针刺联合生物反馈治疗脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱的疗效观察

目的:探讨针刺联合生物反馈治疗脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱的治疗效果。方法:将2016年6月到2018年1月来我院就诊的脊髓损伤所致神经源性膀胱患者50例随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组25例。对照组予患者实施生物反馈治疗,治疗组予患者实施生物反馈联合针刺治疗。以上两组患者均实行基础的康复训练、清洁间歇导尿及反射性排尿训练,并实行定时定量的饮水计划。分别于治疗前后行尿流动力学检查比较患者的膀胱内压力、残余尿量,记录患者的日排尿次数、最大排尿量以及患者的LUTS(Lower urinary tract symptoms)评分。结果:治疗后,对两组患者的治疗有效率、最大排尿量、日排尿次数、残余尿量、膀胱内压力以及LUTS评分的数据进行对比,治疗组的效果明显优于对照组(p0.05)。结论:针刺联合生物反馈治疗脊髓损伤所致神经源性膀胱的效果更佳。     

室性心律失常相关神经机制的研究进展

室性心律失常是常见的心血管系统疾病,指起源于心室的心律紊乱,其发病率高,严重影响人类健康。目前认为,器质性与非器质性心脏病引发的室性心律失常与神经功能调节密切相关,特别是中枢神经的调节作用;心力衰竭及心肌梗死引起的心律失常与神经内分泌系统紊乱相关;脑损伤或应激创伤引起的室性心律失常与自主神经所控制的区域有关。室性心律失常的电风暴属于临床急性危重性症候群,可引起严重的血流动力学障碍,通常需要采取电复律或电除颤进行紧急治疗,而该症状的主要的促发因素被认为是过度兴奋的交感神经状态。随着研究和临床实践的不断深入,我们对室性心律失常的发生机制会形成更加系统的认识,这对疾病防治手段的完善具有积极的意义。     

低频电刺激结合康复训练对脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者排尿症状、膀胱功能及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨低频电刺激结合康复训练对脊髓损伤(SCI)诱发神经源性膀胱(NB)患者排尿症状、膀胱功能及生活质量的影响.方法:选取2017年3月～2019年12月期间我院收治的SCI诱发NB患者97例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=48)和研究组(n=49),对照组患者予以康复训练,研究组在对照组基础上联合低频电刺激,比...     

不同频率功能性磁刺激联合运动想象疗法治疗脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱尿潴留的疗效对比研究

摘要 目的：观察不同频率功能性磁刺激（FMS）联合运动想象疗法治疗脊髓损伤（SCI）后神经源性膀胱（NB）尿潴留的疗效。方法：将2021年8月至2023年4月期间我院收治的116例SCI后NB尿潴留患者,按随机数字表法分为5Hz组（n=58,5HzFMS联合运动想象疗法治疗）和20Hz组（n=58,20HzFMS联合运动想象疗法治疗）。对比两组排尿情况、尿流动力学指标、肌电图指标、各项量表评分。结果：治疗后,20Hz组日自主排尿次数少于5Hz组,日均单次排尿量、日单次最大尿量多于5Hz组（P<0.05）;20Hz组最大尿流速、最大膀胱容量、充盈期逼尿肌压力、H反射波幅、F波引出率、生活质量综合评定量表-74（GQOL-74）评分高于5Hz组,膀胱残余尿量、H反射潜伏期、F波潜伏期、NB症状评分表（NBSS）、国际下尿路功能症状（LUTS）评分低于5Hz组（P<0.05）。结论：与5Hz频率FMS相比,20Hz频率FMS联合运动想象疗法治疗SCI后NB尿潴留,可缓解临床症状,促进膀胱功能恢复,进一步改善患者的生活质量。     

尿源干细胞对神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱功能及Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究尿源干细胞对神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱功能及Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达的影响。方法:纳入60只健康雌性清洁SD大鼠作为实验对象,将其按照随机抽签法分为正常对照组、研究组以及损伤组,每组各20只。其中研究组和损伤组大鼠均建立神经源性膀胱模型,研究组在造模成功后予以尿源性干细胞尾静脉注射。28 d后,比较三组大鼠膀胱功能相关指标水平,膀胱湿质量和膀胱湿质量/体质量,Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达水平。结果:损伤组收缩时间、排尿量、膀胱峰压均低于正常对照组,而研究组收缩时间、排尿量、膀胱峰压均高于损伤组(均P0.05);损伤组膀胱基压高于正常对照组,而研究组膀胱基压低于损伤组(均P0.05)。损伤组膀胱湿质量和膀胱湿质量/体质量均高于正常对照组,而研究组膀胱湿质量和膀胱湿质量/体质量低于损伤组(均P0.05)。损伤组Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达水平均高于正常对照组,而研究组Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达水平低于损伤组(均P0.05)。结论:尿源干细胞的应用可显著改善神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱功能,同时可下调Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达水平。     

脑源性神经营养因子研究进展

脑源性神经营养因子是一种小分子二聚体蛋白质,在结构上与神经生长因子相关。对中枢神经系统的多种类型神经元的生长、发育、分化、维护和再生部具有重要作用,对于治疗运动神经元病变以及神经系统迟行性疾病有显疗效。本对其细胞与分子生物学特征、生物学功能进行阐述。     

胶质细胞源性神经营养因子研究进展

胶质细胞源性神经营养因子是１９９３４上发现并克隆的神经营养因子,对巴金森氏病和运动神经元性疾病的治疗可能具有潜在的应用价值。本文对价值蛋白质的性质,基因结构,分布以及其在生理,病理情况下作用进行了简要的综述。     

脑卒中大鼠后室下区祖细胞和神经发生减少的神经影像研究

目的:通过神经影像学研究脑卒中大鼠后室下区祖细胞和神经发生减少的变化情况。方法:2个月龄的Wistar雄性大鼠70只随机分为2组:脑卒中大鼠模型组(n=35)和正常组(n=35)。构建脑卒中大鼠模型后通过磁共振成像系统观察大鼠祖细胞归巢情况、脑梗塞面积与对侧脑组织体积的百分比和脑白质纤维束重塑情况;采取免疫化组织方法分析大鼠血管新生和神经发生情况;利用Western Blot法分析脑组织内细胞因子及炎症因子的表达;再根据RT-PCR方法计算Neu N蛋白和GFAP蛋白表达。结果:MRI扫描于T1WI及T2WI序列下,通过所得图像及信号可知,模型组大鼠祖细胞归巢信号变化、脑梗塞面积与对侧脑组织体积的百分比和脑白质纤维束重塑情况比较间有显著差异(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。脑卒中大鼠血管新生和神经发生、细胞因子EVGF和BDNF水平、Neu N蛋白和GFAP蛋白表达均较正常大鼠低(P<0.05),而炎症因子IL-1β和TNF-α水平则相对较高(P<0.05)。结论:神经影像可用于脑卒中大鼠后室下区祖细胞和神经发生下降的研究,结合组织学分析,进一步验证了结果的可行性与有效性。     

钾离子通道与神经胶质瘤关系的研究进展

钾离子通道为组织细胞内分布最广、种类最多的离子通道,在细胞增殖、分化及肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移中起着关键作用。神经胶质瘤是颅内最多发的恶性肿瘤,目前其主要治疗方式为手术加术后放化疗,术后五年生存率较低,寻找其相关发病机制及化疗靶点具有重要意义。目前已有多项研究表明,多种钾离子通道在胶质瘤中呈特异性高表达,且与胶质瘤的增殖、分化有密切关系,一些钾离子通道可作为胶质瘤的诊断和预防因子,有望成为未来胶质瘤化疗的新靶点,研究钾离子通道与神经胶质瘤的关系对胶质瘤的诊断、预防和治疗有重要意义。本文主要对近年来钾离子通道与神经胶质瘤关系研究的新进展进行综述。     

成年内源性神经发生在脑损伤修复中的应用研究进展

成年哺乳动物大脑中的脑室室下区(subventricular zone,SVZ)和海马齿状回颗粒层下区(subgranular zone,SGZ)存在持续的神经发生.成年内源性神经发生不仅在正常脑功能中发挥重要作用,同时也在脑损伤或脑疾病的修复治疗中具有重要意义.本文通过综述成年内源性神经发生过程及其在创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)和缺血性脑卒中修复中的应用,讨论激活成年内源性神经发生修复脑损伤的策略及其促进脑损伤后功能恢复的意义.     

Organic bioelectrodes in clinical neurosurgery

Background

Clinical neurosurgery deals with surgical procedures and intensive care of illnesses in the human central and peripheral nervous system. Neurosurgery should be looked upon as a high-tech specialty and very much dependent on new technological innovations aiming at improvements of patient's treatment and outcome. During the last decades neurosurgery has improved substantially thanks to the introduction of applied imaging technologies such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance tomography, and new surgical modalities such as the microscope, brain navigation and neuroanesthesiology.Neurosurgical disorders, which should have the potential to benefit from conductive organic bioelectrodes, include traumatic brain and spinal cord injury and peripheral nerve injuries due to external violence in the restoration of healthy communication. This holds true also for cerebral nerves altered in their functions due to benign and malignant brain and spinal cord tumors. Further, new innovative devices in the field of functional nervous tissue disorders make the use of organic conductive electrodes attractive by considering the electrical neurochemical properties of neural interfaces.

Conclusions

Although in its infancy, conducting organic polymers as bioelectrodes have several potential applications in clinical neurosurgery. The time it takes for new innovations and basic research to be transferred into clinical neurosurgery should not take too long. However, a prerequisite for successful implementation is the close interdisciplinary collaboration between engineers and clinicians. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organic Bioelectronics—Novel Applications in Biomedicine.     

Role of Cell Cycle Proteins in CNS Injury

Following trauma or ischemia to the central nervous system (CNS), there is a marked increase in the expression of cell cycle-related proteins. This up-regulation is associated with apoptosis of post-mitotic cells, including neurons and oligodendrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Cell cycle activation also induces proliferation of astrocytes and microglia, contributing to the glial scar and microglial activation with release of inflammatory factors. Treatment with cell cycle inhibitors in CNS injury models inhibits glial scar formation and neuronal cell death, resulting in substantially decreased lesion volumes and improved behavioral recovery. Here we critically review the role of cell cycle pathways in the pathophysiology of experimental stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, and discuss the potential of cell cycle inhibitors as neuroprotective agents. Special issue dedicated to Dr. Moussa Youdim.     

三个品系小型猪正常心电图的比较

目的建立清醒状态记录小型猪心电图的方法,并对3个品系小型猪6个导联心电图进行分析比较。方法选用4月龄广西巴马猪7头、5月龄五指山小型猪6头、中国农大小型猪10头,清醒状态下吊床保定,测定Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVR、aVL和aVF6个导联的心电图。结果3个品系小型猪心电图的波形与人相似,心率较快,在3个品系之间差别不明显,存在偶发性窦性心率不齐。广西巴马猪、五指山小型猪和中国农大小型猪的P-R间期分别介于0．08—0．10s、0．08—0．11s和0．08—0．11s;QRS波群分别介于0．04—0．06s,0．04—0．07s和0．04～0．05s。3个品系小型猪均有清晰的S-T段,偏移小于1mm。结论本研究获得了3个品系小型猪清醒状态时的心电图基本数据,经比较,3个品系之间无明显差异。     

白暨豚正常心电图的初步探讨

1980年以来,我们测定了白鱀豚(Lipotes vexillifer)“淇淇”和“珍珍”的心电图,并与人和其他海豚的心电图作了比较,从而确定了白鱀豚心电图常规导联的联接方法,并比较完整地描述了白鱀豚正常心电图的特征。研究发现,白鱀豚的心电图各波、段和间期的正常范围基本与人的相近,但T波的特征与人不同,人的T波与同导联的主波方向一致,而白鱀豚的T波却正好相反。P—R间期明显比人的延长。本研究将为白鱀豚心血管疾病的诊断提供重要依据。     

封闭繁殖的成年东方田鼠心电图分析

记录并分析24例麻醉东方田鼠体表心电图。结果表明,（1）Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联波形较稳定,主波向上,各波较明显;（2）aVR及部分aVL导联主波向下多见,QRS波群形态多样复杂;（3）各导联T波不对称,无明显S－T段,且不在等电位线上;（4）与大鼠相比各导联波幅值均低较,心率较快。     

Human stem cells for CNS repair

Although most peripheral tissues have at least a limited ability for self-repair, the central nervous system (CNS) has long been known to be relatively resistant to regeneration. Small numbers of stem cells have been found in the adult brain but do not appear to be able to affect any significant recovery following disease or insult. In the last few decades, the idea of being able to repair the brain by introducing new cells to repair damaged areas has become an accepted potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the suitability of various human stem cell sources for such treatments of both slowly progressing conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and multiple sclerosis, and acute insult, such as stroke and spinal cord injury. Despite stem cell transplantation having now moved a step closer to the clinic with the first trials of autologous mesenchymal stem cells, the effects shown are moderate and are not yet at the stage of development that can fulfil the hopes that have been placed on stem cells as a means to replace degenerating cells in the CNS. Success will depend on careful investigation in experimental models to enable us to understand not just the practicalities of stem cell use, but also the underlying biological principles.