意蜂和中蜂四种同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳分析了意蜂和中蜂的酯酶(Est)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(Idh)、苹果酸酶(Me)和苹果酸脱氢酶(Mdh)同工酶.两个蜂种的四种同工酶谱有不同程度的差别、意蜂酯酶Ⅳ和苹果酸脱氢酶Ⅲ是多态性的;中蜂的四种同工酶没有多态现象.     

趋磁细菌WD-1同工酶分析

趋磁细菌在微好氧和好氧条件下生长时,它们在酯酶、乙醇脱氢酶、过氧化物酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、苹果酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶和异柠檬酸脱氢酶等同工酶中具有明显不同的酶带或酶活性,呈现酶的多分子形态。     

黑鲷不同组织的9种同工酶谱

对黑鲷（Sparus macrocephalus）9种组织的9种同工酶采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺平板电泳技术进行研究。结果表明,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、醇脱氢酶（ADH）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、苹果酸酶（ME）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、酯酶（EST）、半乳糖脱氢酶（GAD）、甲酸脱氢酶（FDH）等酶在表型、分布和活性上组织特异性明显。还对眼和肠组织同工酶表达特性的生理意义进行了讨论。     

糖尿病大鼠肋间肌酶组织化学研究

目的探讨糖尿病早期肋间肌酶组织化学变化。方法应用酶组织化学方法观察糖尿病2周和4周大鼠肋间肌组织脱氢酶、水解酶和氧化酶活性变化。结果糖尿病2周大鼠肋间肌组织琥珀酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶和辅酶Ⅰ黄递酶活性较对照组增强,乳酸脱氢酶活性较对照组减弱,苹果酸脱氢酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、酸性-α-萘酸性酯酶和细胞色素氧化酶无变化。糖尿病4周大鼠肋间肌组织琥珀酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、辅酶Ⅰ黄递酶、酸性磷酸酶和酸性-α-萘酸性酯酶活性较对照组增强,乳酸脱氢酶和细胞色素氧化酶活性较对照组减弱,异柠檬酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶无变化。结论糖尿病2周大鼠肋间肌组织有氧氧化代谢能力增强,糖酵解能力减弱。糖尿病4周大鼠肋间肌组织有氧氧化能力增强、糖酵解能力减弱及能量代谢紊乱。在糖尿病早期呼吸肌存在代谢异常。     

秦岭地区大林姬鼠的酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳分析了大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)心、肝、脾、肾和腿肌的 α-酯酶,β-酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶。结果表明3种同工酶的活性在5种器官组织中均有明显差异,其中以肝组织的酯酶活性最高,不同器官组织的酶谱也有明显差别,如脾的β一酯酶仅有B区带,同一器官组织通常以α-酯酶活性高于β-酯酶。苹果酸脱氢酶在碱性溶液中染色,肝组织有明显的AB医。心肌与腿肌的苹果酸脱氢酶活性略高于其他组织。     

驼背鲈不同组织5种同工酶表达的差异

运用聚丙烯酰胺垂直梯度凝胶电泳法研究了驼背鲈(Cromileptes altivelis)6种组织(肌肉、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脑、脾脏)中的5种同工酶(酯酶、乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、苹果酸酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶),并对其同工酶位点及其酶谱表型进行了分析。结果表明,驼背鲈的5种同工酶系统具有不同程度的组织特异性。酯酶检测到3条酶带,由3个基因座位编码。乳酸脱氢酶检测到5条酶带,由3个基因座位编码,其中C位点具有组织特异性。苹果酸脱氢酶检测到3条酶带,由1个基因座位编码,6组织均有相同的3条酶带,组织差异性不显著,而且只发现了上清液型,线粒体型的苹果酸脱氢酶没有发现。苹果酸酶有4条酶带,由2个基因座位编码。天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶在6种组织都有发现,只有一条酶带。     

秦岭地区大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)的酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳分析了大林姬属(Apodemus peninsulae)心、肝、脾、肾和腿肌的α—酯酶、β—酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶。结果表明3种同工酶的活性在5种器官组织中均有明显差异,其中以肝组织的酯酶活性最高;不同器官组织的酶谱也有明显差别,如脾的β—酯酶仅有B区带;同一器官组织通常以α—酯酶活性高于β—酯酶。苹果酸脱氢酶在碱性溶液中染色,肝组织有明显的AB区。心肌与腿肌的苹果酸脱氢酶活性略高于其他组织。     

宽叶韭种内分化的同工酶及可溶性蛋白的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）对宽叶韭的３个代表居群内不同植株间的过氧化物酶、酯酶和１６个居群间的酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＸ）、葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ６ＰＤＨ）、苹果酸酶（ＭＥ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）、天冬氨酸转移酶（ＡＡＴ）、腺苷三磷酸酶（ＡＴＰａｓｅ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）８种同工酶系统以及可溶性蛋白进行了分析。结果发现：居群内不同植株的酶谱无差异;居群间的酶谱存在多态性,酶谱差异明显,且各居群均有其特征酶谱。采用“排序”方法和聚类分析,对宽叶韭１６个居群酶谱的相似系数和酶谱距离进行了研究。同工酶谱表型差异彼此显著的３个代表居群的可溶性蛋白双向电泳图谱也表现出明显差异,印证了同工酶的分析结果。结合细胞学的最新核型证据,从生物化学角度确定了这１６个居群间的亲缘关系和彼此的分化程度。结果表明：宽叶韭明显分为两大类,即冬季不倒苗和冬季倒苗两类,在同一类型中各居群之间彼此近缘,且冬季不倒苗的类型分化程度较高。本研究首次将多种同工酶的综合分析与聚类分析及可溶性蛋白双向电泳用于葱属植物的种内分化研究,为植物分子进化和系统学研究提供了科学依据     

三种鲫鱼品系同工酶比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术,对彭泽鲫、银鲫D系以及野鲫三种鲫鱼品系的心、肝和肾脏组织的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、苹果酸酶(ME)、酯酶(EST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶表型进行了比较研究.结果表明彭泽鲫乳酸脱氢酶同工酶比银鲫D系在肝组织多出二条酶带(LDH7'和LDH8');超氧化物歧化酶在心和肾组织中分别多出一条酶带(SOD12'),表明彭泽鲫和银鲫已在生化水平产生明显的分化,推测它们可能起源于不同的地区,由不同的祖先,独立演化而形成.此外,彭泽鲫和银鲫D系的同工酶电泳图谱都包含野鲫的基本酶带,而彭泽鲫和野鲫的酯酶同工酶电泳图谱尤为相似,推测彭泽鲫和银鲫可能起源于野鲫,而彭泽鲫和野鲫的关系较近,银鲫和野鲫的关系较远.     

近交系剑尾鱼的遗传生化标记研究

目的通过研究对RR-B、RW-H、BY-F三个近交系和非选育剑尾鱼的研究比较,建立近交系剑尾鱼的遗传生化标记检测技术。方法依照国标GB／T14927.1-2008的遗传操作规程优化实验条件,对三个近交品系及非选育群剑尾鱼的不同组织的6个遗传生化位点进行研究,以得到其遗传生化图谱。结果在6个生化位点中,同一品系剑尾鱼同工酶存在组织特异性,多数同工酶在肝中活性较强。同一生化位点在不同品系间存在差异。RR-B系在葡萄糖磷酸异构酶（Gpi）、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（Gpd）位点表现出特异性条带,RW-H系在过氧化氢酶（Ce）位点表现出特异性条带。同一生化位点在各品系内表现较为一致,而在非选育剑尾鱼中在上述三个生化位点表现出多态性。在酯酶（ES）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）位点,各品系谱带不易区分其差异。结论建立了剑尾鱼近交系生化标记检测技术,可望用于近交系剑尾鱼的遗传质量监测。     

Characterization of Enterobacter cloacae and E. sakazakii by electrophoretic polymorphism of acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate, lactate and malate dehydrogenases

Acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate, lactate and malate dehydrogenases of 34 strains of Enterobacter cloacae and 22 strains of Enterobacter sakazakii were analysed by horizontal polyacrylamide agarose gel electrophoresis and by isoelectrofocusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gel. The two species could be separated on the basis of distinct electrophoretic patterns of all enzymes analysed. Glutamate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were detected exclusively in E. cloacae, whereas esterase bands were more intensively stained in E. sakazakii. For each species, two zymotypes could be distinguished, on the basis of electrophoretic mobilities of malate dehydrogenase and banding patterns of esterase for E. cloacae, and by both isoelectric point and electrophoretic mobilities of an esterase and of lactate and malate dehydrogenases for E. sakazakii. The high degree of enzyme polymorphism within the two species permitted precise identification of strains. The variations in electrophoretic patterns might therefore provide useful epidemiological markers.     

斯氏并殖吸虫乳酸脱氢酶,苹果酸脱氢酶及酯酶同工酶的研究

本文采用Disc-PAGE电泳,首次对我国独有的斯氏并殖吸虫(Paragonimus skrjabini Chen,1959)成虫、童虫、囊蚴的乳酸脱氢酶(以下简称LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(以下简称MDH)和酯酶(以下简称EST)同工酶进行了研究。 在成虫、童虫、囊蚴间,LDH、MDH、EST同工酶在酶带数、排列型式、Rf值、相对活性和优势酶带的位置都存在差异。 根据虫体和宿主组织同工酶谱的不同,可以认为是本虫本身所具有。 同工酶作为其分类指标时,不仅要比较不同虫种成虫稳定的同工酶谱,也要比较同工酶在个体发育型式间的差异。     

Isozymal differention between two species of Prosopis

The patterns of five multilocus isozyme systems were investigated in seed, shoot and cotyledon tissue of two species of mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa and P. pallida. The isozymes of malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase from each of these tissues were analysed by starch gel electrophoresis and specific histochemical stains. In the case of each enzyme system examined, there were distinctly different isozymes which could be utilized to differentiate between these two species.     

The genetic basis of adaptation to selection for longevity inDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Analysis of electrophoretic loci shows that at least four differences exist in isozymes of long- and short-lived populations ofD. melanogaster, descended by selection from a common ancestral stock. Adults of longlived populations differ in gene dosage of phosphoglucomutase (PGM), NAD malate dehydrogenase (MHD), NADP malic enzyme (ME) and by additional mobility variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Larvae, however, differ only by variants of G6PD. The differences in these enzymes, considered together with the greater flight endurance that long-lived populations have shown elsewhere, suggest that increased glycogen synthesis plays a significant role in the improved life span of selected populations. Adaptation to selection for increased life span may, therefore, derive from an improved ability to use dietary sucrose in the media provided. The distribution of electrophoretic loci agrees with the results of a study indicating the position of genetic elements contributing to life span.     

Electrophoretic variation in glutamate dehydrogenase and other isozymes in wild carrot cells cultured in the presence and absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Summary Electrophoretic analysis of isozymal differences was performed with extracts of wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells, grown in the presence and absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). There were no differences in the patterns of malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transferase. Quantitative differences in peroxidase isozymes were detected, the plus 2,4-D cultures having lower activities. Esterase patterns were similar, but there were differences in individual isozyme activities and an additional form present in the minus 2,4-D cells. the greatest differences were in patterns of glutamate dehydrogenase with the minus 2,4-D cultures containing only the slowly migrating isozymes. The changes in glutamate dehydrogenase, as revealed by isozyme changes, together with the requirement for ammonia in embryogenesis, suggests that this enzyme may be associated with differentiation in wild carrot cells.     

Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme: Mendelian inherited electrophoretic variants in the mouse

Malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme each possess supernatant and mitochondrial molecular forms which are structurally and genetically independent. We describe electrophoretic variants of the mitochondrial enzymes of malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in mice. Progeny testing from genetic crosses indicated that the genes which code for mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were not inherited maternally but as independent unlinked nuclear autosomal genes. The locus for mitochondrial malic enzyme was located on linkage group I. Linkage analysis with a third mitochondrial enzyme marker, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, showed that the nuclear genes which code for the three mitochondrial enzymes were not closely linked to each other. This evidence suggests that clusters of nuclear genes coding for mitochondrial function are unlikely in mice.Supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants 5F2 HD-35,531 and GM-09966.     

乳酸脱氢酶与酯酶同工酶同板染色法

介绍一种在同一块凝胶板上染乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)与酯酶(EST)的染色方法. 该同板染色法利用两种同工酶显色反应互不干扰和颜色不同的特点, 先染LDH, 后染EST, 可以在同一块胶板上得到两种同工酶清晰的酶带, 每一种酶的酶带与单板染色的酶带完全一样. 这种染色法, 能节省同工酶分析所需的试剂、时间和经费, 也便于样品的鉴定与比较, 是一种经济有效的方法. 此方法, 同样适用于苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)与酯酶等同工酶的同板染色.     

Genetic Analysis of Isozyme Loci in Adenophora potaninii Korsh.

Enzyme polymorphism in Adenophora potaninii Korsh. was investigated using vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Genetic analysis of the population samples and the progeny of intraspecific crosses allowed the verification of the isozyme loci from eight enzyme systems. The system studies included aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), esterase (EST). formate dehydrogenase (FDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malic enzyme (ME) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results indicated that the eight enzyme systems are specified by at least 18 loci, 12 of which behaved as al|ozyme loci. Zymogram patterns showed that EST is monomeric and GDH is hexameric. AAT, FDH, IDH and SOD are apparently dimeric. The tissue and developmental variability are also discussed along with the genetic analysis of isozymes.