两种性信息素诱捕器对棉铃虫雄蛾的诱捕效果比较

1995年在山东和安徽棉区4个地点比较研究了性信息素笼罩诱捕器和水盆诱捕器对棉铃虫雄蛾的诱捕效果。试验结果表明,4地点笼罩诱蛾量分别是水盆诱蛾量的2.8、3.5、2.5和2.0倍,平均2.7倍。两种诱捕器诱蛾量倍数的变异系数分别为22.9%、31.5%、50.7%和51.2%。可见笼罩诱捕器比水盆诱捕器对棉铃虫雄虫具有更高的诱捕效率。考虑到笼罩诱捕器高效、稳定及简便,建议在我国尽快用其取代水盆进行棉铃虫成虫的标准化监测。     

三种性信息素诱捕器对烟田棉铃虫的诱捕效果比较

比较了笼罩、水盆、盘式粘胶诱捕器对烟田棉铃虫的诱捕效果。结果表明,3种诱捕器的诱蛾量变化趋势基本一致,其中笼罩诱捕器的诱蛾量最大,显著高于另外两种诱捕器,且诱捕效果比较稳定。水盆、盘式粘胶诱捕器诱蛾量差异不显著。笼罩诱捕器更适用于烟田棉铃虫成虫的防治及监测。     

二种小菜蛾性诱剂诱芯田间诱蛾效果比较

2006年5～6月在河北省饶阳县和江苏省如东县分别2种性诱芯诱捕小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)进行田间试验,水盆诱捕器分别装配橡胶塞诱芯A和B。试验结果表明,两地点诱芯B的平均诱蛾数分别是诱芯A的2.12倍和3.94倍,差异均达极显著水准(P<0.01)。类似地,两地点诱芯B单盆1晚最大诱蛾数也都极显著高于诱芯A(P<0.01)。     

亚洲玉米螟性诱剂诱捕器诱捕效果研究

研究了不同类型诱捕器、诱捕器悬挂高度及诱捕器颜色对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)的诱捕效果,结果表明,水盆式和三角式两种诱捕器的诱捕效果较好,日均诱蛾量分别为0.7和0.6头,周诱蛾量分别为12.7和10.3头,总诱蛾量分别为46.3和41.3头,均与瓶水式、飞翼式诱捕器的日均诱蛾量、周诱蛾量和总诱蛾量显著差异;三角式诱捕器悬挂在2.5 m和2.0 m处的诱捕效果较好,日均诱蛾最分别为0.7和0.6头,周诱蛾量分别为11.0和10.3头,总诱蛾量分别为43.7头和41.3头.颜色对诱捕器的诱捕效果影响不大,红、白、黄、绿四种不同颜色的三角式诱捕器的13均诱蛾量、周诱蛾量和总诱蛾量均差异不显著.     

棉铃虫二种性诱芯田间诱蛾效果比较

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)是我国最严重害虫之一。为了提高监测和诱捕效率,2009年在山西和新疆进行2种性诱芯诱捕棉铃虫的田间试验,2种性诱芯分别来自中国科学院动物研究所和北京中捷四方公司,2种诱芯处理分别重复2次和6次,诱捕器分别为水盆和笼罩。试验结果:在山西试点,动物所诱芯的诱蛾数是中捷四方公司的8.60倍;在新疆试点,则达到11.89倍。以上差异均达极显著水准(P<0.01)。同时,在山西试点,动物所诱芯的有效期长达62d,比中捷四方公司的长14d。据此认为动物所棉铃虫性诱芯值得应用推广。     

苹果蠹蛾性信息素诱捕器田间诱捕效应影响因子

苹果蠹蛾是我国重要的果树害虫和检疫对象.本文比较研究了性信息素诱捕器颜色、类型、放置位置、诱芯颜色及诱芯数量等对苹果蠹蛾雄性成虫诱捕效果的影响.结果表明：白色和绿色诱捕器的诱捕量是蓝色的2倍以上,诱捕效果显著优于后者;三角形诱捕器与水瓶式诱捕器的诱捕效果间不存在显著差异;放置在树冠中部的诱捕器诱蛾量是树冠上部的2倍左右,诱捕效果显著优于后者;诱芯颜色及诱芯数量对诱蛾量无显著影响.本研究结果可为苹果蠹蛾的性信息素监测技术提供指导.     

二化螟性信息素应用技术:笼罩诱捕器和筒形诱捕器

除目前在我国普遍使用的水盆诱捕器 ,本文还介绍了两种诱捕器———笼罩诱捕器和筒形诱捕器。 3种诱捕器的诱蛾效果比较研究表明 :( 1 )笼罩诱捕器中使用铁纱所制的诱笼的诱蛾量较多 ,同时其锥体的锥角以 60°左右为宜 ;( 2 )筒形诱捕器的诱蛾量略高出笼罩诱捕器 ;( 3) 3种诱捕器中 ,水盆诱捕器的诱蛾效果较好 ,筒形诱捕器次之 ,而笼罩诱捕器较差。     

性诱盆与频振灯在棉铃虫成虫动态监测中的作用比较

20 0 1年在南疆棉区做了性信息素水盆诱捕器 (性诱盆 )和频振式杀虫灯 (频振灯 ,3 0W)对棉铃虫成虫诱捕效率的对比试验。结果表明 ,6个监测点平均 ,每日每只性诱盆和频振灯的诱蛾量分别为3 5 .4和 3 2 .3头 ,差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。在 1代成虫盛发的前期和中后期 ,性诱盆相对于频振灯的诱蛾量有先低后高的现象。考虑到经济性和可识别性等因素 ,作者认为在南疆监测棉铃虫成虫动态性诱盆优于频振灯     

性信息素、黑光灯和杨树枝把在棉铃虫成虫监测中的作用

1997年在南疆棉区 3个地点研究了性信息素、黑光灯和杨树枝把对棉铃虫成虫的诱捕效果。试验结果表明 ,性信息素笼罩诱捕器的诱蛾量分别是黑光灯和杨枝把的 9 5和 2 5 4倍 ,性信息素水盆诱捕器的诱蛾量是杨枝把的 1 4 4倍。经统计分析 ,以上倍数随发蛾量的增大有上升趋势 ,即在发蛾量大时性信息素的诱捕效果进一步提高。考虑到笼罩诱捕器的高效、稳定和简易 ,作者希望在我国尽快将其用于进行棉铃虫成虫的标准化监测。     

性信息素水盆诱捕器和黑光灯诱捕棉铃虫成虫数量的比较

棉铃虫 (Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ(Ｈ櫣ｂｎｅｒ) )已成为我国头号害虫 ,1 992年在华北棉区暴发 ,造成直接经济损失 1 0 0亿元 ,此后种群水平居高不下 ,严重威胁我国棉花的正常生产。为避免大面积防治失效 ,标准化测报是重要前提[1 ,2 ] 。根据目前我国棉铃虫测报标准化方法 ,黑光灯 ( 2 0Ｗ)诱蛾是成虫种群动态监测的主要手段 ,对越冬代更是唯一手段[3] 。然而 ,近年报道黑光灯在气温低时诱效低 ,前期诱蛾少 ,对防治指导性差[4] ,而全季性信息素(性诱剂 )水盆诱捕器的诱蛾效率均高于黑光灯[5] 。为进一步明确性信息素的监测…     

Using water bottles for trapping of Indianmeal moths in stored peanuts

Sticky traps baited with sex pheromone are the most common trapping devices used in monitoring of moth pests in food warehouses and food processing. However, these traps only capture males, and it is debatable whether captures of male moths can be used as spatio‐temporal indicators of hot spots of conspecific larvae (only larvae are responsible for damage to food products). Water has been documented as highly attractive to stored product moths, and here we present the first performance data on water bottles as monitoring devices. On average, water bottles caught 15 times more Indianmeal moths [Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)] than unbaited sticky traps and 74 times more moths than probe traps. We showed that hole size in water bottles had negligible effect on their trapping performance in a naturally infested peanut warehouse. Experimental evaluation of water loss over time showed that smaller holes dramatically reduced water evaporation (less frequent service required), and detergent can be added to the water to reduce moth decomposition without adversely affecting water attractiveness (trap performance). Trap captures of males and females were linearly correlated, and based on quantitative statistical analysis [Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE)], we showed that weekly captures of the two sexes were spatially correlated. The applied implications of using water bottles in improved IPM of moths in food facilities are discussed.     

Long-term seasonal abundance patterns of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Texas High Plains

Bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), male adult (moth) activities were monitored between 1982 and 1995 by using sex pheromone traps in the Texas High Plains. Moths were monitored weekly from early March to mid-November near Lubbock and Halfway, two prominent cotton production areas in the Texas High Plains region. Based on trap captures, the bollworm-budworm complex consisted of approximately 98% bollworms and approximately 2% tobacco budworms. Seasonal activity patterns varied between location for bollworm but not for tobacco budworm. The 14-yr average (+/- SE) bollworm moth abundance (moths per trap per week) at Lubbock was significantly higher (226.5 +/- 10.4) compared with that at Halfway (153.7 +/- 8.1). Correlation analyses showed a significant positive relationship between moth abundance and average weekly temperatures, whereas a significant negative relationship was observed between moth abundance and average weekly wind velocity for both species. Analyses also showed a positive correlation between moth abundance and cumulative degree-days (> 0.0 degrees C) from 1 January. A strong positive relationship was observed between moth abundance and weekly average precipitation for both species. Average weekly abundances were positively correlated between adjacent months during most of the active cotton fruiting season (June-September). However, the relationship between populations that contributed to the overwintering generation and the following spring populations varied between species and study sites. Nevertheless, data from this study indicated that late-season moth catches could be indicative of the dynamics of the early-season moth catches the following year in the High Plains. The mean population abundance curve based on 14-yr averages showed two bollworm population peaks at Lubbock, but only one peak at Halfway. Separate degree-day-based models were developed to describe long-term seasonal abundance patterns of bollworm moths for the Lubbock and Halfway sites.     

Pink bollworm moth （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） catches in the Imperial Valley, California from 1989 to 2003

We examined the patterns of male pink bollworm （PBW）, Pectinophora gossypiella （Saunders）, moth catches in gossyplure-baited traps over a 15-year period from 1989 to 2003 in the Imperial Valley, California, USA. Monitoring was conducted during periods when different pink bollworm areawide control strategies were being used. Numbers of male pink bollworm moths caught in gossyplure-baited traps progressively decreased each year from 1990 to 1994 during short-season cotton production. High numbers of male moths caught in traps from 1995 to 1997 may have been related to moth migrations from the large cotton acreages grown in the Mexicali Valley bordering the Imperial Valley. Transgenic Bollgard （Bt） cotton was planted in 3% of the cotton area in 1996 and thereafter in 80%- 94% of the cotton area from 1997 to 2003. Pink bollworm moth trap catches were significantly lower from 1998 to 2003 than catches in 1995 to 1997, except for 1999. The trapping results suggested that Bt cotton had significant input on reduction of pink bollworm populations, confirming results of other investigators and providing additional documentation on the benefits of the Bt cotton culture.     

Effects of routine late-season field operations on numbers of boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) captured in large-capacity pheromone traps

Flat and cylindrical adhesive boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), pheromone traps captured significantly more (P < or = 0.05) boll weevils than the Hercon (Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, PA) trap during the late cotton-growing season, and larger adhesive areas were associated with higher captures; a flat plywood board collected the most boll weevils because it had the largest surface area. The flat board trap, chosen for measuring large late-season adult boll weevil populations common to the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in 2000 and 2001, collected more (P < or = 0.05) weevils when deployed in proximity to natural and cultivated perennial vegetation, and mean numbers of captured boll weevils were higher (P < or = 0.0001) on the leeward sides of the board traps than on the windward sides. The board trap had an estimated potential capacity of approximately 27,800 boll weevils, and the large capacity of the board trap allowed for more accurate measurements of large adult boll weevil populations than the more limited Hercon trap. Measurement of adult boll weevil numbers after the routine field operations of defoliation, harvest, shredding, and stalk-pulling, demonstrated that large populations of boll weevils persist in cotton fields even after the cotton crop has been destroyed. Increases (P < or = 0.05) in the percentage variation of trapped boll weevils relative to the numbers collected just before each field operation were observed after defoliation, harvest, shredding, and stalk-pulling, but the percentage variations followed a quadratic pattern with significant correlation (P < 0.0001; 0.59 < adjusted r2 < 0.73). Numbers of adult boll weevils caught on board traps deployed at 15.24-m intervals on windward and leeward edges of cotton fields suggested that boll weevil populations in flight after field disturbances might be affected by large-capacity trapping.     

Evaluation of infestation percentage of cotton fields to the spiny bollworm,Earias insulana Boisduval (Lep.: Noctuidae), and its relationship with pheromone traps

Spiny bollworm, Earias insulana Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most important pest of malvaceous plants throughout the world, except America. In recent years, this insect has been serious pest for cotton fields in southern regions of Iran, especially Darab region of Fars province. In order to evaluate the performance of sex pheromone in reduction of infestation percentage of the spiny bollworm by mass trapping method, an experiment was carried out during year of 2012 in Darab region in Randomised Completely Block Design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were: application of the four sex pheromone trap densities at the rates of 16, 20, 24 and 30?traps/h, application of Larvin chemical insecticide at the rate of 1?L/h and control. Percentages of infected bolls and flowers to E. insulana were weekly determined. The application of Larvin insecticide performed as the pest population reached to economic threshold level. Analysis variance of results showed that there are significant differences between time, trap number and time?×?trap interaction on infestation percentage per hectare. During sampling time, the highest infestation percentage was in control treatment and the lowest one was observed in 30 and 24?traps/h treatments. The peak of infestation percentage was seen in 18th of November. The best efficiency among treatments was observed in pheromone trap. In conclusion, using sex pheromone trap in comparison to application of insecticides can efficiently reduce infestation level of cotton fields.     

Comparative efficacy of three suction traps for collecting phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in open habitats

The efficacy of three suction traps for trapping phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) was compared. Traps were baited with Co₂ and used without any light source. CO₂‐baited CDC traps were evaluated either in their standard downdraft orientation or inverted (iCDC traps). Mosquito Magnet‐X (MMX) counterflow geometry traps were tested in the updraft orientation only. Both updraft traps (iCDC and MMX) were deployed with their opening ～10 cm from the ground while the opening of the downdraft (CDC) trap was ～40 cm above ground. Comparisons were conducted in two arid locations where different sand fly species prevail. In the Jordan Valley, 3,367 sand flies were caught, 2,370 of which were females. The predominant species was Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi, Scopoli 1786 (>99%). The updraft‐type traps iCDC and MMX caught an average of 118 and 67.1 sand flies per trap night, respectively. The CDC trap caught 32.9 sand flies on average per night, significantly less than the iCDC traps. In the Judean desert, traps were arranged in a 3×3 Latin square design. A total of 565 sand flies were caught, 345 of which were females. The predominant species was P. (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti Parrot 1917 (87%). The updraft traps iCDC and MMX caught an average of 25.6 and 17.9 sand flies per trap per night, respectively. The CDC trap caught 7.8 sand flies on average per night, significantly less than the iCDC traps. The female to male ratio was 1.7 on average for all trap types. In conclusion, updraft traps deployed with their opening close to the ground are clearly more effective for trapping sand flies than downdraft CDC traps in open habitats.