小鼠TIE2基因启动子的克隆及转录活性分析

克隆小鼠TIE2基因的启动子并分析其转录活性.设计并合成引物,以小鼠肝脏组织DNA为模板,巢式PCR扩增小鼠TIE2基因启动子区.将扩增获得的系列截短片段克隆入荧光素酶(Luc)报告基因表达载体pGL3-Basic中,构建系列启动子区转录活性报告质粒pGL3-TIE2-Luc.报告质粒与内参质粒共转染SVEC4-10、NIH3T3、HUVEC及NIT-1细胞系,48h后收获细胞检测双荧光素酶的表达情况.构建的pGL3-TIE2-Luc系列报告质粒经过酶切鉴定及DNA测序分析都显示正确;转染4种细胞系后进行双荧光素酶活性检测的结果表明,TIE2基因启动子区域(-2056-+1)具有较强的转录活性.成功构建小鼠TIE2基因启动子报告质粒,证实TIE2基因上游区域(-2056-+1)具有较强的启动子活性.     

EphA3基因启动子区域定位表达及活性分析

目的构建含有不同长度EphA3基因启动子片段的报告基因载体,研究其在293T细胞和MEF细胞中的转录活性。方法以Balb／C小鼠基因组DNA为模板,扩增不同长度的EphA3基因启动子片段,并克隆进入荧光素酶报告基因质粒pGL3-Basic真核表达载体内。酶切鉴定及基因测序无误后,将重组质粒和pRL—CMV内对照质粒共转染293T和MEF细胞,分析不同长度的OhA3基因启动子片段的转录活性。结果酶切和测序鉴定表明表达载体构建成功,EphA3基因的核心启动子区域位于-279bp～＋110bp之间,在293T细胞和MEF细胞中其转录活性相似。结论成功构建了荧光素报告基因重组质粒,并确定了BphA3基因的核心启动子区域。     

肌肉LIM蛋白增强生肌素对AChRγ启动子的反式激活作用

采用RT PCR技术克隆了大鼠肌肉LIM蛋白 (MLP) 6 40bp的全长cDNA序列 .以此cDNA为探针进行的Northern印迹表明 ,MLP于C2C12细胞在分化的第 3d至第 5d表达 .将MLPcDNA亚克隆至pcDNA3,构建真核表达质粒pcDNA3 MLP ,同时构建AChRγ启动子序列 (96 0bp)调控的荧光素酶报告基因真核表达质粒pGL3 γ .C2C12细胞转染及荧光素酶活性分析表明 ,复合转染pcD NA3 MLP和pGL3 γ的分化肌细胞表达的荧光素酶活性约为对照的 4倍 ;而在 3T3或未分化肌细胞复合转染pcDNA3 MLP和pGL3 γ均未检出报告基因表达 ,说明MLP可促进生肌素对AChRγ亚基基因启动子的反式激活作用 .     

含G0S2基因启动子的荧光素酶报告基因载体的构建

目的:克隆人G0S2基因启动子并构建荧光素酶报告基因载体,为进一步研究G0S2基因转录调控提供质粒。方法:利用PCR技术从人胚肾293A细胞基因组DNA中克隆获得G0S2基因启动子的DNA片段,将其克隆至pGL3-basic表达载体中,并转化人大肠杆菌DH5α,经限制性内切酶酶切、PCR及测序鉴定得到确认;将重组载体质粒与半乳糖苷酶表达质粒psV-β-Galactosidase共转染至大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC),检测细胞中荧光素酶的活性。结果:pGL3-G0S2-Promoter重组质粒插入片段和相邻序列正确,克隆的G0S2基因片段有启动子活性(P0.05)。结论:成功构建了pGL3-G0S2-Promoter报告基因质粒,为进一步研究G0S2基因的表达奠定了基础。     

含VEGF启动子的报告基因的构建及雌激素受体对其活性的影响

目的：构建含血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）基因启动子的荧光素酶报告基因载体,并检测其在雌激素受体作用下的转录活性。方法：以乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7基因组为模板,扩增VEGF启动子片段,克隆到荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-basic中。用脂质体介导的基因瞬时转染法,将重组正确的报告基因载体转染293T细胞,检测重组质粒中荧光素酶报告基因的表达。结果：酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析表明构建了正确的pGL3-basic—VEGF报告基因载体;转录活性实验表明构建的报告基因载体具有启动子活性,雌激素受体α（ERα）能以剂量依赖的方式升高VEGF启动子调控下的报告基因的转录。结论：克隆了VEGF启动子,为ERα共调节子的功能研究奠定了基础。     

FLT-1启动子在血管内皮细胞中特异生物活性的检测及其意义

目的:构建带有组织特异性FLT-1启动子的真核表达载体,检测其在转染的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）中对荧光素酶报告基因表达的驱动能力。方法：采用PCR扩增FLT-1启动子,插入到pGL3-Basic-luc载体中,构建携带FLT-1启动子的真核表达载体pGL3-FLT-Basic-luc,经脂质体法转染HUVEC、HepG2、NIH3T3和HEK293细胞,于转染48h后采用双荧光报告系统检测荧光素酶表达活性。 结果:酶切及测序证实构建的pGL3-FLT-Basic-luc载体中含有序列正确的FLT-1基因启动子,双荧光报告系统检测显示,转染的HUVEC细胞其荧光素酶活性明显高于HEK293细胞（P<0.01）,而转染的HepG2和NIH3T3细胞中未检测出荧光素酶表达。结论:克隆的FLT-1启动子具有较高的血管内皮特异性转录活性,可作为血管疾病靶向基因治疗的启动子来源。图     

关岭牛MyoD基因CDS区的克隆、序列分析及其真核表达载体构建

[目的]通过关岭牛MyoD基因CDS区的克隆、序列分析及pcDNA3.1(+)-MyoD真核表达载体的构建,为后续研究MyoD基因的调控机制奠定基础。[方法]通过设计特异性引物克隆关岭牛MyoD基因的CDS区,并用DNAStar、Ex PASy等软件对该基因CDS区进行序列分析;同时利用双酶切的方法构建真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-MyoD。[结果]关岭牛MyoD基因的CDS区全长957bp,编码318个氨基酸;其编码的蛋白属于亲水性蛋白,蛋白二级结构主要以α-螺旋及无规则卷曲为主,含有b HLH结构域,无明显的跨膜区域。同源性分析显示,关岭牛MyoD基因的CDS区序列与海福特牛和山羊的同源性最高,核苷酸同源性为98.96%和96.9%,氨基酸同源性为100%和89.3%。MyoD蛋白的氨基酸肽链长度由低等动物到高等动物有逐渐加长的趋势。[结论]成功克隆了关岭牛MyoD基因的CDS区,并构建了其真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-MyoD,为进一步研究MyoD基因在成肌分化过程中的作用及其调控机制奠定基础。     

IL-37基因启动子的克隆及其荧光素酶报告基因载体的构建

[目的]克隆白介素-37(IL-37)基因启动子,构建其荧光素酶报告基因载体,并分析活性。[方法]用PCR方法扩增IL-37基因5'端上游区3个不同长度的启动子片段,分别克隆入荧光素酶报告基因载体p GL3,构建IL-37基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因质粒。将所构建的质粒转染HEK-293细胞,通过双荧光素酶报告基因系统分析启动子的转录活性。[结果]754、1 017、2 043 bp等3个IL-37启动子片段正确亚克隆入荧光素酶报告基因载体,重组质粒转染HEK-293细胞后,双荧光素酶活性分析显示1 017 bp的启动子片段具有较强转录活性,约为对照组(空载体p GL3-basic)的10.9倍。[结论]成功克隆IL-37基因启动子,构建了大小为1 017 bp的IL-37基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体,为IL-37表达的调控机制的研究提供有效的工具。     

FLT-1启动子在血管内皮细胞中特异生物活性的检测及其意义

目的:构建带有组织特异性 FLT-1 启动子的真核表达栽体,检测其在转染的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)中对荧光素酶报告基因表达的驱动能力.方法:采用PCR扩增FLT-1启动子,插入到pGL3-Basic-luc载体中,构建携带FLT-1启动子的真核表达载体pGL3-FLT-Basic-luc,经脂质体法转染HUVEC、HepG2、NIH3T3和HEK293 细胞,于转染48h后采用双荧光报告系统检测荧光素酶表达活性.结果:酶切及测序证实构建的pGL3-FLT-Basic-luc栽体中含有序列正确的FLT-1基因启动子,双荧光报告系统检测显示,转染的HUVEC细胞其荧光素酶活性明显高于HEK293细胞(P<0.01),而转染的HepG2和NIH3T3细胞中未检测出荧光素酶表达.结论:克隆的FLT-1启动子具有较高的血管内皮特异性转录活性,可作为血管疾病靶向基因治疗的启动子来源.     

FLT-1启动子荧光素酶报告基因重组体的构建和鉴定

目的：为探索FLT-1启动子靶向调控活性分析,克隆FLT-1启动子基因序列,构建并鉴定肿-1启动子调控的荧光素酶报告基因重组体pGL3-FLT—Basic—luc。方法：应用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术扩增FLT-1启动子序列,定向亚克隆至荧光素酶表达载体pGL3-Basic—luc中,构建含有正确目的基因的报告基因重组体pGL3-FIT—Basic—luc,通过限性内切酶酶切、PCR及测序进行鉴定。结果：通过酶切鉴定及基因测定证明,所克隆的基因产物与预期结果-致,序列无碱基突变。结论：成功构建了含有FLT-1启动子基因序列的荧光素酶报告基因真核表达载体,为下-步分析该启动子活性及血管疾病的基因治疗奠定基础。     

Complement C3 Drives Autophagy-Dependent Restriction of Cyto-invasive Bacteria

1. Download high-res image (169KB)
2. Download full-size image

     

近70年来黄土高原典型植物δ13C值变化研究

对黄土高原地区 4种典型C3 植物狼牙刺 (Sophoraviciifolia) 、辽东栎 (Quercusliaotungensis) 、虎榛子 (Os tryopsisdavidiana) 和酸枣 (Zizyphusjujubavar.spinosa) 样品稳定性碳同位素组分 (δ¹³ C) 进行分析, 研究了从 2 0世纪 30年代至今近 70年中不同年代植物δ¹³ C值的变化。结果表明, 在近 70年中, 4种植物δ¹³ C值变化范围为- 2 5.0 5‰~ - 2 9.75‰, 平均值为 - 2 7.0 4‰。 4种植物叶片δ¹³ C值均呈下降趋势, 表明随气候环境变化, 近 70年4种植物的水分利用效率 (WUE) 均呈降低趋势。但不同植物叶片δ¹³ C值下降幅度不同 :狼牙刺和辽东栎叶片δ¹³ C值下降非常明显, 虎榛子叶片δ¹³ C值下降也较明显, 而酸枣叶片δ¹³ C值下降不明显。 4种植物δ¹³ C值的降低率分别为 14.6 5 %、14.4 6 %、11.99%和 2.4 4 %, 说明不同植物对气候环境因子的敏感性不同, 具有不同的适应环境变化的策略, 酸枣是 4种植物中耐旱能力较强, WUE较高的物种。     

Denaturation and unfolding of human anaphylatoxin C3a: an unusually low covalent stability of its native disulfide bonds

The complement C3a anaphylatoxin is a major molecular mediator of innate immunity. It is a potent activator of mast cells, basophils and eosinophils and causes smooth muscle contraction. Structurally, C3a is a relatively small protein (77 amino acids) comprising a N-terminal domain connected by 3 native disulfide bonds and a helical C-terminal segment. The structural stability of C3a has been investigated here using three different methods: Disulfide scrambling; Differential CD spectroscopy; and Reductive unfolding. Two uncommon features regarding the stability of C3a and the structure of denatured C3a have been observed in this study. (a) There is an unusual disconnection between the conformational stability of C3a and the covalent stability of its three native disulfide bonds that is not seen with other disulfide proteins. As measured by both methods of disulfide scrambling and differential CD spectroscopy, the native C3a exhibits a global conformational stability that is comparable to numerous proteins with similar size and disulfide content, all with mid-point denaturation of [GdmCl]_1/2 at 3.4-5 M. These proteins include hirudin, tick anticoagulant protein and leech carboxypeptidase inhibitor. However, the native disulfide bonds of C3a is 150-1000 fold less stable than those proteins as evaluated by the method of reductive unfolding. The 3 native disulfide bonds of C3a can be collectively and quantitatively reduced with as low as 1 mM of dithiothreitol within 5 min. The fragility of the native disulfide bonds of C3a has not yet been observed with other native disulfide proteins. (b) Using the method of disulfide scrambling, denatured C3a was shown to consist of diverse isomers adopting varied extent of unfolding. Among them, the most extensively unfolded isomer of denatured C3a is found to assume beads-form disulfide pattern, comprising Cys³⁶-Cys⁴⁹ and two disulfide bonds formed by two pair of consecutive cysteines, Cys²²-Cys²³ and Cys⁵⁶-Cys⁵⁷, a unique disulfide structure of polypeptide that has not been documented previously.     

Comparison of Target Pocket Similarity and Progress into Research on Inhibitors of Picornavirus 3C Proteases

The 3C protease (3C Pro) plays a significant role in the life cycle of picornaviruses from replication to translation, making it an attractive target for structure-based design of drugs against picornaviruses. The structurally related 3C-like protease (3CL Pro) is an important protein involved in the replication of coronaviruses. With the emergence of COVID-19 and consequent intensive research into 3CL Pro, development of 3CL Pro inhibitors has emerged as a popular topic. This article compares the similarities of the target pockets of various 3C and 3CL Pros from numerous pathogenic viruses. This article also reports several types of 3C Pro inhibitors that are currently undergoing extensive studies and introduces various structural modifications of 3C Pro inhibitors to provide a reference for the development of new and more effective inhibitors of 3C Pro and 3CL Pro.     

大豆ω-3脂肪酸脱氢酶基因GmFAD3C在酿酒酵母中的表达

α亚麻酸(ALA)被称为必需脂肪酸,对人体有一系列的保健作用。ω-3脂肪酸脱氢酶(FAD)催化亚油酸(LA)生成ALA。大豆种子油中ALA含量较高,为了研究大豆ω3FAD的功能,用RTPCR方法从大豆未成熟种子中扩增出GmFAD3C的cDNA,克隆到酵母表达载体p416中,并用醋酸锂法转化酿酒酵母营养缺陷型K601,经筛选鉴定,得到阳性克隆。气相色谱分析脂肪酸成分,发现工程菌产生了新的脂肪成分ALA,含量占总脂肪酸的3.1%,LA含量与对照相比相应地下降,证明该基因编码的蛋白具有催化18碳多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)底物LA在Δ15位脱氢生成ALA的ω3FAD功能,首次实现大豆ω-3脂肪酸脱氢酶基因在酿酒酵母K601p416系统中的表达,建立了一种新的高效低成本的FAD酵母表达系统。     

Critical review of acylation-stimulating protein physiology in humans and rodents

In the last few years, there has been increasing interest in the physiological role of acylation-stimulating protein (ASP). Recent studies in rats and mice, in particular in C3 (−/−) mice that are ASP deficient, have advanced our understanding of the role of ASP. Of note, the background strain of the mice influences the phenotype of delayed postprandial triglyceride clearance in ASP-deficient mice. Administration of ASP in all types of lean and obese mice studied to date, however, enhances postprandial triglyceride clearance. On the other hand, regardless of the background strain, ASP-deficient mice demonstrate reduced body weight, reduced leptin and reduced adipose tissue mass, suggesting that ASP deficiency results in protection against development of obesity.In humans, a number of studies have examined the relationship between ASP, obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia as well as the influence of diet, exercise and pharmacological therapy. While many of these studies have small subject numbers, interesting observations may help us to better understand the parameters that may influence ASP production and ASP action.The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent literature on ASP, with particular emphasis on those studies carried out in rodents and humans.     

The protease associated (PA) domain in ScpA from Streptococcus pyogenes plays a role in substrate recruitment

Annually, over 18 million disease cases and half a million deaths worldwide are estimated to be caused by Group A Streptococcus. ScpA (or C5a peptidase) is a well characterised member of the cell enveleope protease family, which possess a S8 subtilisin-like catalytic domain and a shared multi-domain architecture. ScpA cleaves complement factors C5a and C3a, impairing the function of these critical anaphylatoxins and disrupts complement-mediated innate immunity. Although the high resolution structure of ScpA is known, the details of how it recognises its substrate are only just emerging. Previous studies have identified a distant exosite on the 2nd fibronectin domain that plays an important role in recruitment via an interaction with the substrate core. Here, using a combination of solution NMR spectroscopy, mutagenesis with functional assays and computational approaches we identify a second exosite within the protease-associated (PA) domain. We propose a model in which the PA domain assists optimal delivery of the substrate's C terminus to the active site for cleavage.     

Effects of stress hormone cortisol on the mRNA expression of myogenenin,MyoD, Myf5, PAX3 and PAX7

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of stress hormone cortisol on the myogenic markers in the C2C12 cells co-cultured with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Co-culturing was achieved by transwell inserts with a 0.4 μm porous membrane. C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells were grown independently on the transwell plates. After differentiation, inserts containing 3T3-L1 cells were transferred to C2C12 plates for co-culturing. 10 μg/μl of cortisol was added to the medium. After 72 h of treatment, C2C12 cells which were in the lower well were harvested for analysis. RT-PCR analysis of myogenic markers such as of myogenin, MyoD, Myf5, PAX3 and PAX7 showed a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of these myogenic markers. In addition, cortisol increased calpain activity, which led to accelerated protein degradation, which in turn reduced the myogenic rate. In conclusion, cortisol treatment reduced mRNA expression of myogenic markers in the co-cultured C2C12 cells, which is quite distinct from one dimensional mono-cultured C2C12 cells.     

慢性病毒性肝炎小鼠动物模型的建立及其特征分析

慢性病毒型肝炎是一种严重危害人类健康的常见病,多发病,目前尚缺乏理想的实验动物模型来阐明其具体的发病机制,从而使得对其防治的研究受到限制.本研究采用纯化的3型鼠肝炎病毒(MHV-3)经腹腔注入近交系C3H/HeJ小鼠体内,小鼠感染MHV-3后,约63%存活,存活的小鼠一般情况较正常对照组差,肝脏组织呈现持续炎性改变,血清ALT、AST升高而TP、ALB有所下降,与人类慢性病毒性肝炎的发生发展极为相似,可作为研究慢性病毒性肝炎的比较理想动物模型.