兽疫链球菌原生质体激光诱变及高产菌株筛选*

探索了透明质酸 (Hyaluronicacid)产生菌—兽疫链球菌 (Streptococcuszooepidemicus)原生质体制备与再生的最佳条件。研究了酶浓度、酶解时间、高渗液的选择、预处理及高渗预培养等因素的影响。确定了最佳条件为 :经 12%甘氨酸预处理及高渗预培养共同作用2h后 ,用 5 0U mL溶菌酶 ,在NaCl高渗体系中 ,于 39℃作用 60min。在此条件下 ,原生质体形成率可达 94.6% ,再生率可达18.5 %。用不同功率的He Ne激光照射不同时间诱变原生质     

碱性普鲁兰酶产生菌的原生质体制备与诱变选育

研究报道了Bacillus sp SX—12原生质体制备与再生最佳条件。实验表明,在液体完全培养基中加入2％的甘氨酸培养10h,原生质体制备最佳条件为：溶菌酶浓度0．5mg／mL,酶解温度37℃,酶解时间1．5h时原生质体形成率为93．8％。原生质体形成最佳高渗稳定剂为甘露醇,再生率26．4％。在原生质体制备的最佳条件下,用紫外线诱变技术选育产碱性普鲁兰酶的高产菌株。筛选到1株高产菌株SX—12C87,酶活由出发菌株的2．42μ／mL提高到6．87μ／mL,提高了约1．8倍。     

茁芽短梗霉原生质体激光诱变及高产菌株筛选

目的：通过普鲁兰(pullulan)产生菌-茁芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium Pullulans)原生质体的激光诱变,以得到普鲁兰高产菌株。方法：利用正交实验研究了茁芽短梗霉原生质体的制备与再生并确定了其最佳条件为：菌体以1％的甘氨酸预处理;在0．1mol／L pH 6．0柠檬酸一柠檬酸钠缓冲液,含0．7mol／L NaCl的高渗稳定液中;经蜗牛酶0．2％、纤维素酶0．1％、溶菌酶0．2％的混合酶酶解15min。采用He-Ne激光诱变茁芽短梗霉原生质体筛选得到普鲁兰高产菌株J208,其蔗糖转化率达到53．3％,是原始菌株的10．6倍。结论：用激光诱变茁芽短梗霉原生质体是获得普鲁兰高产菌株的新途径。     

利用原生质体诱变育种选育富硒能力强的酵母菌株

利用原生质体诱变育种技术选育富硒能力强的酵母菌株,从13株啤酒酵母中筛选出一株富硒量高的诱变出发菌株,采用溶壁酶进行破壁,确定了原生质体制备的最适条件为酶浓度1g／100mL,酶解处理时间为120min,原生质体形成率为95．2％,再生率为21．8％,诱变后筛选出富硒量为821mg／kg,酵母干菌体收获量为0．88g／100mL的酵母菌Al。     

紫杉醇产生菌Nodulisporium sylviforme原生质体诱变研究

对酶系组成、pH、酶解温度和酶解时间等影响树状多节孢原生质体制备和再生的因素和原生质体诱变进行了研究。结果表明 ,原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件为 :用pH5.5～ 6.0的0.7mol/LNaCl配制由 3%溶壁酶 + 3%蜗牛酶 + 1 %的溶菌酶 + 3%纤维素酶组成的复合酶系 ( 1ml酶液/2 5 0mg湿菌体 ) ,在 30℃恒温水浴条件下酶解 6h ;然后 ,将获得的原生质体过滤洗涤后 ,在含0.7mol/ LNaCl的PDA再生培养基上 ,采用双层平板培养法再生制备到的原生质体。树状多节孢紫杉醇产生菌原生质体诱变的最佳条件为 :30w紫外灯、距离 30cm、照射 5 0s;UV + 0.6%LiCl复合诱变、照射时间 40s,诱变菌株经初筛和复筛 ,选出了两株高产紫杉醇的原生质体诱变菌株———UV_40-19和UL_50-6,其产量从出发菌株紫杉醇的产量 ( 314.07μg /L)分别提高至 376.38μg/L和392.63μg/L。     

克鲁维酵母高渗培养与原生质体制备与再生

研究了高渗预培养条件对克鲁维酵母Ｙ０３４原生质体形成与再生的影响。结果表明,同等条件下,经高渗预培养的原生质体再生率为常规培养的１．７倍,为改造菌株遗传特性而制备高活性原生质体探索了新的途径。     

酿酒酵母缺陷型原生质体的形成再生及融合条件的探讨

营养缺陷型作为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces Cerevisiae)单倍体融合亲株的遗传标记。采用营养缺陷型LY—2和LY—4菌侏的对数生长前期的细胞,在0.5％的蜗牛酶作用时间40分钟,0.7MKCl高渗稳定剂的条件下,制备原生质体。两亲株的原生质体形成率分别为98.2％和91.0％。原生质体再生率为6.12％和2.13％。两亲株的原生质体在35％聚乙二醇(PEG, M.W.6000),50mMCaCl_2下诱导融合15分钟,在基本培养基上长出营养互补的融合菌株,融合频率为4.14x10_(-4)。本文就两亲株的原生质体形成和再生条件进行了初步的探讨,并进行了原生质体融合的尝试,     

芽孢杆菌原生质体的形成和质粒转化的研究

测定了芽孢杆菌属中21个种、68个菌株的原生质体形成率。在高渗缓冲液(SMMP 或SMN)中,原生质体形成率在90％以上的有37株。降低高渗缓冲液中钠离子浓度,有利于原生质体的形成。用质粒(pUB 110或pC194) DNA对16株芽孢杆菌的原生质体进行了转化试验。转化成功的共8株：纳豆芽孢杆菌AS 1.107、AS 1.921、幼虫芽孢杆菌AS 1．430、球芽孢杆菌AS 1.1362、迟缓芽孢杆菌#50、苏云金芽孢杆菌松蠋亚种AS 1．294、地衣芽孢杆菌# 18和坚强芽孢杆菌#28。原生质体在DM3再生培养基上的再生率分别为0．1％一19．2％,转化效率分别为1．4×102一1．0×105转化子／μgDNA。转化效率低或未转化成功的菌株,其原生质体的再生率一般都很低或不能再生,有的菌株在形成原生质体后发生自溶。     

链霉菌11371原生质体的制备与再生

为选育链霉菌11371的高产Tetramycin菌株,摸索该菌株的原生质体的制备与再生。结果表明,链霉菌11371原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件为菌丝生长培养液中甘氨酸浓度为0．7％,培养温度为28℃,培养时间为42h,溶菌酶浓度为3mg／mL,酶解温度为37℃,酶解时间为90min。最佳再生培养基为R2YE培养基。     

基于微电极阵列的微生物电融合

利用自主研制的梳状交叉微电极阵列细胞电融合芯片系统,研究微生物电融合。在酶解浓度1．5％、酶解温度33℃、酶解时间3h、酶解pH值6．0、0．8mol／L山梨醇的渗透压条件下,获得生成率和再生率分别为95．2％和8．9％的微生物细胞原生质体。在脉冲峰值电压50V、持续时间80μs、8个脉冲、间隔1s的电融合条件下,该原生质体通过电融合获得一株菌株其乳化性能从62％提高到85％。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.