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1.
马麝的生态研究   总被引:33,自引:2,他引:31  
麝是一种经济价值较大的动物。雄麝腹部具有麝香腺囊(或香囊),其分泌物称做麝香(或香仁)。麝香的用途较广泛,自古以来就是重要的名贵药材之一。同时,还是一种高贵的香料。我国的麝香品质和产量均居世界第一位。 为了顺利地发展麝的驯养业,必须对麝的野外生态进行研究。  相似文献   

2.
在人工养麝和活麝取麝香试养成功的情况下,提高麝的繁殖率和成活率,是扩大麝群、增加麝香产量的一条重要途径。无产阶级文化大革命以来,在毛主席革命路线指引下,在批林批孔运动推动下,我场“三结合”科研小组进行了试验。在饲养管理上采取了五项措施,繁殖上注意了五个环节,使全场39只性成熟母麝全配、全孕。1974年繁殖仔麝58只,成活率由50%提高到90%以上,达到了建场以来最高水平。  相似文献   

3.
麝香腺分泌周期中组织学及组织化学的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
麝是重要的经济动物,它所分泌的麝香是贵重的药材和香料,研究麝香腺在泌香周期中的组织学结构以及有关组织化学成分,将有助于阐明麝香的化学组成和它的分泌机理,为提高麝香产量提供形态学依据。  相似文献   

4.
2017年7月1日至8月31日,采用焦点取样和连续记录法,对甘肃兴隆山自然保护区马麝保育中心29头圈养马麝进行了行为取样,记录其行为发生持续时间及发生位点,根据动物在各位点对人为胁迫的应激程度定义其胆量水平,结合个体在各位点所占时间比例确定马麝个体的胆量值,分析性别、年龄等因素对其胆量的影响及胆量与麝香分泌和繁殖成效的关系.结果表明: 上等体况马麝胆量(1.731±0.347)显著大于下等体况(0.915±0.789);雄麝胆量(1.035±0.120)显著小于雌麝(1.901±0.391);亚成体马麝组的胆量(1.450±0.463)有高于成体组(1.093±0.321)和老龄组(1.430±0.189)的趋势,但差异未达显著水平.区分性别后,年龄组对马麝的胆量值仍无显著影响.独居马麝胆量(0.853±0.326)小于群居马麝(1.397±0.179),但差异不显著,群居个体胆量随密度增加而趋于降低.雄麝胆量与其麝香分泌呈负相关;雌麝胆量与年均产仔数略呈正相关,与空怀率呈显著负相关,即雌麝胆量越高,其空怀率越低.研究结果可为预测圈养马麝的麝香分泌及繁殖成效提供参考,也可为圈养动物个体胆量研究提供思路.  相似文献   

5.
康发功  盛岩  马泠桃  孟秀祥 《生态学报》2015,35(15):4993-4999
马麝(Moschus sifanicus)分布于我国青藏高原及周边区域,雄麝可分泌麝香。因历史上的过度利用及生境丧失等原因,马麝已极度濒危。马麝驯养是保育野生马麝资源及可持续生产麝香的有效方式。我国于1990年在甘肃兴隆山保护区开始马麝驯养,并于1996年实现了可持续的活体取香。分析了兴隆山麝场1996—2006年间的麝香生产及与泌香雄麝种群增长和种群结构的关系,结果表明:兴隆山麝场11a间共取香430头次,麝香总产量达3846.6 g,年均麝香产量为(349.69±84.69)g(n=11)。泌香雄麝的种群数与麝香年产量存在极显著的相关(R=0.638,P0.01),增长模型y=e(6.4285-3.6578/t)(R2=0.735,df=9,F=24.94,P=0.0010.01)和y=e(4.2049-3.4523/t)(R2=0.700,df=9,F=21.02,P=0.0010.01)可分别模拟该麝场的麝香年产量及泌香雄麝种群的增长。泌香雄麝的平均泌香量为(8.93±0.56)g/头(n=68),各年度的雄麝平均泌香量与麝香年产量相关极显著(R=0.442,P0.01),其增长模式呈指数式增长(y=7.5126e0.0244t)(R2=0.373,df=9,F=5.36,P=0.0460.05)。各年龄组雄麝间的平均泌香量差异显著(ANOVA,F7,59=2.522,P=0.0240.05),1.5岁马麝的泌香(2.00±1.82)g,(n=10)显著高于其他各年龄组马麝(P0.05),其余年龄组间的平均泌香量无显著差异(P0.05)。雄麝的年龄组与麝香年产量呈极显著的负相关(R=-0.936,P=0.0010.01),1.5—6.5岁雄麝占种群比例91.16%,生产麝香(3560.1g)占总产量的92.55%。以麝香生产为主的麝场,其驯养雄麝种群配置应以6.5岁龄以下雄麝为主。  相似文献   

6.
麝泌香盛期后麝香腺囊的显微与超微结构和麝香分泌研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
麝香是雄麝特有的麝香腺囊分泌物,是对麝群行使化学通讯机能的一种信息素。本文研究了泌香盛期后麝香腺囊的显微与超微结构,探索了雄麝年周期的麝香分泌及形成机理。  相似文献   

7.
雄麝的香腺和香囊在麝香分泌及形成中的作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文作者于1986—1988年对四川米亚罗养麝场的22头实验雄麝进行了泌香机理实验研究。本文报道了雄麝香腺摘除、香囊容积测定和观察以及雄麝泌香期囊温测试实验。实验结果表明,雄麝香腺是分泌麝香香液的器官;香囊不仅是麝香贮存器官,而且也是酶促反应和麝香最终形成的器官。  相似文献   

8.
底栖海藻用作饲料添加剂   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
野生底栖海藻含有丰富的营养,尤其是微量元素和生物活性物质,用以加工成复合海藻粉,2%-6%的比例到饲料喂动物,对提高其产量和品质及降低料耗等方面,均有显著的效果。  相似文献   

9.
麝泌香盛期麝香腺超微结构和麝香分泌研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
雄麝特有的麝香腺,由于分泌行使化学通讯机能的信息素(Pheromone)麝香,结构特异。长期以来,国内外对麝香腺的结构和麝香分泌研究甚少,只有解剖学方面的简单描述,故对麝香分泌机理和泌香规律众说纷纭。我国最早(1958)进行过人工养麝和活体取香。随着养麝业的发展,近年对麝香腺进行了解剖、组织学(毕书增等,1980;冯文和等,1981;郑生武等,1984)和泌香机理研究(毕书增等,1980;李复东,1980;颜于宏等,1981),对麝香的分泌、形成与泌香规律有了进一步的认识,但缺乏全面系统  相似文献   

10.
马麝(Moschus sifanicus Przewalski)系著名的药用动物。雄麝腹部有一麝香腺囊,其内分泌物叫麝香。麝香是医药工业和香料工业的重要原料。又是珍贵的出口物资。 1973—1974年作者在青海省尖扎县能科公社的青穆措沟对马麝的生态进行了观察(郑生武、皮南林,1979),同时对麝香腺囊做了解剖研究和麝的数量调查。  相似文献   

11.
林麝(Moschus berezovskii)是国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,以分泌麝香而闻名。麝香是雄性林麝的香腺分泌的特殊物质。由于过度猎杀取香、栖息地破碎等原因,野生林麝的数量急剧下降至濒危。自1950年代以来,我国开展了人工养殖林麝,积累了丰富经验,取得了一定成果,但在林麝营养需要、饲料加工与饲养管理、遗传特征与选育、繁殖、泌香机理与取香等基础理论及关键技术方面研究进展不大,所以,林麝种群扩繁速度低,种群规模不大,麝香产量不高。本文综述了近年来有关林麝香腺的显微与超微结构、麝香的分泌形成过程、利用分子标记研究麝香的分泌、性激素基因与林麝麝香分泌的关系、林麝泌香相关基因组与转录组研究等方面的研究进展,以期为深入研究林麝泌香的分子机制提供参考。  相似文献   

12.
周杨  孙太福  黎勇  周密  孟秀祥 《生态学报》2018,38(21):7530-7538
采用焦点取样和扫描取样方法,对甘肃兴隆山麝场圈养马麝(Moschus sifanicus)交配季节及非交配季节进行行为取样。通过行为样本,对个体个性特征(活跃性、领域性、刻板性、探索性、行为冗余性)进行标准化处理,分析了年龄及性别对个性特征的效应,以及交配季节与非交配季节之间个性特征的差异,同时分析了马麝个性特征与泌香量的相互关系。结果表明:年龄增加对活跃性具有降低的效应(P0.05),并对非交配季节领域性具有降低效应(P0.05);非交配季节里雌性活跃性高于雄性(P0.05);不同季节间个性特征存在差异,交配季节活跃性与领域性均有高于非交配季节的趋势,并且活跃性与领域性在两季节间呈正相关关系(P0.05);雄麝泌香量与活跃性存在正相关关系(交配季节:r=0.518,P0.05;非交配季节:r=0.397,P0.05),与交配季节领域性同样具有正相关关系(r=0.406,P0.05)。本研究通过行为取样方法首次对马麝个性特征进行定量分析,探讨了将个性特征,特别是活跃性和领域性,作为泌香量预测指标的方法,对圈养动物个性研究的理论创新具有指导作用,同时对麝香及麝类资源的发展具有实践意义。  相似文献   

13.
四川围栏养殖林麝采食植物种类调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对四川都江堰人工养殖围栏内林麝采食的野生及栽种植物种类进行调查.结果表明,围栏内共有林麝采食植物64种,隶属于31科,多属于农田野草、野菜,少数是栽种的饲草、树木.分析了林麝采食利用植物的特点及这些植物作为饲料在生产中的潜在应用价值.  相似文献   

14.
于2016年6月20日至8月10日在四川马尔康林麝繁育场开展,采用基于量表的个性评价法对172头(雌麝59头,雄麝113头)圈养林麝进行了个性评价,建立了圈养林麝个性维度,并探索了个性维度与其麝香分泌和繁殖成效的关系。结果表明:因子分析各项载荷值均大于0.4,Cronbach''s α分析结果为0.648,表明个性量表具有较好的一致性信度和结构效度。此外,特征根大于1时,圈养林麝的侵略性、活跃性、刻板性、胆怯性及社会性五大个性维度可解释70.77%的个性信息,并通过聚类分析,进一步验证了维度划分的合理性;雄性林麝的社会性维度和麝香分泌量存在显著正相关(r=0.234,P < 0.05),社会性越强(展现出更多的互饰接触、共同摄食等亲和行为的个体),其泌香量越高;侵略性(r=0.463,P < 0.05)、活跃性(r=0.440,P < 0.05)、刻板性(r=0.595,P < 0.05)与雌性分娩时间存在显著正相关关系,即个性越强,分娩时间越晚,此外,刻板性与产仔数呈显著负相关(r=-0.341,P < 0.05),表明圈养林麝的繁殖成效主要受刻板性维度影响,刻板性强的个体对繁殖成效会有一个负面的效应。  相似文献   

15.
This study was conducted at the Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm, Gansu Province, northwestern China, between June 2004 and January 2005. Focal sampling and all occurrence surveying was used to record the behavior of 42 female captive Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) in the lead up to the 2005 breeding season. The frequencies of 12 behavior categories were recorded and the behavioral patterns were compared between successful breeding females (n = 28) and barren females (n = 14). Results indicated that, during nonmating season (August to October), the females who were barren in the following season, demonstrated more affinitive and self-directed behavior as compared with successful breeding females. Tail pasting behaviour was expressed only by successful breeding females, and was observed only within the mating season (from November to March). These findings have important implications in captive breeding programs and improving musk deer farming throughout China.  相似文献   

16.
Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus), well-known for their musk production, are endemic to western China. Due to historical unrestricted illegal hunting and habitat loss, captive farming has been employed as a means of conserving this endangered species and developing sustainable musk harvesting techniques. For captive animals, an understanding of behavioral characteristics is vital to improve management practices. This study addressed a lack of information regarding the behavioral characteristics of alpine musk deer; specifically daily activity patterns in respect to gender and reproductive season. From August 2002 to January 2003, focal sampling was employed to observe 32 adult captive alpine musk deer (13 females and 19 males), at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm (XMDF), located at Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China. Results indicated that the general behavioral patterns were similar between female and male captive alpine musk deer throughout both reproductive and non-reproductive seasons (rut and pre-rut season). Both male and female alpine musk deer demonstrated tail-pasting behavior during rut season, a previously male-only behavior trait. Female musk deer also rested comparatively more than males during pre-rut season.  相似文献   

17.
在2016年和2017年的5—8月,我们对川西马尔康麝场圈养林麝(Moschus berezovskii)的麝香分泌进行了行为与生理监测,对麝香分泌的各阶段进行了准确判定,记录了泌香启动、泌香盛期开始、泌香盛期终止及泌香结束的时间阶段及持续时间长,分析了林麝麝香分泌的时间阶段与体重和年龄等因素的关系。结果表明,马尔康麝场的雄性林麝平均泌香启动日在6月16日[(167.06±7.75)d,n=141],于6月17日进入泌香盛期[(168.52±7.67)d,n=141],6月21日[(172.17±7.26)d, n=138]泌香活动减弱,至6月25日[(176.27±8.11)d, n=131]泌香结束;雄麝体重与其泌香启动、泌香盛期停止及泌香结束时间呈显著负相关(rPS = -0.234,PPS =0.028;r VSF = -0.215,PVSF = 0.047;r SE = -0.229,PSE = 0.043),即雄麝的体重越大,其泌香越早;各年龄组间的平均泌香时长差异显著(F 17, 113 = 3.482, P = 0.003),其中2岁雄麝平均泌香时长最长[(13.07±2.08)d, n=20],显著高于3岁[(9.38±0.76)d, n=12, P = 0.042]和4岁[(7.80±1.60)d, n=5, P = 0.013]个体;马尔康林麝平均泌香量为(11.85g±0.96)g, (n=114),随泌香时长延长有增加趋势,但不显著(P = 0.854)。基于上述林麝雄体的泌香时间、泌香量与年龄和体重等因素间的关联,可对圈养的林麝个体间的泌香力、泌香量等进行区分和预判,作为圈养林麝驯养生产力优化的依据,并可为圈养林麝优质品系的选育提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
The effects of (i) medium and high feed value (MFV and HFV) maize silages and (ii) MFV and HFV grass silages, each in combination with a range of concentrate feed levels, on the performance of finishing lambs were evaluated using 280 Suffolk-X lambs (initial live weight 36.1 kg). The MFV and HFV maize silages represented crops with dry matter (DM) concentrations of 185 and 250 g/kg, respectively, at harvest, and had starch and metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations of 33 and 277 g/kg DM and 9.6 and 11.0 MJ/kg, respectively. HFV and MFV grass silages had DM and ME concentrations of 216 and 294 g/kg and 11.0 and 11.5 MJ/kg DM, respectively. A total of 13 treatments were involved. The four silages were offered ad libitum with daily concentrate supplements of 0.2, 0.5 or 0.8 kg per lamb. A final treatment consisted of concentrate offered ad libitum with 0.5 kg of the HFV grass silage daily. Increasing the feed value of grass silage increased (P < 0.001) forage intake, daily carcass and live weight gains, final live weight and carcass weight. Increasing maize silage feed value tended to increase (P = 0.07) daily carcass gain. Increasing concentrate feed level increased total food and ME intakes, and live weight and carcass gains. There was a significant interaction between silage feed value and the response to concentrate feed level. Relative to the HFV grass silage, the positive linear response to increasing concentrate feed level was greater with lambs offered the MFV grass silage for daily live weight gain (P < 0.001), daily carcass gain (P < 0.01) and final carcass weight (P < 0.01). Relative to the HFV maize silage, there was a greater response to increasing concentrate feed level from lambs offered the MFV maize silage in terms of daily carcass gain (P < 0.05) and daily live weight gain (P = 0.06). Forage type had no significant effect on the response to increased concentrate feed level. Relative to the MFV grass silage supplemented with 0.2 kg concentrate, the potential concentrate-sparing effect of the HFV grass silage, and the MFV and HFV maize silages was 0.41, 0.09 and 0.25 kg daily per lamb, respectively. It is concluded that increasing forage feed value increased forage intake and animal performance, and maize silage can replace MFV grass silage in the diet of finishing lambs as performance was equal to or better (depending on maturity of maize at harvest) than that for MFV grass silage.  相似文献   

19.
王永奇  盛岩  刘文华  李斐然  唐婕  孟秀祥 《生态学报》2015,35(15):4986-4992
林麝是濒危资源动物,林麝驯养是保育濒危林麝资源及可持续利用麝香的有效方式。基于对2001至2012年间的陕西凤县林麝驯养的监测和调查,分析了其种群动态、性比和年龄结构。结果表明,陕西凤县的林麝驯养在近10余年获得了快速发展,全县共有150余个麝场,麝场数呈指数式增长,增长率达27.33%,但其平均驯养规模无明显增长,平均存栏种群仅为16.38头。凤县的驯养麝种群总体增长近似指数式增长,增长率达27.22%,目前存栏种群已达3712头。区分性别和年龄,各亚群的增长均呈指数式增长,幼年麝的增长率(30.30%)高于成年麝(27.16%),雄麝的增长率(28.30%)高于雌麝(27.78%)。在2001至2012年间,幼麝种群的雌雄性比((102.64±3.15)%,n=12)和成年麝种群的雌雄性比((100.85±2.585)%,n=10)均显著偏雌(P0.01),但幼麝、成年麝种群间的性比差异不显著(P0.05)。在2005年及2010—2012年间,幼麝(0.5岁龄)占种群的比例为31.91%,亚成体麝(1.5岁龄)占种群的比例为21.11%,成麝(2.5—12.5岁龄)比例为42.72%,老年麝(13.5岁龄及以上)仅占种群的4.26%。合并年龄分析,育龄前个体(幼麝和亚成体麝)的平均比例为53.02%,表明凤县驯养林麝属快速增长种群,其增长潜力较大。在林麝驯养实践中,管理部门可制定准入制度或适当重组现有麝场,促进较大的驯养种群构建,并建立通畅的麝香交易渠道,控制林麝种源的过热交易,以利于林麝驯养种群的性比平衡及可持续的繁育、增长。  相似文献   

20.
The Miyaluo captive forest musk deer population (Sichuan Province, China) is one of the largest captive breeding populations in the world. In order to evaluate the genetic quality and provide available genetic management strategy, seven polymorphism microsatellite loci were applied to assess the genetic variation of the Miyaluo forest musk deer. The results indicated that a total of 168 alleles were detected from these seven microsatellite loci in 361 individuals, and the number of the alleles per locus ranged from 12 to 41 with a mean of 24. The average observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and PIC were 0.782, 0.854, and 0.837, respectively. Considering the results of the loci Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test, the comparison of the common allele frequency as well as the private allele between the adults and juveniles, we concluded that the heterozygosity and the genetic diversity of the Miyaluo captive breeding population are increasing due to the input of new individuals from other populations. However, the frequency of some alleles declined sharply, and some were even lost indicating that there is a risk for diversity loss. Thus, we proposed an improved management and breeding strategy for the captive breeding population of the forest musk deer.  相似文献   

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