甘露寡糖对异育银鲫生长性能、免疫及HSP70基因表达的影响

为探讨甘露寡糖(MOS)对异育银鲫生长、免疫、肠道组织结构及抗病力的影响,试验选取360尾异育银鲫[初均重(16.19±0.03)g],随机分成5组、每组3个重复,在日粮中添加不同浓度甘露寡糖(0、60、120、240、480 mg/kg),连续投喂80d,并于第80天时进行嗜水气单胞菌感染,测定异育银鲫生长、免疫、肠道结构等指标及异育银鲫抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力。试验结果表明,无论投喂50d,还是80d,甘露寡糖对鱼体的生长指标(特定生长率、增重率、蛋白质效率、饵料系数)均没有显著影响(P>0.05);投喂50d,与对照组比,甘露寡糖能显著提高血清球蛋白浓度(P<0.05);投喂80d后,与对照组比,240、480 mg/kg甘露寡糖组能显著提高碱性磷酸酶活性,甘露寡糖组能显著提高血清球蛋白浓度(P<0.05),480 mg/kg甘露寡糖组能显著提高血清总抗氧化能力,120、240 mg/kg甘露寡糖组能显著提高肠褶皱襞长(P<0.05),对皱襞间质宽、黏膜下层宽没有显著影响(P>0.05),肌层宽随着MOS的添加有增加趋势(P>0.05);嗜水气单胞菌感染后,与对照组比,240、480 mg/kg甘露寡糖组成活率提高了22.6%,免疫保护率达45.4%。日粮中添加甘露寡糖组对鱼体肝脏HSP70基因表达没有显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,添加240、480 mg/kg甘露寡糖能提高鱼体的免疫能力,增强鱼体抗病原菌感染能力。     

和厚朴酚对嗜水气单胞菌气溶素表达的抑制作用

为了研究不同浓度和厚朴酚对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)致病力的影响, 筛选抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的天然化合物, 通过溶血试验、免疫印记试验、荧光定量PCR试验和动物试验进行了研究。结果发现, 和厚朴酚能在亚抑菌浓度下降低嗜水气单胞菌培养物上清中的溶血活性; 蛋白免疫印迹试验发现和厚朴酚能降低嗜水气单胞菌气溶素的分泌; 荧光定量PCR试验进一步表明和厚朴酚与嗜水气单胞菌共培养后降低了气溶素编码基因aerA的转录而降低气溶素的分泌。此外, 通过动物试验发现和厚朴酚治疗能显著提高斑点叉尾鮰( Ictalurus punctatus )嗜水气单胞菌感染模型的存活率。以上研究表明, 和厚朴酚能通过降低气溶素编码基因aerA的转录而降低嗜水气单胞菌的致病力, 和厚朴酚是一种潜在的新型抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的先导化合物。     

翘嘴鳜病原嗜水气单胞菌分子特征及LAMP检测方法的建立

嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)是一种危害鳜鱼养殖生产的重要病原细菌, 为进一步明确该病原菌的分子特征及建立快速检测技术, 实验对引起翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)暴发性死亡的病原嗜水气单胞菌进行了致病性、菌株毒力特征研究, 同时以嗜水气单胞菌气溶素基因aerA为分子靶标设计引物, 利用环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)建立了病原嗜水气单胞菌的快速检测方法。结果表明, 本次引起翘嘴鳜暴发性死亡的病原嗜水气单胞菌半致死浓度为1.6×106 CFU/mL, 携带aerA等14种毒力基因, 此14种毒力基因可用于其致病性分析及分子检测。以气溶素基因aerA设计引物进行的环介导恒温扩增, 结果显示可扩增出阶梯状条带, 加入SYBR Green I染色后呈现绿色的阳性反应, 而对照组均未出现任何扩增条带且反应体系呈现橙色, 表明LAMP检测方法对于嗜水气单胞菌检测具有很好的特异性; 灵敏度检测的最低检测限为4.6×101 CFU/mL; 10种经人工感染的淡水养殖鱼虾组织匀浆增菌液, 提取DNA后进行LAMP方法检测, 结果均可获得阳性扩增结果, 而对照未染菌组呈阴性, 表明该方法具有较好的应用性, 可应用于嗜水气单胞菌引起的水生动物疾病的检测。     

双氟沙星在人工感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫体内的药代动力学

为了阐明双氟沙星在健康与处于患病状态下的异育银鲫(Carassius aurutus gibelio)体内的药代动力学特征差异,为双氟沙星的正确合理用药提供参考,本研究通过人工创伤感染的方式采用最佳浓度的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染异育银鲫,在此基础上进一步以双氟沙星在健康异育银鲫体内的药代动力学特征为对照,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定双氟沙星在感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫体内的药代动力学特征。实验结果表明,以鱼体重的20 mg/kg口灌给药后,双氟沙星在人工感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫与健康异育银鲫体内的总药时曲线均符合一级吸收开放性二室模型,其药动学方程分别为C=6.227e^-0.109t-8.074e^-2.752t+1.847e^-0.006t和C=110.295e^-0.331t+1.533e^-0.01t-111.828e^-0.412t,但与双氟沙星在健康异育银鲫体内的药代动力学参数相比,双氟沙星在人工感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫体内的吸收、分布、消除速度减慢,其在人工感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫体内的分 布半衰期、消除半衰期、吸收速率常数、曲线下面积分别增加了4.25 h、36.17 h、2.34/h和74.52 mg·h/L,达峰时间延长了5.75 h,峰浓度降低了61.16%,且未出现重吸收现象。本研究证实嗜水气单胞菌感染能够导致异育银鲫肝肾功能损伤,因而双氟沙星在人工感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫体内的吸收、分布、代谢和消除均会减慢。     

三种中药的醇提液对嗜水气单胞菌的抑制作用

嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）是引起水产动物细菌性疾病常见的病原菌,不仅严重威胁着海产品的安全,还带来了巨大的经济损失. 而中药(traditional Chinese medicines,TCM)具有天然性、多功能性、毒副作用小和抗药性低等特点. 本文研究了大黄醇提液(RRR)、甘草醇提液(GRR)和金银花醇提液(LJF)对嗜水气单胞菌的作用. 实验结果表明,它们对嗜水气单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别是1.0 mg/mL,7.8 mg/mL 和3.9 mg/mL;最小杀菌浓度分别是4.0 mg/mL,31.2 mg/mL 和 7.8 mg/mL. 经SDS-PAGE,2-DE和蛋白质质谱(MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS)分析,发现中药醇提液抑制嗜水气单胞菌体内4种蛋白质的表达,分别是30S 核糖体蛋白(S1),F0F1 ATP合酶β 亚基(ATPase-β),异柠檬酸裂解酶(isocitrate lyase)和烯醇酶(NSE). 另外,实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,中药醇提液影响4种蛋白质的mRNA表达.实验揭示,中药醇提液通过调节S1,ATPase-β,isocitrate lyase和NSE这4种代谢酶表达而抑制嗜水气单胞菌的生长,为中药作为饲料添加剂在水产养殖中应用提供理论依据.     

山姜素对鱼源耐药性嗜水气单胞菌体外抗菌作用的研究

旨为探究山姜素对耐药性嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌效果及其作用机制。通过测定山姜素对嗜水气单胞菌生长、细菌形态、电导率、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、蛋白质代谢和DNA的影响,研究山姜素对耐药性嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌机制。山姜素对5株鱼源耐药性嗜水气单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为128-256μg/mL和512-1024μg/mL。与对照组相比,2MIC山姜素作用于嗜水气单胞菌CW株8 h、16 h后,菌体皱缩,细胞壁和细胞膜破损,细胞质丢失,内部空化;作用2 h后,菌悬液电导率、乳酸脱氢酶含量、DNA外渗量分别增长了3.97%、26.09%和10.50μg/mL;作用2、4和8 h后,菌悬液核酸荧光强度和密度呈现随时间降低的趋势。山姜素对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌机制为损伤菌体的细胞壁、增加细胞膜的通透性来抑制其生长繁殖。     

酸解氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖对齐口裂腹鱼肠道免疫功能的影响

在日粮中添加酸解氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖1.6%(acidolysis oxidized of konjacgluconmannan,A-OKGM),饲养齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)60 d后,齐口裂腹鱼经腹腔注射9伊108cfu/m L的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila,Ah)0.2 mL,在注射嗜水气单胞菌1周后,分别取齐口裂腹鱼肠道分成前肠、中肠和后肠段。利用酶标仪测定溶菌酶(LZM)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP);并运用荧光定量PCR分析酸解氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖对齐口裂腹鱼感染嗜水气单胞菌后不同肠段中白细胞介素-1β(il-1β)、白细胞介素-10(il-10)、白细胞介素-8(il-8)、肿瘤坏死因子(tnf-α)和转化生长因子β(tgf-β1)的表达影响。结果表明,与注射磷酸盐缓冲液对照组相比,感染嗜水气单胞菌A-OKGM组对齐口裂腹鱼的前肠、中肠、后肠中溶菌酶的活性有增加的趋势,但是没有达到显著水平(p0.05);在中肠中,感染嗜水气单胞菌A-OKGM组的il-1β、tnf-α、tgf-β1较感染嗜水气单胞菌对照组表达上调(p0.05),而il-10和il-8则相对下调。在后肠中,感染嗜水气单胞菌A-OKGM组il-1β、tnf-α、tgf-β1、il-10及il-8较感染嗜水气单胞菌对照组表达下调(p0.05)。本试验在日粮中添加A-OKGM1.6%对齐口裂腹鱼中肠的免疫功能有着活化的作用,对后肠中整体细胞因子起着抑制的作用,从而减轻机体产生的炎症损伤,从而增强齐口裂腹鱼肠道免疫的作用,可促进鱼体健康生长。     

三种中药的醇提液对嗜水气单胞菌的抑制作用（英文）

嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)是引起水产动物细菌性疾病常见的病原菌,不仅严重威胁着海产品的安全,还带来了巨大的经济损失.而中药(traditional Chinese medicines,TCM)具有天然性、多功能性、毒副作用小和抗药性低等特点.本文研究了大黄醇提液(RRR)、甘草醇提液(GRR)和金银花醇提液(LJF)对嗜水气单胞菌的作用.实验结果表明,它们对嗜水气单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别是1.0 mg/mL,7.8 mg/mL和3.9 mg/mL;最小杀菌浓度分别是4.0 mg/mL,31.2 mg/mL和7.8 mg/mL.经SDS-PAGE,2-DE和蛋白质质谱(MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS)分析,发现中药醇提液抑制嗜水气单胞菌体内4种蛋白质的表达,分别是30S核糖体蛋白(S1),F0F1ATP合酶β亚基(ATPase-β),异柠檬酸裂解酶(isocitrate lyase)和烯醇酶(NSE).另外,实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,中药醇提液影响4种蛋白质的mRNA表达.实验揭示,中药醇提液通过调节S1,ATPase-β,isocitrate lyase和NSE这4种代谢酶表达而抑制嗜水气单胞菌的生长,为中药作为饲料添加剂在水产养殖中应用提供理论依据.     

嗜水气单胞菌毒力基因在传代过程中的稳定性研究

为了解嗜水气单胞菌毒力基因在传代过程中的稳定性,对传代前后嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila,A.hydrophila)的毒力和毒力基因进行测定和检测.采用急性毒性试验方法测定10株嗜水气单胞菌原代、第10代及第20代的菌株对异育银鲫(Carassais auratus gibebio)的半数致死量,通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测原代、第10代及第20代的菌株中5种毒力基因aerA、hlyA、ahpA、altA及ast的变化情况.试验结果表明,嗜水气单胞菌在传代过程中毒力基因分布相对较稳定.但是ahpA基因极易发生变异,在培养基上连续多次传代后,毒力逐渐减弱甚至消失.可推知,ahpA基因与毒力相关性最大,并易受传代影响.     

几种中药单体和抗生素对嗜水气单胞菌及温和气单胞菌的体外抑菌活性研究

考察没食子酸等6种中药单体和诺氟沙星等3种抗生素对嗜水气单胞菌及温和气单胞菌的体外抑菌活性及其联合抑菌作用。通过琼脂扩散法测定受试物的抑菌作用,用微量二倍稀释法测定受试物最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,用棋盘法考察受试物的联合抑菌作用。6种中药单体中没食子酸和槲皮素对嗜水气单胞菌及温和气单胞菌抑制作用较强,抑菌圈均达到20 mm以上,没食子酸对嗜水气单胞菌及温和气单胞菌的MIC和MBC均为250 g/mL;槲皮素对嗜水气单胞菌的MIC和MBC均为500 g/mL,对温和气单胞菌的MIC和MBC分别为250和500 g/mL;而大黄素甲醚等4种中药单体无明显的抑菌作用。嗜水气单胞菌及温和气单胞菌对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考等抗生素均极敏感。在联合药敏试验中,没食子酸与恩诺沙星或氟苯尼考、槲皮素与氟苯尼考联合用药对嗜水气单胞菌具有相加抑菌作用;没食子酸与恩诺沙星联合用药对温和气单胞菌具有协同抑菌作用,没食子酸与诺氟沙星或氟苯尼考、槲皮素与氟苯尼考联合用药对温和气单胞菌具有相加抑菌作用。没食子酸和槲皮素对嗜水气单胞菌及温和气单胞菌具有显著的抑制作用,二者与恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、氟苯尼考等抗生素联合应用具有相加或协同作用,有助于降低抗生素的用量及残留。       

白藜芦醇通过降低galectin-3的表达抑制宫颈癌SiHa细胞的增殖并促进其凋亡

目的：探讨白藜芦醇对人宫颈癌SiHa细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及galectin-3在其中的作用。方法：以体外培养的人宫颈癌SiHa细胞为研究对象,实验分为对照组、白藜芦醇处理组及[白藜芦醇＋galectin-3（5、10、20μg/mL）]共5组,分别给予生理盐水、300μmol/L白藜芦醇及[300μmol/L白藜芦醇＋Galectin-3（5、10、20μg/mL）]处理。48小时后,分别收集各组细胞,采用MTT法检测细胞的增殖情况,Caspase-3活性试剂盒测定细胞的凋亡情况,Western Blot技术测定细胞内galectin-3的蛋白表达水平。结果：300μmol/L的白藜芦醇明显抑制SiHa细胞的增殖,并显著增加其凋亡水平,同时减少了细胞内galectin-3的蛋白表达。在白藜芦醇处理的同时,给予5、10及20μg/mL的Galectin-3,随着Galectin-3蛋白浓度的增加,SiHa细胞的增殖抑制率逐渐降低,凋亡水平也逐渐下降,但是VEGF-R3受体的磷酸化水平却逐渐升高。结论：白藜芦醇通过降低galectin-3的表达抑制宫颈癌SiHa细胞的增殖并促进其凋亡。     

鱼类三种致病菌的粗脂多糖对异育银鲫的免疫原性

用温酚法从柱状嗜纤维菌、嗜水气单胞菌和鳗弧菌中提取的粗脂多糖（LPS）作为免疫原,分别接种异育银鲫后,通过测定受免鱼的交叉凝集抗体效价,头肾和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性和用A.hydrophila活菌攻毒的方法,探讨鱼类3种致病菌的粗LPS对异育银鲫免疫原性的试验结果,结果表明,从3种致病菌中提取的粗LPS对异育银鲫均具有较强的免疫原性,受免鱼的血清中存在对3种致病菌的交叉凝集抗体;与对照鱼相比,头肾和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性明显上升,受免鱼的A.hydrophila活菌攻毒均产生了较强的免疫保护力,说明在每种供试菌的粗LPS上都不同程度地存在3种致病菌的共同保护性抗原。     

草鱼β-防御素1的趋化活性及免疫佐剂效应研究

为了探究草鱼防御素的免疫调节作用, 研究通过Clustal Omega多序列比对和I-TASSER二级结构预测, 发现草鱼β-防御素1(Ctenopharyngodon idella β-defensin 1, CiBD1)是一类具有两亲性的富含半胱氨酸的小分子阳离子肽, 其结构在硬骨鱼类中高度保守; 通过构建pET-32a-CiBD1原核表达载体, IPTG诱导表达后经过Ni2+亲和层析法纯化和肠激酶酶切获得CiBD1重组蛋白, 通过CFU平板法验证了CiBD1的抑菌活性, 当蛋白浓度达到200 μg/mL时, 对革兰氏阴性菌(G+)及革兰氏阳性菌(G–)都具有显著的抑制活性; 趋化实验表明CiBD1在50 ng/mL时对草鱼原代白细胞趋化活性最佳; 通过个体实验探究了CiBD1重组蛋白对嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的免疫佐剂效应, 发现添加 CiBD1佐剂组死亡率显著低于单独疫苗组, 且该组IgM和MHC Ⅱ转录水平及血清中补体3(C3)和溶菌酶含量都显著高于对照组。研究表明CiBD1重组蛋白在细菌抗感染免疫中发挥着重要作用, 在水产养殖中具有一定的应用前景。     

Effects of polyherbal formulation 'ImmuPlus' on immunity and disease resistance of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita at different stages of growth

A series of experiments were performed to determine the impact of polyherbal immunomodulatory formulation 'ImmuPlus' (AquaImmu) on growth, immunity and disease resistance of rohu (Labeo rohita), one of the Indian major carp at different stages of growth. Rohu larvae were fed on plankton, ImmuPlus-mixed compound feed, and plankton plus ImmuPlus-mixed compound feed (ImmuPlus added at three dose levels of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 g/kg feed) from 4th day of hatching to 14th day. ImmuPlus-mixed diets enhanced growth of larvae, survival and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, compared to only plankton-fed group. In two other experiments, advanced rohu larvae and fingerlings were fed with ImmuPlus-mixed compound feed (at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) for 15, 30 and 45 days. At the end of 45 days for advanced larvae and 30 days for fingerlings, the fish fed with ImmuPlus at 1.0 g/kg level showed significantly higher growth and disease resistance against A. hydrophila challenge. In a separate experiment, juveniles of rohu were fed with 1 g/kg of ImmuPlus incorporated feed for 15 and 30 days. At the end of the trial, the ImmuPlus fed fish showed enhanced non-specific immunity (as measured through nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay, serum lysozyme activity, serum haemolysin titre and resistance against A. hydrophila challenge in non-vaccinated fish as well as specific immunity levels (as measured through bacterial agglutination titre against A. hydrophila in vaccinated fish). Incorporation of ImmuPlus at 1 g/kg level in the diet of rohu may be beneficial for enhancing disease resistance.     

Inhibition of CYP450 1A and 3A by berberine in crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio

Berberine has long been considered as an antibiotic candidate in aquaculture. However, studies regarding its effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes in fish are still limited. In the present study, the effects of berberine on cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and CYP3A in crucian carp were investigated. Injection of different concentrations of berberine (0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) inhibited the CYP1A mRNA expression, thereby inhibiting further the catalytic activity of CYP1A-related ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD). Furthermore, both CYP1A expression and EROD activity were further inhibited with increasing berberine concentrations. In addition, the CYP3A expressions at both the mRNA and the protein levels were downregulated by higher berberine concentrations. The catalytic activity of CYP3A-related erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) was also inhibited by berberine at a dose of no less than 25 mg/kg. Moreover, at the berberine concentration exceeding 25 mg/kg, the inhibition of CYP3A expression and ERND activity increased with increasing berberine concentrations. In vitro experiments were also performed. When berberine was pre-incubated with the crucian carp liver microsomes, it competitively inhibited the corresponding EROD activity with the IC₅₀ of 11.7 μM. However, the ERND activity was slightly inhibited by berberine with the IC₅₀ of 206.4 μM. These results suggest that, in crucian carp, berberine may be a potent inhibitor to CYP1A, whereas the CYP3A inhibition needs a higher concentration of berberine.     

Resveratrol-induced limitation of dysfunction of mitochondria isolated from rat brain in an anoxia-reoxygenation model

Resveratrol protection on the main functions of purified rat brain mitochondria submitted to anoxia-reoxygenation was investigated. Resveratrol (<0.1 microM) reversed partly (23.3%) the respiratory control ratio (RCR) decrease by protecting both states 3 and 4. This effect was both observed when resveratrol was added before anoxia or reoxygenation. Resveratrol fully inhibited the release of cytochrome c in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly decreased the superoxide anion (O2(0-)) production at a concentration of 1 nM. The mitochondrial membranes damaged after the anoxia-reoxygenation were partly protected (about 70%) by resveratrol at 0.1 microM. The oxygen consumption of mitochondria in presence of NADH and cytochrome c was significantly inhibited by resveratrol with a low EC50 of 18.34 pM. Resveratrol inhibited the CCCP-induced uncoupling from about 20%. The effects of resveratrol on oxidative phosphorylation parameters were also investigated in rats after pretreatment (0.4, 2 and 10 mg/kg/day) for one week. After the isolation of brain mitochondria, the RCR was significantly less decreased in the resveratrol group compared to the control group. These results showed that resveratrol could preserve the mitochondrial functions with at least three mechanisms: antioxidant properties, action on complex III and a membrane stabilizing effect.     

Resveratrol – A potential inhibitor of biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae

Resveratrol, a phytochemical commonly found in the skin of grapes and berries, was tested for its biofilm inhibitory activity against Vibrio cholerae. Biofilm inhibition was assessed using crystal violet assay. MTT assay was performed to check the viability of the treated bacterial cells and the biofilm architecture was analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The possible target of the compound was determined by docking analysis. Results showed that subinhibitory concentrations of the compound could significantly inhibit biofilm formation in V. cholerae in a concentration-dependent manner. AphB was found to be the putative target of resveratrol using docking analysis. The results generated in this study proved that resveratrol is a potent biofilm inhibitor of V. cholerae and can be used as a novel therapeutic agent against cholera. To our knowledge, this is the first report of resveratrol showing antibiofilm activity against V. cholerae.