葡萄病程相关蛋白1基因的克隆和表达分析

以葡萄品种‘左优红’组培苗叶片为材料,利用同源克隆法获得其病程相关蛋白1基因VvPR1的cDNA全长序列。扩增片段大小为486bp,编码161个氨基酸,分子量17.5kDa,等电点PI=8.69,含有6个保守半胱氨酸,4个allergenV5/Tpx-1related保守结构域。VvPR1与多种植物PR1高度同源。实时定量PCR检测结果表明VvPR1在葡萄叶片中相对表达量最高;霜霉病菌、低温、盐和干旱胁迫均可显著诱导其表达;水杨酸、脱落酸、茉莉酸、一氧化氮、过氧化氢和硫化氢等亦可诱导其大量表达,据此推测,VvPR1参与了多种生物胁迫和非生物胁迫过程。     

Specific and unspecific responses of plants to cold and drought stress

Different environmental stresses to a plant may result in similar responses at the cellular and molecular level. This is due to the fact that the impacts of the stressors trigger similar strains and downstream signal transduction chains. A good example for an unspecific response is the reaction to stressors which induce water deficiency e.g. drought, salinity and cold, especially frost. The stabilizing effect of liquid water on the membrane bilayer can be supported by compatible solutes and special proteins. At the metabolic level, osmotic adjustment by synthesis of low-molecular osmolytes (carbohydrates, betains, proline) can counteract cellular dehydration and turgor loss. Taking the example of Pinus sylvestris, changes at the level of membrane composition, and concomitantly of photosynthetic capacity during frost hardening is shown. Additionally the effect of photoperiod as measured via the phytochrome system and the effect of subfreezing temperatures on the incidence of frost hardening is discussed. Extremely hydrophilic proteins such as dehydrins are common products protecting not only the biomembranes in ripening seeds (late embryogenesis abundant proteins) but accumulate also in the shoots and roots during cold adaptation, especially in drought tolerant plants. Dehydrins are characterized by conserved amino acid motifs, called the K-, Y-or S-segments. Accumulation of dehydrins can be induced not only by drought, but also by cold, salinity, treatment with abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate. Positive effects of the overexpression of a wild chickpea (Cicer pinnatifidum) dehydrin in tobacco plants on the dehydration tolerance is shown. The presentation discusses the perception of cold and drought, the subsequent signal transduction and expression of genes and their products. Differences and similarities between the plant responses to both stressors are also discussed.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of an F-box family gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">CarF</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">box1</Emphasis> from chickpea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer arietinum</Emphasis> L.)

F-box protein family has been found to play important roles in plant development and abiotic stress responses via the ubiquitin pathway. In this study, an F-box gene CarF-box1 (for Cicer arietinum F-box gene 1, Genbank accession no. GU247510) was isolated based on a cDNA library constructed with chickpea seedling leaves treated by polyethylene glycol. CarF-box1 encoded a putative protein with 345 amino acids and contained no intron within genomic DNA sequence. CarF-box1 is a KFB-type F-box protein, having a conserved F-box domain in the N-terminus and a Kelch repeat domain in the C-terminus. CarF-box1 was localized in the nucleus. CarF-box1 exhibited organ-specific expression and showed different expression patterns during seed development and germination processes, especially strongly expressed in the blooming flowers. In the leaves, CarF-box1 could be significantly induced by drought stress and slightly induced by IAA treatment, while in the roots, CarF-box1 could be strongly induced by drought, salinity and methyl jasmonate stresses. Our results suggest that CarF-box1 encodes an F-box protein and may be involved in various plant developmental processes and abiotic stress responses.     

水稻OsWRKY转录因子对非生物胁迫响应的重叠表达特性分析

WRKY转录因子是植物一类比较大的基因家族,在水稻中已鉴定出102个成员。研究表明WRKY转录因子在植物生长发育、抗病耐逆等方面都具有重要的作用。本研究利用基因芯片数据结合实时定量分析,对水稻Os WRKY转录因子基因在不同的非生物逆境下的表达进行了分析,发现至少有33个Os WRKY基因同时对任何两种非生物胁迫因子做出响应,且所选20个基因中,13个基因可被ABA所诱导。OsWRKY基因这种重叠表达的特性,预示着这些基因在非生物逆境中具有功能多效性,对于培育抗逆境水稻品种具有重要的理论与实践意义。     

杜梨胆碱单加氧酶基因克隆及胁迫表达

为了解梨砧木—杜梨对非生物胁迫的防御机制,采用RT-PCR、RACE和长片段PCR技术从杜梨幼苗中获得1个甜菜碱合成相关的胆碱单加氧酶基因(PbCMO),运用生物信息学方法分析序列特点,并通过跨内含子引物进行半定量RT-PCR研究其在非生物胁迫下的表达情况。结果表明:(1)PbCMO基因cDNA序列编码区长1 227bp,编码由408个氨基酸组成的多肽。其对应基因组DNA序列长2 928bp,由10个外显子和9个内含子组成。其推导的多肽预测的等电点为6.19,相对分子质量为46.27kD,具备Rieske型铁硫[2Fe-2S]簇结合区域和非血红素单核态铁配位点序列,与枸杞CMO蛋白相似性最高(71%)。(2)PbCMO在幼苗根和叶中均为诱导型表达,100mmol/L氯化钠、10%(W/V)聚乙二醇、180mmol/L甘露醇或20μmol/L脱落酸处理后其表达量明显上调,表明PbCMO对盐碱、干旱、渗透胁迫和ABA均存在表达响应,可能参与杜梨应对非生物胁迫的转录调节。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">SlHDA5</Emphasis>, a Tomato Histone Deacetylase Gene,Is Involved in Responding to Salt,Drought, and ABA

Histone deacetylation catalyzed by histone deacetylases is an important type of histone modification. Histone deacetylases affect various processes of plant development and involve in responding to hormones and biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we report a tomato PRD3/HDA1 histone deacetylase gene, SlHDA5, which is expressed ubiquitously in different tissues and development stages. Expression profiles in hormone treatments showed that SlHDA5 was induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Seedlings growth of SlHDA5-RNAi lines were more inhibited on the medium containing salt compared with wild type (WT). Under salt stress, chlorophyll in mature leaves degraded earlier in transgenic leaves than that in WT, and transgenic plants displayed wilting earlier and more severe than WT. After drought treatment, transgenic plants wilted and dehydrated earlier than WT, which was confirmed by lower water and chlorophyll content, and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content in transgenic plants manifesting that the tolerance of transgenic plants to drought receded. Under the treatment of ABA, root length of transgenic seedlings was more strongly repressed by contrast with WT, suggesting repression of SlHDA5 increased seedling sensibility to ABA. Our study indicated that silencing of SlHDA5 resulted in decreasing tolerance to salt, drought, and ABA.     

番茄低温响应转录因子SlNAC41克隆及表达分析

NAC转录因子在调控植物生长发育、生物及非生物逆境应答中发挥着重要作用。前期,我们通过对番茄幼苗在低温胁迫下的基因表达谱进行分析,发现Unigene SGN-U212711受低温诱导表达强烈。本研究从番茄中克隆了该基因,命名为Sl NAC41,其开放阅读框（ORF）1 173 bp,编码390个氨基酸,蛋白N端具有典型的NAM结构域,属于NAC转录因子家族成员。预测Sl NAC41蛋白分子量为43.5 k Da,等电点为5.2。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,Sl NAC41在番茄各组织均有表达,在花中的表达量最高,在红熟果中的表达量最低。低温、干旱、高盐、甲基紫精（MV）、脱落酸（ABA）及乙烯利（ETH）处理均能诱导该基因的表达,其中,以低温和干旱诱导表达最为强烈。利用PLACE和Plant CARE对启动子序列进行预测分析发现,Sl NAC41启动子区含有大量响应光、病原菌侵染、激素、低温、脱水及盐胁迫的顺式作用元件。这些结果表明,Sl NAC41可能在番茄生物及非生物胁迫应答中发挥重要调控作用。     

Isolation and characterization of a novel dehydrin gene from Capsella bursa-pastoris

A novel dehydrin gene designated as Cbcor29 was cloned from Capsella bursa-pastoris by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and genome walker technique. The full-length cDNA of Cbcor29 was 1101 bp long with a 783 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a putative protein of 261 amino acids. Like other dehydrin proteins, CbCOR29 contained a high percentage of charged and polar amino acids, in which Cys and Trp amino acids were absent. Besides, predicted CbCOR29 protein possesses three conserved repeats of the characterized Lys-rich domains (K-segments), and a Ser-rich domain (S-segment) prior to the first Lys-rich domain, which presented a typical SK3 structure of dehydrins. Analysis of Cbcor29 genomic DNA revealed that it contained 2 exons and 1 intron, which was a typical character of dehydrin genes. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis also showed that the sequence of CbCOR29 had high homology with other dehydrin proteins, especially with cor47 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the expression of Cbcor29 could be induced by exposure to drought, low-temperature, NaCl and exogenous ABA treatment respectively. Our study implied that the Cbcor29 gene was a new member of the dehydrin gene family and might exert functions in drought-, cold- and salt- responsiveness in Capsella bursa-pastoris.