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1.
气候变化情景下物种适宜生境预测研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
气候变化能够引起物种分布范围、生物物候等一系列生态现象和过程的变化,进而加速物种灭绝的速率。气候变化被认为是21世纪全球生物多样性面临的最主要威胁之一,将给未来的生物多样性保护工作带来严峻的挑战。利用物种分布模型预测气候变化情景下物种适宜生境的变化正成为当前的研究热点。本研究总结目前气候变化情景下物种适宜生境预测的最新方法及取得的主要成果。在研究方法上,多物种分布模型、多气候情景基础上的集合预测方法正成为目前研究采用的主要手段;在研究结果上,未来气候变化将有可能导致物种适宜生境面积减少,范围向高纬度、高海拔地区移动。最后本研究指出目前气候变化情景下物种适宜生境预测研究中存在的主要不足及今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

2.
气候变化直接影响物种赖以生存的栖息地环境条件,进而影响物种的分布、数量和存活率。基于优化后最大熵(MaxEnt)模型预测气候变化下黄腹角雉(Tragopan caboti)过去、当前、未来时期的潜在栖息地格局。结果表明,降水量、温度、海拔是栖息地的主要影响因子。当前时期适宜栖息地面积较过去时期下降24.69%;未来2041—2060年间,共享社会经济路径(SSP)3-7.0与SSP5-8.5情景下黄腹角雉适宜栖息地面积较当前时期分别下降55.19%、58.10%。浙江、江西和福建是当前以及未来黄腹角雉核心适宜栖息地,适宜栖息地面积呈现下降的趋势,并往高纬度区域移动。  相似文献   

3.
中国水稻潜在分布及其气候特征   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
段居琦  周广胜 《生态学报》2011,31(22):6659-6668
基于全国层次和年尺度筛选的影响中国水稻分布的潜在气候指标,结合水稻地理分布信息,利用最大熵模型和ArcGIS软件的空间分析功能,分析了中国水稻潜在分布及其气候特征.结果表明:年降水量(P)、湿润指数(MI)、稳定通过18℃持续日数( N18)和≥10℃积温(∑T10)4个因子是影响水稻分布的主导气候因子,其累积贡献百分率达97.6%.采用主导气候因子作为环境变量重建气候水稻分布关系的最大熵模型,利用重建的最大熵模型给出的中国水稻存在概率,对中国水稻潜在分布区的气候适宜等级进行了划分,并分析了各适宜区的气候特征.研究结果可为中国水稻生产布局及制定应对气候变化政策提供参考.  相似文献   

4.
气候变化是影响物种分布和多样性的主要原因之一,越来越受到人们的关注。本研究从世界气候网站下载了19个气候因子数据,通过网上查阅和实地考察获取檫木(Sassafras tzumu Hemsl.)分布数据共233个,使用ArcGIS 10.2和MaxEnt 3.3.2对檫木不同时期分布格局进行模拟,推测檫木末次冰期和2070年分布格局。研究结果显示,檫木当前分布主要受最干季度降水量、最湿月降水量、温度季节变化和最湿季度平均温度影响。此外,横断山脉、武夷山、天目山和大巴山周边是檫木末次冰期的4个主要分布地区。对当前和2070年模拟结果表明,檫木的适生区整体缩小并向北方移动。表明随着当前气候变化及工业快速发展,在短短几十年时间内对檫木分布格局的影响与过去两万年的相当。  相似文献   

5.
物种分布模型在海洋潜在生境预测的应用研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海洋生物的栖息分布与环境要素的关联性一直是海洋生态学研究的热点之一.近年来,物种分布模型被广泛应用于预测海洋物种分布、潜在适宜性生境评价等研究,为保护海洋生物多样性、防治外来物种入侵及制定渔业管理措施等提供了一条有效途径.物种分布模型主要包括生境适宜性指数模型、机理模型和统计模型.本文对物种分布模型的理论基础进行了归纳和总结,回顾了物种分布模型在预测海洋物种潜在地理分布研究中的开发与应用,重点介绍了不同类型统计模型在海洋物种潜在分布预测中的研究实例.比较各种选取变量和模型验证方法,认为赤池信息准则对于选取模型变量具有优势,Kappa系数和受试者操作特征曲线下面积在验证模型精度中应用最广泛.阐述了物种分布模型存在的问题及未来发展趋势,随着海洋生物生理机制研究的进一步深入,机理模型将是今后物种分布模型发展的重点.  相似文献   

6.
7.
目的:确定影响梅分布的主要环境因子,并预测当前与未来条件下梅的适生区。方法:收集172份梅分布点的32个环境因子数据,构建MaxEnt模型,筛选影响梅生长的主导环境因子,结合地理信息系统(ArcGIS10.8)绘制梅目前与未来的适生区分布预测图。结果:影响梅分布的主要环境因子有5个(最冷月最低气温、年降水量、最暖季降水量、年温差与最干燥月降水量);其中最冷月最低气温对梅生存概率影响最大,当最冷月最低气温约10.1℃时梅适生概率最大,达到71.47%。模拟当前气候环境下,梅的高适生区、中适生区和低适生区面积分别占全国总面积的7.78%、17.01%与7.73%。目前高适宜区主要分布在广东、广西、四川、云南、贵州、重庆、浙江与台湾等省,在SSP1-2.6与SSP5-8.5下,梅适宜面积(潜在高适生与中适生区)在2021至2060年期间,呈现波浪式增加和北移的趋势,分别为当前的101.85%和102.28%。结论:本研究结果可为梅资源的可持续利用,以及梅人工种植的合理布局与区划研究提供科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
物种分布模型被广泛应用于生态学、生物地理学及保护生物学等领域的研究。由于难于取样或标本记录不完善等原因, 真正能够用于模型预测的物种分布数据非常有限。因此, 有必要搞清楚样本容量和物种特征对模型模拟准确度的影响, 为确定以物种特征为区分条件的最小样本容量奠定基础。为了探讨应用BIOCLIM模型预测中国特有植物种的效果, 以12个落叶栎树种为例, 从不同的样本容量和生态特征两方面研究其对BIOCLIM模型模拟准确度的影响。结果表明: BIOCLIM模型模拟准确度随样本容量的增加在初期几乎呈直线增加趋势至样本容量达到25, 随后渐变平缓至样本容量为75~100时达到最大值。此外, 生态幅窄和环境特化物种比生态幅宽和对环境耐受性强的物种更容易获得较高的准确度。结果说明, BIOCLIM可有效地用于样本数量较小的狭域型物种分布预测。  相似文献   

9.
新型统计方法和多源、多尺度空间信息数据的产生促进了物种空间分布模型的快速发展。不同的物种空间分布模型在生态学理论的运用以及前提假设上存在差异。选用不同的模型方法和输入数据会带来预测结果的不确定性。对比并集成多个物种空间分布模型,同时利用多组输入数据可降低预测的不确定性,提高物种分布模拟的精度。本文以中国特有种铁杉(Tsuga chinensis)为例,运用基于R语言开发的BioMod软件包对比9个物种空间分布模型对铁杉的模拟效果。最后以曲线下面积(ROC)为权重集成9个模型的模拟结果,产生和筛选最佳的铁杉潜在空间分布图。研究发现随机森林模型(RF)的模拟效果最好,其次是多元适应回归样条函数模型(MARS)和广义相加模型(GAM),模拟效果最差的是表面分布区分室模型(SRE)。模型集成结果显示,最适宜铁杉分布的区域集中在中国的西南及四川盆地周围,其次零星分散于华南和台湾部分地区。这一结果与前人对铁杉自然分布的描述和研究结果较为吻合。研究进一步表明,通过模型的集成能有效地降低由于单个模型所带来的模拟结果不确定性,从而提高模拟的精度和效果。  相似文献   

10.
苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)是松嫩平原湿地的常见鸟种,松嫩平原也是苍鹭重要的栖息地。为了了解苍鹭潜在栖息地的适宜性分布,利用GPS/GSM卫星跟踪技术,结合遥感影像和地理信息系统,应用Maxent模型对松嫩平原苍鹭秋季潜在的栖息地进行了评价,并对其适宜性分布进行了分析。结果显示:水源距离和绿度指数是影响松嫩平原苍鹭秋季栖息地适宜性的重要环境变量;松嫩平原内苍鹭适宜栖息地面积为2761.06 km2(占研究区域的1.24%),主要分布在大庆(756.86 km2,占适宜栖息地面积的27.41%)、白城(537.14 km2,占适宜栖息地面积的19.45%)、齐齐哈尔(439.43 km2,占适宜栖息地面积的15.92%)等地市行政区,以大庆市杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县(429.90 km2,占适宜栖息地面积的15.57%)、白城市镇赉县(334.92 km2,占适宜栖息地面积的12.13%)、大庆市肇源县(185.54 km2,占适宜栖息地面积的6.72%)等县级行政区为主;其中,15.79%的适宜栖息地依次受到莫莫格保护区(10.34%)、扎龙保护区(3.47%)、向海保护区(0.67%)、查干湖保护区(0.54%)、大布苏保护区(0.41%)、乌裕尔河保护区(0.36%)等国家级自然保护区的保护。建议对未受到保护的零星小面积栖息地给与更多关注。  相似文献   

11.
Species distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to project future changes in the geographic ranges of species, to estimate extinction rates and to plan biodiversity conservation. However, these models can produce a range of results depending on how they are parameterized, and over‐reliance on a single model may lead to overconfidence in maps of future distributions. The choice of predictor variable can have a greater influence on projected future habitat than the range of climate models used. We demonstrate this in the case of the Ptunarra Brown Butterfly, a species listed as vulnerable in Tasmania, Australia. We use the Maxent model to develop future projections for this species based on three variable sets; all 35 commonly used so‐called ‘bioclimatic’ variables, a subset of these based on expert knowledge, and a set of monthly climate variables relevant to the species’ primary activity period. We used a dynamically downscaled regional climate model based on three global climate models. Depending on the choice of variable set, the species is projected either to experience very little contraction of habitat or to come close to extinction by the end of the century due to lack of suitable climate. The different conclusions could have important consequences for conservation planning and management, including the perceived viability of habitat restoration. The output of SDMs should therefore be used to define the range of possible trajectories a species may be on, and ongoing monitoring used to inform management as changes occur.  相似文献   

12.
13.
    
Understanding how climate change can affect crop‐pollinator systems helps predict potential geographical mismatches between a crop and its pollinators, and therefore identify areas vulnerable to loss of pollination services. We examined the distribution of orchard species (apples, pears, plums and other top fruits) and their pollinators in Great Britain, for present and future climatic conditions projected for 2050 under the SRES A1B Emissions Scenario. We used a relative index of pollinator availability as a proxy for pollination service. At present, there is a large spatial overlap between orchards and their pollinators, but predictions for 2050 revealed that the most suitable areas for orchards corresponded to low pollinator availability. However, we found that pollinator availability may persist in areas currently used for fruit production, which are predicted to provide suboptimal environmental suitability for orchard species in the future. Our results may be used to identify mitigation options to safeguard orchard production against the risk of pollination failure in Great Britain over the next 50 years; for instance, choosing fruit tree varieties that are adapted to future climatic conditions, or boosting wild pollinators through improving landscape resources. Our approach can be readily applied to other regions and crop systems, and expanded to include different climatic scenarios.  相似文献   

14.
Species distribution models (SDMs) assume equilibrium between species' distribution and the environment. However, this assumption can be violated under restricted dispersal and spatially autocorrelated environmental conditions. Here we used a model to simulate species' ranges expansion under two non-equilibrium scenarios, evaluating the performance of SDM coupled with spatial eigenvector mapping. The highest fit is for the models that include space, although the relative importance of spatial variables during the range expansion differs in the two scenarios. Incorporating space to the models was important only under colonization-lag non-equilibrium, under the expected scenario. Thus, mechanisms that generate range cohesion and determine species' distribution under climate changes can be captured by spatial modelling, with advantages compared with other techniques and in line with recent claims that SDMs have to account for more complex dynamic scenarios.  相似文献   

15.
该研究基于耐旱藓类连轴藓属5种53条在新疆的地理分布信息和7个气候变量,利用最大熵模型和ArcGIS 10.2软件,分别模拟现代气候和未来气候情景下连轴藓属在新疆的适生分布区,为探讨气候变化对干旱、半干旱区苔藓植物物种分布的影响提供参考。结果表明:(1)Maxent模型预测连轴藓属在新疆适生区的准确性非常高(AUC=0.957)。(2)年降雨量、最干季度降雨量和最暖季度平均气温是影响连轴藓属分布的主要气候因子。(3)连轴藓属在新疆的适生区主要集中在阿尔泰山和天山沿线,在未来(2061~2080年)气候情景下,连轴藓属分布面积将比现代气候下减少10.39%,其绝大部分现有南部适生区将丧失。  相似文献   

16.
We modelled the potential habitat of a threatened species D. fissum subsp. sordidum, an endemic hemicryptophyte with a disjunct distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. Maxent was used to predict the subspecies habitat suitability by relating field sample-based distributional information with environmental and topographic variables. Our results suggest that the model performed well, predicting with high accuracy the current distribution of the species. The variables that most contributed to the model were Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (MTWtQ), Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (PWmQ), Temperature Annual Range (TAR) and Slope (Slo). These variables are biological significant for the taxon, as they have decisive influence in the critical stages of germination and fruiting. The current and potential distributional areas identified by the model fall mainly in regions with some degree of environmental protection, with some exceptions. A recovery plan for the species should be considered. Species Distribution Modelling cannot substitute long-term monitoring programmes, yet it is a useful tool for identifying appropriate areas of taxon occurrence, and thus allow for efficient use of the economic and human resources.  相似文献   

17.
    
Abstract

The impact of climate change on conservation planning is affected by the availability of data (especially in data-sparse countries) and socioeconomic impacts. We build models using MaxEnt for Egyptian medicinal plants as a model system, projecting them to different future times under two IPCC 4th assessment emission scenarios (A2a and B2a) assuming unlimited and no dispersal. We compare the effect of two indices of socioeconomic activity [Human Influence Index (HII) and human population density/km2] as cost layers in spatial prioritization for conservation using zonation. We assess the efficacy of Egypt's network of Protected Areas (PAs) by comparing the predicted conservation value inside and outside each PA under the various scenarios. The results show that there are many locations in Egypt (the main cities, agricultural land, coastal areas) that are highly ranked for conservation before human socioeconomic impacts are included. The HII had a stronger impact than using human population density. The PA value excess (inside–outside) varied significantly with the type of cost and dispersal, but not with climate-change scenario or Zonation settings. We conclude that human socioeconomic impacts add new scope and insights for future conservation; and conservation planning without consideration of such impacts cannot be complete.  相似文献   

18.
    
Climate change affects both habitat suitability and the genetic diversity of wild plants. Therefore, predicting and establishing the most effective and coherent conservation areas is essential for the conservation of genetic diversity in response to climate change. This is because genetic variance is a product not only of habitat suitability in conservation areas but also of efficient protection and management. Phellodendron amurense Rupr. is a tree species (family Rutaceae) that is endangered due to excessive and illegal harvesting for use in Chinese medicine. Here, we test a general computational method for the prediction of priority conservation areas (PCAs) by measuring the genetic diversity of P. amurense across the entirety of northeast China using a single strand repeat analysis of twenty microsatellite markers. Using computational modeling, we evaluated the geographical distribution of the species, both now and in different future climate change scenarios. Different populations were analyzed according to genetic diversity, and PCAs were identified using a spatial conservation prioritization framework. These conservation areas were optimized to account for the geographical distribution of P. amurense both now and in the future, to effectively promote gene flow, and to have a long period of validity. In situ and ex situ conservation, strategies for vulnerable populations were proposed. Three populations with low genetic diversity are predicted to be negatively affected by climate change, making conservation of genetic diversity challenging due to decreasing habitat suitability. Habitat suitability was important for the assessment of genetic variability in existing nature reserves, which were found to be much smaller than the proposed PCAs. Finally, a simple set of conservation measures was established through modeling. This combined molecular and computational ecology approach provides a framework for planning the protection of species endangered by climate change.  相似文献   

19.
    
Raccoons are American carnivores, considered invasive across several countries worldwide, especially in Europe. In the Iberian Peninsula, previous studies on raccoons documented several breeding populations in Spain a decade ago and only two confirmed records from isolated individuals in Portugal. Given the need for updating its Iberian distribution and identifying suitable areas with higher invasion risk, we compiled presence records from established breeding populations and isolated individuals. By using a Maxent approach based on breeding records, we forecasted the suitable habitats in Iberia with higher invasion risk for raccoons and identified the related environmental drivers. Overall, we collected 1039 records of raccoon presence throughout the Iberian Peninsula, including 980 records from established breeding populations. Their origin is probably linked to escapes from captivity. Climatic conditions, linked to both drier and wetter environments, and proximity to water bodies were the main predictors of suitable areas for raccoon’s expansion from the currently established breeding nuclei in Iberia. The forecasted high probability areas showed a wide, but fragmented distribution concentrated on four main areas: central, central-north, central-east, and north-west Iberia. NW Portugal seems to be the area with higher invasion risk in the country, although field surveys showed no evidence of raccoon presence yet. However, there are several records in Spain near the Portuguese border, comprising isolated individuals and breeding populations. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure regular monitoring of areas with high invasion risk, particularly those near facilities with captive raccoons that often act as a source of feral individuals, to assure early detection and effective control for the expansion of this invasive carnivore.  相似文献   

20.
中国植物分布模拟研究现状   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
在过去的20年里, 物种分布模型已广泛应用于动植物地理分布的模拟研究。该文以植物物种分布模拟为例, 利用中国知网、维普网以及Web of Science文献数据库的检索与统计, 分析了2000-2018年间, 中国研究人员利用各种物种分布模型对植物物种分布模拟研究的发文量、模拟模型、物种类型、数据来源、研究目的等信息。最终共收集到366篇有效文献, 分析表明2011年以来中国的物种分布模型应用发展迅速, 且以最近5年最为迅猛, 在生态学、中草药业、农业和林业等行业部门应用广泛。在使用的33种模型中, 应用最广的为最大熵模型(MaxEnt)。有一半研究的环境数据仅包含气候数据, 另一半研究不仅包含气候数据还包括地形与土壤等数据; 环境及物种数据的来源多样, 国际及本土数据库均得到使用。模拟涉及有明确清单的562个植物种, 既有木本植物(52.7%), 也有草本植物(41.8%), 其中中草药、果树、园林植物、农作物等占比较高。研究目的主要集中在过去、现在和未来气候变化对植物种分布的影响及预测, 以及物种分布评估与生物多样性评价(包括入侵植物风险评估)两大方面。预测物种潜在分布范围与气候变化影响等基础研究, 与模拟物种适生区与推广种植等应用研究并重, 物种分布模型在生态学与农业、林业和中草药业等多学科、多行业开展多种应用, 多物种、多模型和多来源数据共同参与模拟与比较, 开发新的机理性物种分布模型, 拓展新的物种分布模拟应用领域, 是今后研究的重点发展方向。  相似文献   

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