中国毛白杨根癌土壤杆菌的类型和对土壤杆菌素敏感性的研究

从我国北方8个毛白杨根癌病发病苗圃分离到根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterlum tume[actena)8株。经质粒型、生物型、寄主范匿和对土壤秆菌素agfocin 84和D286的敏感性测定,证明5株系nopaline质粒型,其中生物I型2株,生物|I型2株,I—II中间型1株,3株系agroplne质粒型,其中生物I型2株,生物II型1株。所有分离菌株均系宽寄主群,其中1株经回接能侵染单子叶植物美人蕉(Canna inaiea),水仙(Narcissus)和吊兰(Chlorophytum)。分离菌株中,5株nopaIine质粒型菌榫对土壤杆菌素84敏感,3株agropine质粒和3株生物I型nopali 质粒菌株对土壤杆菌素])286敏感。在温室中,合并使用两种土壤杆菌素产生菌——放射土壤杆菌(A．Radiobaccer)K84和D286的菌体悬浮液,预浸毛白杨和向目荚幼苗根部 或与致病的毛白杨根癌土壤杆菌共接种枝茎,降低根瘟病诱发率达94％以上。表明放射土壤扦菌K84和D286可以控制毛白杨根癌病。     

中国小麦赤霉病菌优势种——禾谷镰刀菌产毒素能力的研究

试验测定了分离自中国小麦赤霉病常发生地区病麦穗上的47个禾谷镰刀菌(Fusariumgraminearum)菌株的产毒紊能力。结果表明,它们可以产生25种包括单端孢霉烯族化合物(Trichothecenes)、倍半萜类化合物(sesquiterpenes)、赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone)和丁烯羟酸内酯(Butenolide)等类的已知次生代谢物。这些菌株属于化学型 I,其中,来自我国温暖麦区的菌株都属化学型IA (deoxynivalenol,3-acetyl),并在气候冷凉地区发现化学型IB(de-oxynivalenol,15-acetyl)菌株。     

降解直链烷基苯磺酸钠真菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

从直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)污染土壤中分离到12株能降解LAS的真菌。经鉴定,它们分属于青霉属(Prnicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、帚霉属(Scopulariopsis)和头孢霉属(Cephalosporium)。研究了Aspergillus f-11降解LAS酶活诱导生成的条件及降解LAS的特点。还利用液相色谱对真菌和细菌降解LAS的产物进行了比较。     

安络小皮伞中水溶性多糖的研究I．甘露聚糖FP1的纯化与结构研究

从安络小皮伞水溶性多糖中分离纯化得一甘露聚糖FP1。分子量约为24万。经红外光谱、+H-NMR谱和亲和层析指明为β-甘露聚糖。结构分析采用高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、完全甲基化GC、GC—MS与13C—NMR分析,分子的主链是芦β-D-(1→6)连接的甘露糖,支链为β-(1→3),β(1→2)甘露糖,分别连接在主链的O-3和。O-2上。     

诺卡氏菌科分类的研究II．诺卡氏菌属中的两个新种和一个新变种

从我国各地的土壤中分离得到百余株诺卡氏菌形放线菌,其基丝形成横隔并断裂成秆状或球状体,细胞壁化学组份IV型,属于诺卡氏菌科诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)。经形态、培养特征及生理生化特性等鉴定为15个种。本文只报道其中两个新种及一个新变种：念球状诺卡氏菌(Noeaedia nostocoidea n. sp．);紫褐诺卡氏菌(Nocardta violaccofusca n. sp.);鲑色诺卡氏菌桔橙变种(Nocardia salmontcolor var. aurantiaca n. var.)。     

自辽东赤杨根瘤分离的弗兰克氏菌的分类研究

自辽东赤杨(41nus sibirica)的根瘸中分离得到AS,菌株。该菌株形成圆形或棒状孢囊和圆形泡囊。细胞壁化学组分lII型,糖型为D。不利用阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、甘油、麦芽糖、蔗糖、山梨醇和木糖。在S培养基中,菌的生长受Tweea一80和葡萄糖协同作用的影响,属于生理型B。DNA的G+c含量为77．34 mol(Tin)o 因此,该菌株定为Frankia gp-AS zo     

新疆青海中度嗜盐放线菌生物多样性初步研究

从我国新疆、青海等地采集数份盐碱土样或泥样,采用淀粉-酪素琼脂培养基、甘油天门冬酰胺琼脂培养基、土壤浸汁琼脂培养基分别从中分离到8株、32株中度嗜盐放线菌菌株。经形态、生理学特性与全细胞壁氨基酸组分分析结果比较,选取其中的14株进行16S rDNA序列分析。就物种多样性而言,新疆、青海分离到中度嗜盐放线菌分布至少有3个科,5个属。其中有拟诺卡氏菌科（Nocardiopsaceae）的拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis)和链单孢菌属（Streptomonospora）;假诺卡氏菌科(Pseudonocardiaceae)的普氏菌属(Prauserella)和糖单孢菌属(Saccharomonospora);链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae)的链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。就地区分布来讲,新疆分离到的中度嗜盐放线菌种类要远高于青海。     

古尼虫草的生物活性物质I含肽镇痛组分的分离及性质

用理化分离分析和生物检测方法相结合,从古尼虫草(Cordyceps gunnii(Berk.)Berk.)无性型,古尼拟青霉(Paecilomyces gunnii Liang)菌丝体中初步分离纯化得到镇痛物质,该物质经氨基酸组成分析表明是一种酸性氨基酸残基高的肽类物质。经不同温度、pH及蛋白酶的稳定性试验分析观察到这种肽类物质对酸稳定、在酸性条件下抗热,对胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶部分敏感,对蛋白酶K不敏感。经小鼠竖尾法和大鼠攻击法测定,无吗啡类药物依赖性。     

我国葡萄根癌土壤杆菌的生化型与质粒类型的初步研究

从我国内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、北京、山东等地采集的49份葡萄冠瘿标本中,分离到根痛土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefactens)67株,经鉴定有生化1型21株,生化II型4株,生化III型42株。葡萄根癌土壤杆菌中以生化ill型占优势。生化111型有97％、生化I型有24％的菌株能使葡萄或向日葵致瘤。鉴定了2S株生化l型和生化[I]型菌株所致冠瘿中的opines,其中有2株生化III型菌株合成nopaline,3株生化III型菌株合成精氨酸,其余菌株合成octopine。     

小单孢菌属分类的研究Ⅱ．两个小单孢菌新种

从我国一油田的土壤和北京动物园的石鸡粪便中,分离得到5株小单孢菌,经鉴定为两个新种,定名为黑色小单孢菌(Micromonospora nigra n. sp.)和棘孢棕色小单孢菌(Micromonosporaechinobrunnea n. sp. )。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.