体外循环心脏直视手术对肝功能影响的临床研究

目的:探讨体外循环心脏直视手术对患者肝功能的影响.方法:检测60例体外循环下行心脏直视手术患者术前24小时、术后6小时、术后48小时、术后7天的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TB)、结合胆红素(CB)等肝功能指标.结果:患者术后6小时ALT、AST、TB、CB水平显著升高(P均＜0.05);术后48小时ALT、AST水平逐渐下降,较术前无显著变化(P均＞0.05),TB、CB水平继续升高(P均＜0.05);术后7天各项肝功能指标基本恢复正常.结论:对术前肝功能异常者需行护肝治疗和缩短体外循环转流时间,对预防体外循环导致的严重肝功能损害具有重要意义.     

丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸联合熊去氧胆酸对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者肝功能及妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸联合熊去氧胆酸对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)患者肝功能及妊娠结局的影响。方法:选取2016年1月至2017年10月我院接诊的96例ICP患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各48例,两组患者均给予常规基础治疗,对照组在此基础上给予熊去氧胆酸治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸治疗,比较两组患者瘙痒、黄疸改善时间及治疗前后胆酸和肝功能指标检测结果,观察并对比两组母婴预后情况。结果:观察组瘙痒改善时间及黄疸改善时间均低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前总胆汁酸(TBA)、甘胆酸(CG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBiL)、直接胆红素(DBiL)水平对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗后TBA、CG、ALT、AST、TBiL、DBiL水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组羊水污染、胎儿窘迫、早产、剖宫产及新生儿Apgar评分7分发生率均低于对照组(P0.05),两组患者产后出血、死胎发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸联合熊去氧胆酸能够有效改善ICP症状和肝功能,降低不良母婴预后发生风险,可作为优选治疗方案。     

丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸联合地塞米松对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者肝功能及血清TNF-α, IL-12水平的影响

目的:探讨丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸(SAMe)联合地塞米松治疗对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)患者肝功能及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-12(IL-12)水平的影响。方法:选取我院2014年10月~2016年10月收治的86例ICP患者,依据随机数字表法均分为两组。对照组予以SAMe治疗,观察组在此基础上予地塞米松治疗。记录比较两组治疗前后皮肤瘙痒评分、肝功能指标、血清TNF-α、IL-12水平,并评价两组用药安全性。结果:与治疗前对比,两组治疗7 d后皮肤瘙痒评分均显著降低(P0.01);且观察组治疗7 d后皮肤瘙痒评分的改善效果显著优于对照组同期(P0.01)。两组治疗7 d后血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及总胆汁酸(TBA)水平均显著低于治疗前(P0.01);与对照组同期相比,观察组治疗7 d后肝功能指标的改善程度均更为显著(P0.01)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗7 d后血清TNF-α、IL-12水平均显著下降(P0.01);且观察组治疗7 d后血清促炎性细胞因子水平的改善幅度均显著优于对照组同期(P0.01)。治疗过程中,两组均未见明显不良反应/事件。结论:丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸联合地塞米松治疗ICP能更有效缓解患者的皮肤瘙痒症状,改善肝功能,疗效显著,且安全性高。     

S-腺苷蛋氨酸对梗阻性黄疸患者术后肝功能及营养状况影响的临床研究

目的：探讨S-腺苷蛋氨酸对梗阻性黄疸患者术后肝功能及营养状况的影响。方法：选择2010年8月至2012年7月我院肝胆病区收治的90例梗阻性黄疸患者为研究对象,随机分为S-腺苷蛋氨酸治疗组（48例）和对照组（42例）,比较和分析静脉滴注S-腺苷蛋氨酸对梗阻性黄疸患者术后第5d、10d肝功能及营养指标的影响。结果：术后5d、10d,两组患者血总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、1．谷氨酰转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶水平较术前1d显著降低,且组内比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,治疗组以上指标的下降程度较对照组更明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后第10d,两组患者的血白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平较术后第5d显著改善（P〈0．05）;术后第5、10d,两组组间血白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：梗阻性黄疸患者术后应用腺苷蛋氨酸能促进黄疸消退,加快胆红素的排泄和肝功能的恢复,有利于患者营养状况的改善。     

腺苷蛋氨酸联合白蛋白治疗新生儿黄疸的临床疗效及对血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶、胰岛素样生长因子水平的影响

目的:探讨腺苷蛋氨酸联合白蛋白治疗新生儿黄疸的临床疗效及对患儿血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶、胰岛素样生长因子水平的影响。方法:选取2017年3月至2019年3月我院收治的203例新生儿黄疸患儿,按照随机数表法分为观察组(n=105)和对照组(n=98)。对照组采用白蛋白治疗,观察组采用腺苷蛋氨酸联合白蛋白治疗。观察及对比两组治疗疗效,黄疸消退时间及黄疸指数水平,治疗前后胆红素各项指标、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、胰岛素样生长因子、转铁蛋白水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组[92.38%(97/105) vs. 80.61%(79/98)](P0.05);黄疸消退时间及黄疸指数水平均显著低于对照组[(4.15±0.82) d vs.(5.31±0.92) d,(56.02±7.36)μmol/L vs.(82.86±9.32)μmol/L](P0.05);间接胆红素、结合胆红素、总胆红素水平均显著低于对照组[(108.75±6.21) d vs.(146.03±7.32) d,(7.49±0.85)μmol/L vs.(9.57±1.02)μmol/L,(117.80±6.52)μmol/L vs.(151.09±8.34)μmol/L](P0.05);γ-谷氨酰转移酶、胰岛素样生长因子均显著低于对照组[(56.01±6.45) U/L vs.(89.56±10.73) U/L,(19.30±2.17) ng/L vs 26.78±3.67) ng/L](P0.05);而转铁蛋白水平均显著高于对照组[(1.96±0.27)g/L vs.(1.60±0.24)g/L](P0.05)。结论:腺苷蛋氨酸联合白蛋白治疗新生儿黄疸的临床疗效显著优于单用白蛋白治疗,其可有效改善患儿的黄疸临床症状,降低血清胆红素、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、胰岛素样生长因子水平。     

S- 腺苷蛋氨酸对梗阻性黄疸患者术后肝功能及营养状况影响的临床研究

目的：探讨S-腺苷蛋氨酸对梗阻性黄疸患者术后肝功能及营养状况的影响。方法：选择2010 年8 月至2012年7 月我院肝 胆病区收治的90 例梗阻性黄疸患者为研究对象,随机分为S- 腺苷蛋氨酸治疗组（48 例）和对照组（42 例）,比较和分析静脉滴注 S-腺苷蛋氨酸对梗阻性黄疸患者术后第5 d、10 d肝功能及营养指标的影响。结果：术后5 d、10 d,两组患者血总胆红素、直接胆 红素、谷丙转氨酶、酌-谷氨酰转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶水平较术前1d 显著降低,且组内比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,治疗组以上指 标的下降程度较对照组更明显,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后第10d,两组患者的血白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平较术后 第5 d显著改善（P<0.05）;术后第5、10 d,两组组间血白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：梗 阻性黄疸患者术后应用腺苷蛋氨酸能促进黄疸消退,加快胆红素的排泄和肝功能的恢复,有利于患者营养状况的改善。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对急性化脓性胆囊炎患者血清SOD,MDA及肝功能的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性化脓性胆囊炎的疗效及对患者血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及肝功能的影响。方法:选择2014年9月至2016年9月我院接诊的92例急性化脓性胆囊炎患者,随机分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=46),对照组使用传统开腹式胆囊切除术,观察组使用腹腔镜下胆囊切除术。观察并比较两组患者的术中出血量、术后引流量、手术时间、术后排气时间及住院时间,治疗前后丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)水平,以及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:观察组术中出血量、术后引流量少于对照组,手术时间、术后排气时间、排便时间、住院时间均比对照组短(P0.05);手术后,观察组丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平均比对照组低(P0.05);观察组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平高于对照组,丙二醛(MDA)水平低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性化脓性胆囊炎的效果显著,对患者肝功能损伤较小,术后并发症少,值得临床应用推广。     

熊去氧胆酸联用思美泰对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症重症患者瘙痒程度、妊娠结局及肝功能的影响

目的:探讨熊去氧胆酸联用思美泰对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)重症患者瘙痒程度、妊娠结局及肝功能的影响。方法:选取2016年6月到2017年12月期间在我院接受治疗的ICP重症患者76例,根据随机数字表法将患者均分为研究组(n=38)和对照组(n=38)。对照组采用熊去氧胆酸进行治疗,研究组采用熊去氧胆酸联用思美泰进行治疗。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗7d后的Ribaha皮肤瘙痒程度评分、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、血清总胆红素(TB)的水平,比较两组患者的妊娠结局。结果:治疗7d后两组患者的瘙痒程度评分均明显降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗7d后两组患者的AST、ALT、TBA、TB水平均明显降低,且研究组患者的AST、ALT、TBA、TB水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者的新生儿窒息发生率和新生儿体质量比较无统计学差异(P0.05),研究组患者早产、胎儿窘迫、羊水胎粪污染的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:熊去氧胆酸联用思美泰可有效缓解ICP重症患者的瘙痒程度,改善肝功能和妊娠结局,临床疗效显著,具有积极的临床意义。     

七氟烷与丙泊酚对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者认知功能、T淋巴细胞及肝功能的影响

目的:探讨七氟烷与丙泊酚对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者认知功能、T淋巴细胞水平及肝功能指标的影响。方法:选择2015年6月-2017年8月期间于我院进行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的110例患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组患者55例。观察组采用丙泊酚静脉全麻方式进行术前麻醉,对照组采用七氟烷吸入全麻方式进行术前麻醉。观察两组患者不同时间点平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)情况,比较两组患者手术前后认知功能、T淋巴细胞水平、肝功能各项指标及不良反应发生情况。结果:两组患者不同时间点MAP、HR组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6 h、12 h观察组简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分低于术前,术后6 h、12 h、24 h对照组MMSE评分低于术前和观察组(P0.05)。术后3d两组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平均降低,CD8~+水平均升高,且观察组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平高于对照组,CD8~+水平低于对照组(P0.05)。术后3 d两组患者谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBILI)、直接胆红素(DBILI)水平均升高,但观察组患者各项指标水平低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为12.73%,与对照组的7.27%比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:七氟烷与丙泊酚在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的麻醉效果相当,无严重不良反应发生,但应用丙泊酚进行麻醉对患者术后的认知功能、T淋巴细胞、肝功能指标的影响较小,值得临床推广应用。     

一步法腹腔镜胆囊切术联合胆总管探查取石术在慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石治疗中的有效性及安全性探究

摘要 目的：探究一步法腹腔镜胆囊切术（LC）联合胆总管探查取石术（LCBDE）在慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石治疗中的有效性及安全性。方法：纳入2018年6月至2021年9月行一步法LC+LCBDE治疗的慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者49例（观察组）,并以行开腹胆囊切除术+胆总管切开取石治疗的慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者43例为对照组,比较两组手术疗效及手术相关指标;观察患者手术前后肝功能指标、胆红素水平及免疫功能变化,并统计患者术后并发症发生情况。结果：观察组及对照组手术成功率均为100%,两组对比无明显差异（P>0.05）;观察组手术时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门恢复排气时间及住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组术后丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）及总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、间接胆红素（IBIL）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组术后7 d的免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）水平均高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：一步法LC+LCBDE治疗慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的成功率高,可促进术后胃肠功能及肝功能恢复,提高机体免疫力,并能降低术后并发症发生率。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.