,使用Pearson相关性分析模型探究流感嗜血杆菌载量与患者哮喘控制水平、炎症细胞及炎症因子水平的相关性。结果 三组患者ACT评分、中性粒细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞计数及血清IL-25、IL-33水平的差异具有统计学意义（F=7.556,4.557,7.023,16.436,11.772;均P＜0.05）,三组流感嗜血杆菌检出率（42.78% vs 58.06% vs 77.78%;χ2=16.593,P＝0.001）及细菌载量差异均具有统计学意义（t=25.150,P＜0.001）,且组内两两比较差异也具有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示流感嗜血杆菌载量与ACT评分及嗜酸性粒细胞数具有显著相关性（均P＜0.05）。结论 不同哮喘控制水平患者流感嗜血杆菌感染检出率及炎症因子水平差异明显,流感嗜血杆菌载量与ACT评分及嗜酸性粒细胞具有显著相关性。     

Exhaled Nitric Oxide Fraction as an Add-On to ACQ-7 for Not Well Controlled Asthma Detection

Background

The measurement of fractional nitric oxide concentration in exhaled breath (FeNO), a noninvasive indicator of airway inflammation, remains controversial as a tool to assess asthma control. Guidelines currently limit asthma control assessment to symptom and spirometry based appraisals such as the Asthma Control Questionnaire-7 (ACQ-7). We aimed at determining whether adding FeNO to ACQ-7 improves current asthma clinical control assessment, through enhanced detection of not well controlled asthma.

Methods

Asthmatic subjects, classified as not well controlled as per ACQ-7 on regular clinical practice, were included in a prospective, multicenter fashion, and had their maintenance treatment adjusted on visit 1. On follow-up (visit 2) four weeks later, the subjects were reevaluated as controlled or not well controlled using ACQ-7 versus a combination of FeNO and ACQ-7.

Results

Out of 381 subjects enrolled, 225 (59.1%) had not well controlled asthma on visit 2 as determined by ACQ-7, and 264 (69.3%) as per combined FeNO and ACQ-7. The combination of FeNO to ACQ-7 increased by 14.8% the detection of not well controlled asthma following maintenance therapy adjustment.

Conclusions

The addition of FeNO to ACQ-7 increased the detectability of not well controlled asthma upon adjustment of maintenance therapy. Adding a measure of airway inflammation to usual symptom and spirometry based scores increases the efficacy of current asthma clinical control assessment.     

The Course of Asthma in Young Adults: A Population-Based Nine-Year Follow-Up on Asthma Remission and Control

Background

Only few longitudinal studies on the course of asthma among adults have been carried out.

Objective

The aim of the present prospective study, carried out between 2000 and 2009 in Italy, is to assess asthma remission and control in adults with asthma, as well as their determinants.

Methods

All the subjects with current asthma (21–47 years) identified in 2000 in the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults in 6 Italian centres were followed up. Asthma remission was assessed at follow-up in 2008–2009 (n = 214), asthma control at baseline and follow-up. Asthma remission and control were related to potential determinants by a binomial logistic and a multinomial logistic model. Separate models for remission were used for men and women.

Results

The estimate of the proportion of subjects who were in remission was 29.7% (95%CI: 14.4%;44.9%). Men who were not under control at baseline had a very low probability of being in remission at follow-up (OR = 0.06; 95%CI:0.01;0.33) when compared to women (OR = 0.40; 95%CI:0.17;0.94). The estimates of the proportion of subjects who were under control, partial control or who were not under control in our sample were 26.3% (95%CI: 21.2;31.3%), 51.6% (95%CI: 44.6;58.7%) and 22.1% (95%CI: 16.6;27.6%), respectively. Female gender, increasing age, the presence of chronic cough and phlegm and partial or absent asthma control at baseline increased the risk of uncontrolled asthma at follow-up.

Conclusion

Asthma remission was achieved in nearly 1/3 of the subjects with active asthma in the Italian adult population, whereas the proportion of the subjects with controlled asthma among the remaining subjects was still low.     

Viruses and asthma

Background

Viral respiratory infection has long been known to influence the occurrence of asthma exacerbations. Over the last 20 years much effort has been put into clarifying the role that viral respiratory infections play in the eventual development of asthma.

Scope of review

In this review we give a general background of the role of viruses in the processes of asthma exacerbation and asthma induction. We review recent additions to the literature in the last 3 years with particular focus on clinical and epidemiologic investigations of influenza, rhinovirus, bocavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and metapneumovirus.

Major conclusions

The development of asthma emerges from a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors with viral infection likely playing a significant role in the effect of environment on asthma inception. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Asthma.

General significance

Further understanding of the role that viruses play in asthma exacerbation and inception will contribute to decreased asthma morbidity in the future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Asthma.     

Allergen-Specific IL-5 Responses in Early Childhood Predict Asthma at Age Eight

Background

The pattern of development of allergen-specific T cell cytokine responses in early childhood and their relation to later disease is poorly understood. Here we describe longitudinal changes in allergen-stimulated T cell cytokine responses and their relation to asthma and allergic disease during the first 8 years of life.

Methods

Subjects with a family history of asthma, who were enrolled antenatally in the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (public trials registration number ACTRN12605000042640), had skin prick tests, clinical evaluation for asthma and eczema, and in vitro assessment of T cell cytokine responses to HDM extract performed at ages 18 months (n = 281), 3 years (n = 349), 5 years (n = 370) and 8 years (n = 275). We measured interleukin (IL-) 13 at 3, 5 and 8 years, and IL-5, IL-10, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), at 18 months, 3, 5 and 8 years by ELISA. A cohort analysis was undertaken. Independent effects of cytokine responses at each age on the risk of asthma and allergic outcomes at age 8 years were estimated by multivariable logistic regression.

Results

HDM-specific IL-5 responses increased with age. HDM-specific IL-13 and IL-10 responses peaked at age 5 years. HDM-specific IL-5 responses at 3 years, 5 years and 8 years were significantly associated with the presence of asthma and atopy at 8 years. IL-13 responses at 3 years, 5 years and 8 years were significantly associated with atopy at 8 years, but this association was not independent of the effect of IL-5. Other HDM-specific cytokine responses were not independently related to asthma or eczema at 8 years.

Conclusion

HDM-specific IL-5 responses at age 3 years or later are the best measure of T cell function for predicting asthma at age 8 years.     

Genetic Ancestry and Asthma and Rhinitis Occurrence in Hispanic Children: Findings from the Southern California Children’s Health Study

BackgroundAsthma and rhinitis are common childhood health conditions. Being an understudied and rapidly growing population in the US, Hispanic children have a varying risk for these conditions that may result from sociocultural (including acculturative factors), exposure and genetic diversities. Hispanic populations have varying contributions from European, Amerindian and African ancestries. While previous literature separately reported associations between genetic ancestry and acculturation factors with asthma, whether Amerindian ancestry and acculturative factors have independent associations with development of early-life asthma and rhinitis in Hispanic children remains unknown. We hypothesized that genetic ancestry is an important determinant of early-life asthma and rhinitis occurrence in Hispanic children independent of sociodemographic, acculturation and environmental factors.MethodsSubjects were Hispanic children (5–7 years) who participated in the southern California Children’s Health Study. Data from birth certificates and questionnaire provided information on acculturation, sociodemographic and environmental factors. Genetic ancestries (Amerindian, European, African and Asian) were estimated based on 233 ancestry informative markers. Asthma was defined by parental report of doctor-diagnosed asthma. Rhinitis was defined by parental report of a history of chronic sneezing or runny or blocked nose without a cold or flu. Sample sizes were 1,719 and 1,788 for investigating the role of genetic ancestry on asthma and rhinitis, respectively.ResultsChildren had major contributions from Amerindian and European ancestries. After accounting for potential confounders, per 25% increase in Amerindian ancestry was associated with 17.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–0.99) and 13.6% (95% CI: 0.79–0.98) lower odds of asthma and rhinitis, respectively. Acculturation was not associated with either outcome.ConclusionsEarlier work documented that Hispanic children with significant contribution from African ancestry are at increased asthma risk; however, in Hispanic children who have little contribution from African ancestry, Amerindian ancestry was independently associated with lower odds for development of early-childhood asthma and rhinitis.     

International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment for Depression (iSPOT-D), a randomized clinical trial: rationale and protocol

Background

Asthma is a prevalent and costly disease resulting in reduced quality of life for a large proportion of individuals. Effective patient self-management is critical for improving health outcomes. However, key aspects of self-management such as self-monitoring of behaviours and symptoms, coupled with regular feedback from the health care team, are rarely addressed or integrated into ongoing care. Health information technology (HIT) provides unique opportunities to facilitate this by providing a means for two way communication and exchange of information between the patient and care team, and access to their health information, presented in personalized ways that can alert them when there is a need for action. The objective of this study is to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of using a web-based self-management system, My Asthma Portal (MAP), linked to a case-management system on asthma control, and asthma health-related quality of life.

Methods

The trial is a parallel multi-centered 2-arm pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants are randomly assigned to one of two conditions: a) MAP and usual care; or b) usual care alone. Individuals will be included if they are between 18 and 70, have a confirmed asthma diagnosis, and their asthma is classified as not well controlled by their physician. Asthma control will be evaluated by calculating the amount of fast acting beta agonists recorded as dispensed in the provincial drug database, and asthma quality of life using the Mini Asthma Related Quality of Life Questionnaire. Power calculations indicated a needed total sample size of 80 subjects. Data are collected at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months post randomization. Recruitment started in March 2010 and the inclusion of patients in the trial in June 2010.

Discussion

Self-management support from the care team is critical for improving chronic disease outcomes. Given the high volume of patients and time constraints during clinical visits, primary care physicians have limited time to teach and reinforce use of proven self-management strategies. HIT has the potential to provide clinicians and a large number of patients with tools to support health behaviour change.

Trial Registration

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN34326236.     

Patients with Asthma and Comorbid Allergic Rhinitis: Is Optimal Quality of Life Achievable in Real Life?

Objectives

Asthma trials suggest that patients reaching total disease control have an optimal Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Moreover, rhinitis is present in almost 80% of asthmatics and impacts asthma control and patient HRQoL. We explored whether optimal HRQoL was reachable in a real-life setting, and evaluated the disease and patient related patterns associated to optimal HRQoL achievement.

Methods and Findings

Asthma and rhinitis HRQoL, illness perception, mood profiles, rhinitis symptoms and asthma control were assessed by means of validated tools in patients classified according to GINA and ARIA guidelines. Optimal HRQoL, identified by a Rhinasthma Global Summary (GS) score ≤20 (score ranging from 0 to 100, where 100 represents the worst possible HRQoL), was reached by 78/209 (37.32%). With the exception of age, no associations were found between clinical and demographic characteristics and optimal HRQoL achievement. Patients reaching an optimal HRQoL differed in disease perception and mood compared to those not reaching an optimal HRQoL. Asthma control was significantly associated with optimal HRQoL (χ² = 49.599; p<0.001) and well-controlled and totally controlled patients significantly differed in achieving optimal HRQoL (χ² = 7.617; p<0.006).

Conclusion

Approximately one third of the patients in our survey were found to have an optimal HRQoL. While unsatisfactory disease control was the primary reason why the remainder failed to attain optimal HRQoL, it is clear that illness perception and mood also played parts. Therefore, therapeutic plans should be directed not only toward achieving the best possible clinical control of asthma and comorbid rhinitis, but also to incorporating individualized elements according to patient-related characteristics.     

Stem cells in animal asthma models: a systematic review

Background aimsAsthma control frequently falls short of the goals set in international guidelines. Treatment options for patients with poorly controlled asthma despite inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists are limited, and new therapeutic options are needed. Stem cell therapy is promising for a variety of disorders but there has been no human clinical trial of stem cell therapy for asthma. We aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the potential benefits of stem cell therapy in animal models of asthma to determine whether a human trial is warranted.MethodsThe MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for original studies of stem cell therapy in animal asthma models.ResultsNineteen studies were selected. They were found to be heterogeneous in their design. Mesenchymal stromal cells were used before sensitization with an allergen, before challenge with the allergen and after challenge, most frequently with ovalbumin, and mainly in BALB/c mice. Stem cell therapy resulted in a reduction of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid inflammation and eosinophilia as well as Th2 cytokines such as interleukin-4 and interleukin-5. Improvement in histopathology such as peribronchial and perivascular inflammation, epithelial thickness, goblet cell hyperplasia and smooth muscle layer thickening was universal. Several studies showed a reduction in airway hyper-responsiveness.ConclusionsStem cell therapy decreases eosinophilic and Th2 inflammation and is effective in several phases of the allergic response in animal asthma models. Further study is warranted, up to human clinical trials.