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1.
宁夏野生食用植物资源的调查与信息数据库的建立   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过野外调查与室内工作相结合,对宁夏野生食用植物资源进行调查与统计,建立宁夏野生食用植物资源数据库,并提出了宁夏野生食用植物资源开发和利用存在的问题。结果初步调查到宁夏野生食用资源植物共计74科186属348种10类,其中饮料及野果类植物与野菜植物具有一定的开发潜力,应该在这些野生食用资源植物中进行进一步的筛选,最终主要集中于人工驯化与栽培上。此外针对宁夏野生食用植物资源开发和利用面临的问题,需加强对宁夏野生食用植物资源状况的调查,并进行深入的研究,在前面所做的基础研究上,筛选特色的野生食用资源植物进行合理的开发和利用,之后对筛选出的野生食用资源植物进行人工栽培等工作,在土地可持续利用的前提下,研究野生食用资源植物与其他栽培作物间作的模式,同时在发展过程中通过收集珍贵濒危野生植物资源植物的种质资源,而对其加以保护。  相似文献   

2.
目的:调查分析山东省烟台市野生蔷薇科植物资源现状,为该地区野生植物资源开发、利用和保护提供科学依据。方法:采用野外实地调查、植物标本采集、文献分析等方法,统计分析烟台市野生蔷薇科植物资源种类、功能、区系等内容。结果:山东省烟台市共调查到野生蔷薇科植物21属63种(包括变种),其中珍稀濒危植物9种。调查到的植物以木本植物为主,主要分布于山区丘陵。委陵菜属所含植物种数最多。植物功能多样,按所涉及植物种数由多到少排序,依次为:药用植物、食用植物、观赏植物、果木植物、鞣料植物、油脂植物。属的地理成分以温带区系占优势,共19属。结论:山东省烟台市野生蔷薇科植物资源丰富,植物功能多样,可进行合理的利用。但是部分植物分布范围和数量持续减少,应进行及时科学的保护。  相似文献   

3.
经过调查研究,历山国家自然保护区有菊科野生食用植物22属、30种,分别占该保护区菊科野生植物总属数的50.00%、总种数的38.46%。该保护区菊科野生食用植物均为一、二年生或多年生草本植物,且都兼有药用功效,食用部位以嫩茎叶为主。并对该保护区菊科野生食用植物资源的开发利用提出了建议。  相似文献   

4.
鄂尔多斯高原蒙古族食用野生植物传统知识的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
运用民族植物学"5W+1H"提问法,结合访谈方法和野外调查进行编目,研究了鄂尔多斯高原蒙古族食用野生植物的传统知识。结果:1)鄂尔多斯蒙古族传统食用植物22科32属50种,其中野生粮用植物14种、野生蔬菜13种、野果植物18种、野果酒植物3种、野生调味植物5种、野生薰净植物2种、催化乳制品植物1种。2)鄂尔多斯蒙古族野生食用植物传统知识包括7个方面,其中用植物薰净和消毒奶食器具的传统知识、用冷蒿催化加速油脂成分从奶子中分离的传统知识是蒙古族植物饮食文化的创新。具有鲜明的民族特色、简单、快捷的"果实+奶食"酿果酒文化,能够说明蒙古族祖先在生产实践中掌握了开发和利用植物资源的更高水平的技术和文化。食用芨芨草颖果、选用中间锦鸡儿韧皮部和白沙蒿的果实做面食粘合剂的传统知识是区域特色的文化。3)因生态环境条件的不同,山区、沙区、盐渍区和丘陵区蒙古族牧民的传统食用植物知识表现出多样性,反映了生态环境条件的多样性。4)鄂尔多斯蒙古族野生食用植物传统知识丰富了蒙古族饮食文化,对蒙古族文化的发展做出了贡献。开展搜集、研究、保护和科学分析鄂尔多斯蒙古族植物传统知识的工作,将对社会经济的可持续发展产生十分积极的直接影响。  相似文献   

5.
金平周期性集市野生食用植物资源的民族植物学   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
非木材林产品的采集和利用,既关系到当地群众生活状况,也与当地生物多样性保护和可持续发展密切相关.运用关键人物访谈和参与式观察等民族植物学研究方法对金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县境内的6个主要周期性集市中一类重要的非木材林产品--野生食用植物资源进行了系统调查.结果显示:研究地区集市中常见野生食用植物35种,分属于27科,其中苏木科(8.57%)和桑科'(8.57%)等植物比例较大;主要包括野生蔬菜(82.85%)、野生水果(14.29%)和野生食用染料(2.86%);蔬菜以乔木的幼嫩枝叶(34.29%)和草本植物的地上部分(25.71%)为主;表现出种类与周边地区高度的相似性、使用部位和用途类型具有明显的季节性、单位摊位种类数量和市场价格较低等特点.女性在野生食用植物的采集与销售过程中占有极其重要的地位.市场的地理位置对当地群众的野生食用植物资源利用强度有一定的影响,不同民族对野生食用植物的利用强度也表现出一定的差异.野生食用植物在当地群众的经济收入中占有比较小的地位.从目前研究地区对野生食用植物的利用情况看,采集和销售野生食用植物资源并未对当地生物多样性产生巨大影响.  相似文献   

6.
广东佛山维管植物资源调查与分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文报道广东省佛山市维管植物概况。据调查统计,佛山共有维管植物239科832属1813种。其中蕨类植物40科63属96种,裸子植物13科28属41种,被子植物278科979属1676种。在佛山市野生植物中,药用植物421种、食用植物100种、芳香植物24种、油脂植物61种、纤维植物61种、淀粉植物8种、树脂植物1种、鞣料植物30种、色素植物8种、材用植物90种、观赏植物123种。佛山市有野生的国家级重点保护植物15种,列入珍稀濒危和红色名录的种类有金毛狗Cibotium barometz、桫椤Alsophila spinulosa等20种。结合佛山市自然和社会条件特点,对佛山市植物资源的开发利用和保护提出建议。  相似文献   

7.
采用样方与沿途记录的方式,调查西双版纳橡胶林下植物物种多样性。以此为基础,通过相关文献资料及结合当地传统利用方式对该林下食用植物资源的种类组成、性状、食用类别等进行统计分析。结果表明:西双版纳橡胶林下食用植物资源共计66科141属169种,占资源植物总科数的66.67%,总属数的46.84%,总种数的40.82%;169种食用植物资源可划分为8大食用类别,其中野蔬类的占绝大多数,有80种,占食用植物资源总种数的47.34%;性状以草本类为主,有77种,占食用植物资源总种数的45.56%。  相似文献   

8.
为探究吉林省查干湖地区植物资源组成及其区系特征,对查干湖地区野生维管植物的资源组成、生活型谱、水分生态类型及区系地理成分进行分析研究。结果表明,吉林查干湖地区共有野生维管植物578种,隶属于79科283属,其中包括蕨类植物2科2属4种,裸子植物2科2属2种,被子植物75科279属572种;其生活型谱可划分为5种类型,以多年生草本植物为主,共364种植物,占物种总数的62.98%;水分生态类型可划分为8种类型,以典型中生植物为主,共267种植物,约占物种总数的46.19%;植物区系地理成分划分为10个一级分布区类型,以东古北极分布种为主,共189种植物,约占物种总数的32.70%;查干湖地区野生维管植物可划分为食用植物、药用植物、饲用植物、纤维植物、观赏植物、生态功能植物、有毒植物、其它资源植物共8种类型,其中药用植物资源最为丰富,约占物种总数的76.12%。研究表明,吉林查干湖地区野生维管植物资源丰富,物种组成、生活型谱、水分生态类型以及地理区系均具有明显的多样性,通过对区域内植物资源的全面梳理和系统分析,为该地区的野生植物资源保护及合理利用提供重要的科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
湘西苗族聚居地野生食用植物种类调查初报   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用查阅文献资料与实地调查相结合的方法,对湘西苗族聚居地的野生食用植物种类进行调查,并对苗族饮食文化进行相关研究。结果表明,湘西苗族聚居地共有野生食用植物104种,隶属于43科67属,其饮食文化内容丰富,形式多样。在综合分析其食用价值的基础上。对湘西野生食用植物的保护和综合利用以及湘西苗族饮食文化的继承发扬提出了相关建议。  相似文献   

10.
中国天山野果林种子植物组成及资源状况分析   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
中国天山野果林种子植物共计60科237属435种,种类组成趋向于集中在少数科内,区系优势现象相当明显,反映出野果林自然环境的特殊性与区系的过渡性。在这些植物种类中有国家重点保护植物9种、中国珍稀濒危保护植物3种、自治区重点保护植物9种;林区野生植物资源非常丰富,统计结果表明:野生果树40种、食用植物30种、饲用植物以种、蜜源植物111种、观赏植物132种、香料植物如种、药用植物131种。文中对各类资源植物的特征进行了分析和讨论,并就野果林的保护及可持续利用提出建议。  相似文献   

11.
The edible wild plants are greatly valued throughout the Himalayan region and serve as an important source of food for indigenous communities. This paper describes the botanical richness, elevational distribution and dietary use of the edible wild plant resources from the Sikkim Himalaya (Eastern Himalaya), many with promising potential. A total of 190 wild plant species have been screened from the Sikkim Himalaya, this derived from 143 genera and 78 families and accounting for nearly 15% of total edible wild plants resources of India. Of the total, 65% were edible for their fruits, 22% for leaves/shoots, 7% for flowers and 3% for roots/ rhizomes. Nearly 91 wild edible species were recorded from low-hills, 70 from mid-hills and 28 species from high-hill areas. Within Sikkim state, the North and East districts represent maximum diversity of edible wild plants due to the wilderness and inaccessibility to most of the habitats. An average rural family annually consumes nearly 8 types of edible wild plants, and a few species provide over five meals in a season. Selected plants also form a source of earning to a few families that sell them in local markets. It is suggested that the high diversity of edible plants needs to be conserved for future use. Some species may be grown in traditional agroforestry systems and on marginal lands of otherwise low agricultural value. Such measures may help protect wild plant resources in their natural habitats.  相似文献   

12.
Edible Wild Plant Use in a Mapuche Community of Northwestern Patagonia   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Mapuche Indians have a long tradition of using edible wild resources. The people of Rams (Neuquén, Argentina) consider themselves descendants of the Pehuenches, an Indian group that once inhabited the Pehuén forest region. They now live in the steppe, far away from the forest. Our primary interests are how this community uses edible resources and in analyzing which plants are still utilized. We conducted an ethnobotanical study, which consisted in interviewing several Mapuche families and collecting plants with their help. Ecological variables of plant use, such as search cost, handling time, and nutritional content, were analyzed from the perspective of Optimal Foraging Theory. Our results indicate that the Rams inhabitants have a thorough understanding of their environment, expressed in a selective gathering of wild resources. Cost and benefit trade-offs seem to be considered when edible plants are collected.  相似文献   

13.
This paper presents data on marketing, value addition and management concerns of the wild edible plants of the Sikkim Himalaya. At least 23 weekly markets, locally called ‘ Hats ’, have been identified in the state, and three markets, viz. Gangtok, Namchi and Singtam, were studied in detail, for one year, with reference to the availability, quantity sold and retailers involved with the marketing of wild edible species. A total of 44 wild edible species have been recorded to be sold annually in the three markets. Among all the species,Spondias axillaris was sold in highest quantity and more retailers were involved in its business than for any other wild edible plant. Other important species wereMachilus edulis, Diplazium esculentum, Eleagnus latifolia,Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Agaricus and Baccaurea sapida. The rural economics of wild edible plants is estimated to be some 140 tons per annum, and the prices for various species have increased over the years. At Gangtok, prices increased 3 to 6 times from 1981 to 1996–1997. Analysis of the field data showed that the wild edible plants were an important source of income to the plant dwellers and subsistence for farm families. Value addition was done to a few wild edible species, and cost-benefit analysis showed that the income from the fruits could be increased by at least 3–5 times after making pickles, squash and jam. It was recorded that plant dwellers have open access for the collection of these plant resources, which often leads to their over exploitation, and the local state government at present lacks policies and strategies for protecting and promoting wild edible plants in any of its programs. It is suggested that suitable conservation practices and policies need to be formulated to conserve these plants in the wild habitats within the state.  相似文献   

14.
We report the first ethnobotanical study of wild and semi-wild food plants used by the inhabitants of the villages of Bali. Considering the urgent need to avoid the loss of this traditional knowledge, 50 informants from 13 “Bali Aga” villages across four districts were selected for our field investigation. Ethnobotanical data were collected through different interview methods (direct observation, semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, individual discussions, focus-group discussions, and questionnaires). The 86 recorded species belonging to 41 families and 68 genera, including angiosperms (82) and pteridophytes (4), are categorized as wild (33) and semi-wild (53), of which 63.64% are native to Malesian, Indian, and Indochinese. Wild and semi-wild edible plants play an important role in providing the Balinese with various essential nutrients. Fourteen species (16.28%) are also used medicinally. In recent years, with the growth of the tourist industry, the wild habitats of edible plants have been severely impacted. Traditional knowledge related to wild and semi-wild edible plants is also endangered. Therefore, the management of these resources and the preservation of biodiversity along with indigenous knowledge are of primary importance.  相似文献   

15.
The Mapuche communities of Argentina and Chile have a vast knowledge of useful plants from temperate forests of Patagonia. However, present processes of transculturation and uprooting seem to have caused a decline in wild plant gathering. This is a case study of a Mapuche community that now lives far away from the forests that their ancestors inhabited. Nineteen families from the Rams Mapuche community (83% of the total population) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, with the aim of finding out which edible wild species are known and still used, and what factors, according to the people perception, have caused the decline. People mentioned a total of 49 edible wild plants including four types of resources: Araucaria araucana seeds, the fruits and roots of bushes and herbs, and leaves of edible weeds. Factors such as the difficulty access to forests which no longer belong to them, drought and soil deterioration from overgrazing were indicated by people acting negatively on the preservation of the knowledge of plants in the younger generations.  相似文献   

16.
The multiple use of distinct ecological environments in the search for wild resources has been practiced since ancestral times in aboriginal communities inhabiting northwestern Patagonia. This paper examines the actual use and knowledge of wild edible plants in a Mapuche community presently settled in one of the most arid areas of Patagonia, far from the temperate forests where their ancestors used to live. The difference between knowledge of and use of wild plants is analyzed emphasizing that these differences could contribute to the understanding of eroding processes believed to be occurring in the community. These objectives are studied quantitatively by utilizing ethnobotanical indices, partially derived from ecological theory. Our results indicate that the Paineo dwellers still utilize multiple ecological gathering environments and have thorough plant knowledge of both native and exotic species. The Andean forest, more than 50km away from this community, is the environment from which the Paineo dwellers know the greatest total richness and the highest diversity of wild edible plants, followed by the Monte–Steppe species and lastly, those growing around their homes. The transmission of wild edible plant knowledge in the Paineo community diminishes with age, and the forest plants are the most vulnerable to loss. Our results have shown that the knowledge and consumption of wild edible plants follows a pattern according to ecological conditions of the gathering environments, as well as the cultural heritage of the Paineo people.  相似文献   

17.
We have compared edible plant richness, diversity and differential patterns of use in two Mapuche communities of Argentina. The populations of Rams and Cayulef are located in a herbaceous steppe, far from the temperate forests of northwestern Patagonia where their ancestors lived in the past. Ecological concepts and methods, such as diversity indices, niche breadth and optimal foraging theory have been used in this comparative study. Our results indicate that the diversity of wild plants used in Rams and Cayulef is associated with the variety of gathering environments they visit. When comparing diversity indices among the three environments within each community, in Cayulef we found the highest diversity indices for steppe species and the lowest for forest plants. In contrast, in Rams the niche breadth is similar in all environments, indicating an ample exploration and use of edible wild plants. Cost and benefit trade-offs seem to be considered in both communities when edible plants are collected. Nevertheless, we found that the people from Rams not only utilize a greater richness of wild plants than the Cayulef people, but also use more nutritious resources, spend more time traveling to the gathering sites and a longer handling time in preparing these edible plants. This study has quantitatively shown that the restricted access to Pehuen forest (Araucaria araucana) is the main factor which seems to limit wild plant diversity used in these Mapuche communities.  相似文献   

18.
为了摸清云南省菜食花植物资源种类、自然分布与食用地区、食用方法等土著知识,对云南省16个地州102个县(市)农贸市场、地方菜餐馆、民间食花者进行了访问调查,对菜食花植物进行了植物学实地鉴定。调查到云南省菜食花植物140种,隶属52科108属,其中木本植物82种,草本植物58种;人工栽培76种,人工驯化栽培14种,野生资源50种。首次报道苦绳(Dregea sinensis Hemsl.)、云南山楂(Crataegus scabrifolia(Franch.)Rehder)、滇海水仙花(Primula pseudodenticulata Pax)、长毛黄葵(Abelmoschus crinitus Wall.)、尖叶美容杜鹃(Rhododendron caloplytum var.openshawianum(Rehd.et Wils.)Chamb.)、大纽子花(Vallaris indecora(Baill.)Tsiang et P.T.Li)、大花虫豆(Cajanus grandiflorus(Benth.ex Baker)Maesen Vaniot der Maesen)、须弥葛(Pueraria wallichii DC.)、白花灯笼(Clerodendrum fortunatum L.)等9种植物的花可以做菜食用。菜食花植物自然分布区与食用地区并非完全重叠,食用地区一般分布有该植物,而分布有该植物的地区不一定食用;食用种类具有从南向北逐渐减少的特点,与食花植物丰富度和少数民族有一定的关系;食花习俗具有一定的民族性,主要体现食花的种类和烹饪口味上。不同菜食花食用的部位不同,烹饪方式也呈多样化。本文针对食用花传统文化的消失与野生菜食花资源的开发利用提出了相关建议。  相似文献   

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