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1.
蛋白激酶C参与缺氧预处理的血管平滑肌细胞保护   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
已知缺氧预处理不仅对心肌细胞,而且对血管床亦有保护作用;但对血管壁细胞是否有直接保护作用,目前尚不清楚。本工作在培养的家兔血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)缺氧复氧(A/R)损伤模型上观察缺氧预处理(anoxicpreconditioning,APC)的影响。发现APC能提高A/R后VSMC存活率,减轻细胞脂质过氧化损伤和钙超载,使用蛋白激酶C(PKC)激动剂PMA能模拟,而抑制剂H7或polymyxinB能完全消除APC的上述保护作用。提示APC对VSMC的A/R损伤具有保护作用,其机理可能与PKC激活有关  相似文献   

2.
缺氧预处理对乳鼠心肌细胞蛋白激酶C活性的影响   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14  
刘秀华  庞永政 《生理学报》1997,49(4):427-432
在培养的乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧模型上,观察了缺氧预处理的细胞保护作用及其对细胞蛋白激酶C活性和蛋白磷酸化的影响。结果表明,APC可减轻心肌细胞的H/R损伤;提高细胞存活率,减少细胞脂质过氧化产物生成及细胞内乳酸脱氢酶和蛋白质漏出。模拟APC的短暂缺氧显著激活PKC,使心肌细胞内分子量为66kD和31kD的蛋白条带^32P掺入增加;PKC抑制剂H7完全消除APC对心肌细胞的保护作用,并抑制了短暂缺氧  相似文献   

3.
血管活性肠肽对兔支气管上皮细胞抗臭氧损伤的保护作用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
用支气管刷洗法收集新西兰兔支气管上皮细胞(BEC),以臭氧(O3)攻击培养的BEC,建立细胞损伤模型。测定BEC的3H释放率计算O3的细胞毒指数(CI)、测定细胞内丙二醛(MDA)的含量反映细胞氧化性损伤的程度,测定细胞内过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及还原型和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH和GSSG)的含量反映细胞抗氧化能力。观察血管活性肠肽(VIP)预处理对BEC的细胞保护作用并初步探讨其保护机制。观察到:BEC的3H释放率与O3暴露时间成正比;O3暴露2h使MDA含量和GSSG含量明显增加,GSH减少;VIP预处理呈剂量依赖性降低O3暴露的CI值、降低MDA和GSSG含量、增加GSH及GSH/GSSG比值、增加CAT活性,显示出细胞保护效应;VIP的保护效应可被放线菌素D(A-D)或蛋白激酶C阻断剂H7部分取消。结果表明:O3暴露会导致BEC损伤,VIP可通过增强BEC的抗氧化能力而保护BEC,VIP的信号在细胞内的转导途径与基因转录及依赖PKC的酶蛋白磷酸化有关。  相似文献   

4.
蛋白激酶C与缺血预处理心肌保护作用   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
Lu WF  Xia Q 《生理科学进展》1999,30(1):74-77
蛋白激酶C(PKC)是心肌细胞磷脂酰肌醇信号转导系统的重要组成部分,PKC在缺血预处理(IP)过程中的移位和激活在IP的心肌保护中发挥了关键的作用。PKC介导IP心肌保护作用的机制与其磷酸化底物蛋白有关,包括激活细胞外-5‘-核苷酸酶,激活ATP敏感性钾通道以及维持细胞内Ca^2+稳态。对PKC发挥IP心肌保护作用机制的探索将为人类心血管疾病的治疗提供新的理论基础和药理手段。  相似文献   

5.
李田昌  佟利家 《生理学报》1996,48(4):337-342
内皮素(endothelin,ET)是已知的体内活性最强的缩血管物质,其缩血管作用由G蛋白偶联受体所介导。但ET强大的促血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增生效应的机理尚未完全阐明。本研究选用培养的兔胸主动脉VSMC,探讨丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)在ET促细胞增生中的作用。结果表明:ET-1呈时间和浓度依赖性地促进细胞摄取 ̄3H-TdR和激活MAPK,此作用可被蛋白激酶C(proteinkinaseC,PKC)抑制剂Staurosporine(STP),H-7和ET_A受体拮抗剂BQ123所抑制,但不被酪氨酸激酶抑制剂HerbimycinA(Herb)所抑制,用PKC激动剂PMA(Phorbolmyristateacetate)预处理VSMC,使其PKC活性下调,可显著减弱ET-1对MAPK的激活能力。本结果提示:(1)MAPK参与ET-1所致的VSMC增生;(2)ET-1促细胞增生与激活MAPK的作用是由ET_A受体和PKC介导的。  相似文献   

6.
Qin XQ 《生理科学进展》1999,30(2):129-132
本工作建立了臭氧对原代培养的兔支气管上皮细胞(BEC)损伤模型,观察到血管活性肠肽(VIP)、表皮生长因子(EGF)、热应激等微环境理化因子可减轻细胞损伤,具有细胞保护作用,其保护机制与提高还原谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量有关,并依赖于蛋白激酶的磷酸化调节及基因转录。BEC细胞在基础情况下有bcl-2基因的低水平表达。VIP和EGF可促进bcl-2基因转录,增强BEC的抗氧化损伤能力。EGF或热应激促进  相似文献   

7.
于文杰  姚兴海 《生理学报》1997,49(5):531-536
心肌细胞短暂低氧可诱导对后续长时间低氧所致细胞严重损伤的耐力增强,已在心脏预处理(PC)模型上得到证实,但PC发生的细胞内信号传导途径目前尚不清楚。我们在培养的新生兔心肌细胞低氧/复氧模型上,观察丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)和核蛋白体S6激酶(S6K)活性改变。结果发现:低氧60min后、复氧15min,细胞总MAPK和核MAPK活性分别较对照组增加95%和230%(P〈0.01);S6K活性在  相似文献   

8.
以外源性腺苷前质硫酸腺嘌呤大鼠心脏预处理和经典缺血预处理建立模型,监测心脏内源性保护物质的变化。方法:采用250~300gSD大鼠32只分成4组,即假手术组(SO组)、缺血再灌组(I/R组)、经典缺血预处理组(IPC组)及硫酸腺嘌呤预处理组(ASPC组)。比较各组心肌内源性保护物质的变化。结果:IPC组、ASPC组均显示缩小心梗面积、改善心功能的IPC效应,同时,肌酸激酶(CK)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、5”核苷酸酶(5’NT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增强以及一氧化氮(NO)含量增高,热休克蛋白70(HSP70)mRNA表达增强。结论:CK、CAT、5’NT、SOD、NO及HSP70是大鼠腺苷性和缺血性心脏预处理后产生的重要的内源性保护物质。  相似文献   

9.
MAPK对胰岛素介导的人血管平滑肌细胞PKCα的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
目的:在胰岛素的干预下,观察MAPK反义寡核苷酸(ODNs)对人血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖及PKCα表达的影响。方法:3HTdR掺入法检测VSMC增殖,逆转录PCR、免疫组织化学法检测PKCα表达。结果:反义ODNs 处理的细胞可显著抑制胰岛素诱导的VSMC的DNA合成,ODNs 的上述作用与降低VSMC内PKCα基因表达有关。结论:胰岛素刺激人VSMC增殖可被MAPK反义寡核苷酸所抑制,可能存在有关胰岛素PKCMAPK激活途径  相似文献   

10.
热应激对支气管上皮细胞的抗臭氧细胞保护作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本研究在臭氧(O3)对培养的兔支气管上皮细胞损伤模型上观察了热应激处理对支气管上皮细胞抗O3损伤的保护效应,并初步探讨其机制。结果表明,42℃热应激处理30min可明显降低O3攻击下的细胞毒指数(CI)及细胞内MDA含量,表示热应激对支气管上皮细胞具有细胞保护作用。进一步观察表明,热应激预处理可增加细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、降低氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量、增加GSH/GSSG比值,并能增加两型谷胱甘肽的总量。结果提示热应激的细胞保护作用机理可能与其增加从谷胱甘肽合成及增强谷胱甘肽还原酶活性,提高细胞自身的内源性抗氧化能力有关。  相似文献   

11.
Zhang Y  Wu YX  Hao YB  Dun Y  Yang SP 《Life sciences》2001,68(9):1013-1019
This study investigated the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on intestinal ischemic injury and the role of endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) in these effects. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced by 30-min of ischemia and 60-min of reperfusion significantly increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and resulted in serious intestinal edema (wet weight/dry weight). The ischemic preconditioning (PC) elicited by three 8-min occlusion periods interspersed with 10-min reperfusion markedly attenuated intestinal injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion. Pretreatment with morphine (300 microg x kg(-1), i.v.) 10-min before ischemia and reperfusion mimicked the protection produced by PC. Naloxone (3 mg x kg(-1), i.v.) abolished the protection of morphine-induced preconditioning and ischemic preconditioning in rat intestine. However, there were no changes between naloxone alone and control groups. Treatment with naloxone before ischemia-reperfusion had no effect on animals compared with the I/R group. In addition, we also measured the content of endogenous opioid peptides (Leu-enkephalin) in the effluent which was collected before and during preconditioning. It was shown that the release of leu-enkephalin was markedly increased during preconditioning. These results suggested that EOP might play an important role in PC in rat small intestine.  相似文献   

12.
Iron and copper play major roles in biological systems, catalyzing free radical production and consequently causing damage. The relatively high levels of these metals, which are mobilized into the coronary flow following prolonged ischemia, have been incriminated as key players in reperfusion injury to the heart. In the present communication we investigated other roles of iron - providing protection to the ischemic heart via preconditioning (PC). PC was accomplished by subjecting isolated rat hearts to three episodes of 2 min ischemia separated by 3 min of reperfusion. Prolonged ischemia followed the PC phase. PC hearts (group I) were compared to hearts subjected to normal perfusion (group II, no ischemia) and to ischemia without PC (group III). Group I showed a marked improvement in the recovery of hemodynamic function vs. group III. Biochemical parameters further substantiated the PC protection provided to group I against prolonged ischemia. Correspondingly, group I presented markedly lower re-distribution and mobilization of iron and copper into the coronary flow, following prolonged ischemia, as evinced from the decrease in total levels, and in the 'free' fraction of iron and copper. During the PC phase no loss of cardiac function was observed. A small wave of re-distribution and mobilization of iron (typically less than 4-8% of the value of 35 min ischemia) was recorded. The cellular content of ferritin (Ft) measured in the heart was significantly higher in group I than in group III (0.90 and 0.54 microg/mg, respectively). Also, iron-saturation of Ft was significantly lower for PC hearts, compared to both groups II and III (0.22 vs. 0.32 and 0.31 microg/mg, for 35 min ischemia, respectively). These findings are in accord with the proposal that intracellular re-distribution and mobilization of small levels of iron, during PC, cause rapid accumulation of ferritin - the major iron-storage protein. It is proposed that iron play a dual role: (i) It serves as a signaling pathway for the accumulation of Ft following the PC phase. This iron is not involved in cardiac injury, but rather prepares the heart against future high levels of 'free' iron, thus reducing the degree of myocardial damage after prolonged ischemia. (ii) High levels of iron (and copper) are mobilized following prolonged ischemia and cause tissue damage.  相似文献   

13.
Because plasma levels of protein C (PC) or activated protein C (APC) are altered in certain diseases associated with vascular dysfunction, and APC has therapeutic potential in preventing microvascular coagulation in severe sepsis, potential vascular effects of PC and APC were compared to those of the vasoactive peptide, thrombin. Thrombin was a more potent relaxant agonist than contractile agonist in aorta. Unlike thrombin, cumulatively administered APC (10(-9)-10(-7) M) did not exert vascular effects in rat or rabbit aorta. Noncumulative challenge of PC (10(-7) M) and APC (8 x 10(-8) M) also did not contract rat or rabbit aortae, either with or without endothelium. Likewise, the same concentrations of PC and APC also did not relax norepinephrine-induced (10(-7) M) vascular tone in either rat or rabbit aortae. Thus, in contrast to thrombin, PC and APC failed to modulate vascular tone, suggesting that the therapeutic use of APC is unlikely to be accompanied by any direct effects on vascular motility.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the additive protective efficiency of ischemic preconditioning when used in combination with conventional clinically relevant cardioprotective methods of hypothermia or hypothermic cardioplegia during sustained global ischemia.Isolated rat hearts were aorta-perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer and were divided into six groups (n = 10 each). Group I: Ischemia at 34°C for 60 min; Group PC+I: preconditioned (PC) ischemia at 34°C, 2 episodes of 5 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion at 34°C followed by I; Group HI: hypothermic ischemia at 10°C for 60 min; Group PC+HI: preconditioned (PC) hypothermic ischemia, 2 episodes of 5 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion at 34°C followed by HI; Group CPL+HI: single dose of 'Plegisol' cardioplegia followed by HI; Group PC+CPL+HI: preconditioned hypothermic cardioplegia, followed by CPL+HI. At the end of 60 min ischemia, all the hearts were reperfused at 34°C for 30 min when post-ischemic recovery in left ventricular contractile function and coronary vascular dynamics was computed and compared.There was a significant depression in the post-ischemic recovery of developed pressure (Pmax), positive derivative of pressure (+dp/dt), negative derivative of pressure (-dp/dt) and heterometric autoregulation (HA) of contractile force in all the groups, with no major differences between the groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was significantly elevated after I at 34°C. Preconditioning (PC+I) prevented the rise in the LVEDP and this was accompanied by a significant reduction in the release of purine metabolises in the coronary effluents, particularly adenosine, during the immediate reperfusion period. Hypothermia (HI) provided essentially the same level of metabolic and mechanical preservation as offered by PC+I. Combination of hypothermia with preconditioning (PC+HI) or cardioplegia (PC+CPL+HI), did not further enhance the preservation. Post-ischemic recovery in the regional contractile function (segment shortening, %SS) followed nearly identical pattern to global (Pmax) recovery. Post-ischemic recovery in coronary flow (CF) was significantly reduced and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was significantly increased in all the groups. Myogenic autoregulation (transient and sustained) was generally enhanced indicating increased vascular reactivity. Preconditioning did not alter the time-course of these changes.Preconditioned ischemia (34°C) preserved left ventricular diastolic functions and prevented the contracture development after sustained ischemia reperfusion at 34°C. This protective effect of preconditioning was possibly mediated by the reduction in the breakdown of purine metabolises. Hypothermia alone or in combination with crystalloid cardioplegia prevented the irreversibility of the ischemic injury but produced contractile and vascular stunning which was not improved by ischemic preconditioning. The results of this study indicate that preconditioning when combined with hypothermia or hypothermic cardioplegia offered no significant additional protection.  相似文献   

15.
A new concept of cardioprotection based on the exploitation of endogenous mechanisms is known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). It has been hypothesized that substances released during brief ischemic stress (e.g. catecholamines) stimulate the receptors and trigger multiple cell signaling cascades. Opening of ATP-sensitive K+ channels [K(ATP)] has been suggested as a possible final step in the mechanisms of protection. In this study, the role of adrenergic activation was tested in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts subjected to test ischemia (TI; 30 min occlusion of LAD coronary artery) by: 1) mimicking IPC (5 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion) with short-term (5 min) administration of norepinephrine (NE, 1 microM), 15 min prior to TI; 2) blockade with beta- or alpha1-receptor antagonists, propranolol (10 microM) and prazosin (2 microM), respectively, applied 15 min prior to TI during IPC. The role of K(ATP) opening was examined by perfusion with a K(ATP) blocker glibenclamide (10 microM) during IPC. Both IPC and NE-induced PC effectively reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) to 33% and 37%, respectively, vs 100% in the non-PC controls, whereby ventricular fibrillation (VF) was totally abolished by IPC and markedly suppressed by PC with NE (0% and 10%, respectively, vs 70% in the non-PC hearts; P < 0.05). The severity of arrhythmias (arrhythmia score, AS) was also markedly attenuated by both interventions (IPC: AS 1.7 +/- 0.4; NE-PC: AS 1.8 +/- 0.3 vs AS 4.1 +/- 0.2 in the controls; P < 0.05). Protection was not suppressed by propranolol (VT 28%; VF 14%; AS 2.2 +/- 0.6), whereas prazosin reversed the protective effect of PC (VT 83%; VF 67%; AS 4.0 +/- 0.8). Antiarrhythmic protection afforded by NE-PC was abolished by pretreatment of rats with pertussis toxin (25 microg/kg, i.p.) given 48 h prior to the experiments. Glibenclamide did not suppress the IPC-induced protection. In conclusion, the sensitivity of the rat heart to ischemic arrhythmias can be modulated by IPC. Protection is mediated via stimulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors coupled with Gi-proteins but glibenclamide-sensitive K(ATP) channels do not appear to be involved in the mechanisms of antiarrhythmic protection in this model.  相似文献   

16.
Protein kinase C (PKC), p38 MAP kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases 2 and 3 (MAPKAPK2 and MAPKAPK3) have been implicated in ischemic preconditioning (PC) of the heart to reduce damage following a myocardial infarct. This study examined whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70 S6K), casein kinase 2 (CK2), and other hsp27 kinases are also activated by PC, and if they are required for protection in rabbit hearts. CK2 and hsp27 kinase activities declined during global ischemia in control hearts, whereas PC with 5 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion increased their activities during global ischemia. Resource Q chromatography resolved two distinct peaks of hsp27 phosphotransferase activities; the first peak (at 0.36 M NaCl) appeared to correspond to the 55-kDa MAPKAPK2. Erk1 activity was elevated in both control and PC hearts after post-ischemic reperfusion, but no change was observed in p70 S6K activity. Infarct size (measured by triphenyltetrazolium staining) in isolated rabbit hearts subjected to 30 min regional ischemia and 2 h reperfusion was 31.0+/-2.6% of the risk zone in controls and was 10.3+/-2.2% in PC hearts (p<0.001). Neither the CK2 inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) nor the Mek1/2 inhibitor PD98059 infused during ischemia blocked protection by PC. The activation of CK2 and Erk1 in ischemic preconditioned hearts appear to be epiphenomena and not required for the reduction of infarction from myocardial ischemia.  相似文献   

17.
Iron and copper play major roles in biological systems, catalyzing free radical production and consequently causing damage. The relatively high levels of these metals, which are mobilized into the coronary flow following prolonged ischemia, have been incriminated as key players in reperfusion injury to the heart. In the present communication we investigated other roles of iron – providing protection to the ischemic heart via preconditioning (PC).PC was accomplished by subjecting isolated rat hearts to three episodes of 2 min ischemia separated by 3 min of reperfusion. Prolonged ischemia followed the PC phase. PC hearts (group I) were compared to hearts subjected to normal perfusion (group II, no ischemia) and to ischemia without PC (group III). Group I showed a marked improvement in the recovery of hemodynamic function vs. group III. Biochemical parameters further substantiated the PC protection provided to group I against prolonged ischemia. Correspondingly, group I presented markedly lower re-distribution and mobilization of iron and copper into the coronary flow, following prolonged ischemia, as evinced from the decrease in total levels, and in the 'free' fraction of iron and copper.During the PC phase no loss of cardiac function was observed. A small wave of re-distribution and mobilization of iron (typically less than 4–8% of the value of 35 min ischemia) was recorded. The cellular content of ferritin (Ft) measured in the heart was significantly higher in group I than in group III (0.90 and 0.54 g/mg, respectively). Also, iron-saturation of Ft was significantly lower for PC hearts, compared to both groups II and III (0.22 vs. 0.32 and 0.31 g/mg, for 35 min ischemia, respectively). These findings are in accord with the proposal that intracellular re-distribution and mobilization of small levels of iron, during PC, cause rapid accumulation of ferritin – the major iron-storage protein.It is proposed that iron play a dual role: (i) It serves as a signaling pathway for the accumulation of Ft following the PC phase. This iron is not involved in cardiac injury, but rather prepares the heart against future high levels of 'free' iron, thus reducing the degree of myocardial damage after prolonged ischemia. (ii) High levels of iron (and copper) are mobilized following prolonged ischemia and cause tissue damage.  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

Heart attack and oxygen deficiency may cause necrosis in the brain and other tissues. We investigated the histopathological effects of nitric oxide (NO) on ischemia/reperfusion in lung and hippocampus using a rat brain bilateral occlusion ischemia model. Male rats were assigned to sham (SH), ischemic preconditioning (PC), global ischemia (GI) and ischemic reperfusion (IR) groups. Before ischemia was induced, blood was drawn to induce hypovolemic hypotension and for blood gas testing. After sacrifice, samples of hippocampus were harvested. Sections were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and immunostaining using primary antibodies for GFAP, S100β, iNOS, eNOS and the TUNEL method. Following ischemia, we found evidence of gliosis induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus. No significant differences were detected between the SH and PC groups. In the GI and IR groups, apoptosis and necrosis were observed in the hippocampus. Lung sections were stained with H & E and Masson’s trichrome (MT) and immunostained for iNOS and eNOS. The TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis. Interstitial edema, vascular congestion, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, perivascular edema, neutrophil infiltration and disruption of alveoli were observed after global ischemia and ischemic reperfusion. Inflammatory cells were detected in the connective tissue. The IR and GI groups exhibited significantly more apoptotic cells than the SH or PC groups. Free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO), that appear following ischemia and reperfusion in the brain may also injure the lungs. Increased NO in both lung and brain tissue suggests that apoptosis in these organs can be induced by reactive nitrogen species.  相似文献   

19.
20.
To determine whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in classic preconditioning (PC), the effect of NO donors as well as inhibition of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway were evaluated on 1) the functional recovery during reperfusion of ischemic rat hearts and 2) cyclic nucleotides during both the PC protocol and sustained ischemia. Tissue cyclic nucleotides were manipulated with NO donors [S-nitroso-N-penicillamine (SNAP), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or L-arginine] and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or N-nitro-L-arginine) or guanylyl cyclase (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolol-[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one). Pharmacological elevation in tissue cGMP levels by SNAP or SNP before sustained ischemia elicited functional improvement during reperfusion comparable to that by PC. Administration of inhibitors before and during the PC protocol partially attenuated functional recovery, whereas they had no effect when given after the ischemic PC protocol and before sustained ischemia only, indicating a role for NO as a trigger but not as a mediator. Ischemic PC, SNAP, or SNP caused a significant increase in cGMP and a reduction in cAMP levels after 25 min of sustained ischemia that may contribute to the protection obtained. The results obtained suggest a role for NO (and cGMP) as a trigger in classic PC.  相似文献   

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