不同能源柳无性系对NaCl胁迫的生理响应

为了探索不同能源柳无性系的耐盐潜力,在盆栽条件下,对1年生能源柳无性系2、4、C、E扦插苗设置NaCl盐分梯度,使其土壤含盐量保持在0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%,并以乡土旱柳为对照,胁迫45d后,对5个无性系的气体交换参数、保护酶活性和有机渗透调节物质进行测定。研究发现:(1)在低浓度盐胁迫下(土壤含盐量0 0.4%),导致各能源柳光合速率降低的是气孔因素;在高浓度盐胁迫下(土壤含盐量大于0.4%),导致各能源柳无性系光合速率下降的主要是非气孔因素。(2)随着土壤盐浓度的增加,各能源柳无性系的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性逐渐减小,过氧化物酶(POD)活性先增加后减小,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈现增加的趋势,并且4个能源柳无性系在盐胁迫条件下保护酶活性强于旱柳。(3)在土壤含盐量小于0.6%时,4个能源柳无性系的可溶性蛋白含量始终大于旱柳;在整个胁迫过程中,能源柳C的脯氨酸含量始终大于旱柳。(4)与旱柳相比,4个能源柳无性系在土壤含盐量0 0.4%的土壤中都能良好生长,其中能源柳C的耐盐潜力更大,可在土壤含盐量为0.6%的土壤中正常生长。这说明,4个能源柳无性系均可在天津轻、中度盐渍化地区栽培。     

Na2CO3胁迫下甜菜幼苗根际土壤环境因子的变化及其相关性

以两个甜菜品种‘KWS0143’(耐盐碱性强)和‘Beta464’(耐盐碱性较弱)为对象,设置4个Na₂CO₃浓度处理[占土壤质量的0%(CK)、0.4%、0.8%和1.2%],采用盆栽方法研究甜菜幼苗时期植株干质量、根际土壤酶活性和微生物数量的变化.结果表明: 与对照相比,0.4%处理的植株干质量明显增加,而0.8%和1.2%处理显著受到抑制,且处理间差异显著. 不同处理下甜菜幼苗根际土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性表现出相似的变化规律,0.4%处理酶活性较对照有所增加但不显著;0.8%和1.2%处理则显著降低了酶活性,同时‘KWS0143’的土壤酶活性均高于‘Beta464’.与对照相比,0.4%处理土壤微生物群落没有显著变化;0.8%和1.2%处理的根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著减少,且‘KWS0143’的根际微生物数量高于‘Beta464’.两品种植株干质量、土壤酶和土壤微生物之间呈显著正相关;通径分析表明,‘KWS0143’植株干质量决定系数表现为:放线菌>细菌>过氧化氢酶>脲酶>真菌>碱性磷酸酶,‘Beta464’表现为:放线菌>过氧化氢酶>脲酶>真菌>碱性磷酸酶>细菌.     

Na2CO3胁迫下甜菜幼苗根际土壤环境因子的变化及其相关性

以两个甜菜品种‘KWS0143’(耐盐碱性强)和‘Beta464’(耐盐碱性较弱)为对象,设置4个Na₂CO₃浓度处理[占土壤质量的0%(CK)、0.4%、0.8%和1.2%],采用盆栽方法研究甜菜幼苗时期植株干质量、根际土壤酶活性和微生物数量的变化.结果表明: 与对照相比,0.4%处理的植株干质量明显增加,而0.8%和1.2%处理显著受到抑制,且处理间差异显著. 不同处理下甜菜幼苗根际土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性表现出相似的变化规律,0.4%处理酶活性较对照有所增加但不显著;0.8%和1.2%处理则显著降低了酶活性,同时‘KWS0143’的土壤酶活性均高于‘Beta464’.与对照相比,0.4%处理土壤微生物群落没有显著变化;0.8%和1.2%处理的根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著减少,且‘KWS0143’的根际微生物数量高于‘Beta464’.两品种植株干质量、土壤酶和土壤微生物之间呈显著正相关;通径分析表明,‘KWS0143’植株干质量决定系数表现为:放线菌>细菌>过氧化氢酶>脲酶>真菌>碱性磷酸酶,‘Beta464’表现为:放线菌>过氧化氢酶>脲酶>真菌>碱性磷酸酶>细菌.     

灌水量对温室番茄土壤CO2、N2O和CH4排放的影响

为揭示不同灌水量对温室番茄土壤CO₂、N₂O和CH₄排放及作物产量的影响,提出有效的减排措施,试验设置充分灌溉(1.0W,W_1.0;W为充分供水的灌水量)、亏缺20%灌溉(0.8W,W_0.8)和亏缺40%灌溉(0.6W,W_0.6)3个灌水水平,采用静态暗箱/气相色谱法于2017年4—12月对两茬温室番茄土壤CO₂、N₂O和CH₄进行全生长季监测,分析土壤CO₂、N₂O和CH₄排放对不同灌水量的响应.结果表明: 番茄两个生长季中,土壤CO₂、N₂O和CH₄排放量均随着灌水量增加呈现逐渐增加的趋势(W_1.0＞W_0.8＞W_0.6),除W_0.6和W_1.0处理间土壤N₂O排放具有显著差异外,其他各处理间气体排放差异均不显著.与W_1.0处理相比,W_0.6和W_0.8处理土壤CO₂排放分别减小了12.2%和8.3%,N₂O分别减小了19.1%和8.0%,CH₄分别减小了11.0%和6.2%.番茄产量和由土壤N₂O和CH₄引起的全球增温潜势(GWP)均随灌水量增加而增加;与W_1.0处理相比,W_0.6处理产量和GWP显著减小,降幅分别为17.0%和22.9%,而W_0.8处理对两者未产生显著影响.单位产量GWP随灌水量增加表现为先增加后降低的趋势(W_0.8＞W_1.0＞W_0.6),处理间差异不显著.灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)随灌水量增加而降低,与W_1.0处理相比,W_0.6和W_0.8处理IWUE分别增加了38.3%和9.4%.回归分析表明,土壤CO₂排放通量与土壤水分呈指数负相关关系;土壤CH₄通量与土壤水分呈线性正相关关系;当土壤温度小于18 ℃和大于18 ℃时,土壤N₂O排放通量与土壤温度间均呈指数负相关关系.灌水增加了番茄产量和温室气体排放,但降低了IWUE.综合考虑番茄产量、IWUE和温室效应,推荐W_0.8处理为较佳的灌溉模式.     

石灰和硼砂对果梅生长结果影响初报

针对永泰园艺场果梅立地条件及生长状况,以惯用施肥量(N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:1.9:1.7,氮磷钾施用量1.83 Kg/年/株)为对照,在N、P₂O₅、K₂O比例均为1:0.4:0.6的基础上施用不同肥料组合,研究其对果梅生长、结果的影响。试验初步表明,在N、P₂O₅、K₂O比例为1:0.4:0.6、氮磷钾施用量1.38kg/年/株的基础上添加石灰和硼砂,与对照相比,硬核期后的坐果率提高9.9%,产量增加14.2%,明显促进新梢生长。有机肥的配施到第二年才产生肥效。     

添加秸秆和磷素对土壤微生物群落的影响

为了探讨添加小麦秸秆和磷素对低磷土壤微生物数量和群落结构的影响,设置2个梯度的小麦秸秆添加量(N₀和N₁分别为0和2.08 g·kg^-1)和4个施磷水平(P₀、P₁、P₂和P₃分别为0、100、200和400 mg·kg^-1)组合处理,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法测定土壤微生物生物量.结果表明: 添加秸秆配合施入磷素对微生物总生物量、细菌生物量、真菌生物量和真菌/细菌(F/B)比值具有显著的促进作用,微生物总生物量、细菌生物量、真菌生物量和F/B均为N₁P₁>N₁P₀>N₁P₂>N₁P₃>N₀P₁>N₀P₂>N₀P₃.在相同磷素水平下,添加秸秆处理的各指标均显著高于未添加秸秆处理;在添加相同秸秆量条件下,施磷处理的各指标随磷素施入量先增加后降低,以P₁水平组合最优,其次是P₀,最后是P₂和P₃.     

不同地下滴灌制度下黄瓜根际微生物活性及功能多样性

采用微生物培养、BIOLOG碳素利用法和土壤酶活性测定等方法,分析了日光温室不同地下灌溉制度下黄瓜根际土壤中微生物活性及功能多样性.结果表明: 根际土壤微生物生物量C、N含量、基础呼吸、代谢熵、AWCD值、Shannon指数和McIntosh指数随灌水量的增加呈先升高后下降的趋势;在0.8E_p(E_p为20 cm标准蒸发皿蒸发量)灌溉水平下,I2处理(灌水周期8 d)根际土壤微生物生物量C、N含量、基础呼吸、代谢熵、AWCD值、Shannon指数和McIntosh指数显著高于I₁处理(灌水周期4 d).0.8E_p处理下,细菌、放线菌、自生固氮菌数量及脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性显著高于其他2个灌水量处理（0.6E_p和1.0E_p）;I₂处理的细菌和自生固氮菌数量、脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性显著高于I₁处理,放线菌数量、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性与I₁处理差异不显著,而真菌数量显著低于I₁处理.I 20.8E_p处理使黄瓜根际土壤中微生物代谢活性和微生物群落功能多样性升高,微生物区系得以改善,土壤酶活性提高,促进黄瓜生长.     

滨海滩涂地带乌哺鸡竹和淡竹离子含量变化及其与生长及光合作用的关系

在沿海滩涂防护林带低盐区(0.1%)、中盐区(0.2%)和重盐区(0.4%) 3个盐分梯度下,研究了栽植10年的乌哺鸡竹和淡竹Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量变化及其与生长和光合作用的相关关系.结果表明: 从低盐区到重盐区,乌哺鸡竹的立竹密度和地径分别下降30.4%和28.8%,降幅低于淡竹的44.1%和31.2%;两竹种单株生物量下降,地上器官生物量降幅均显著高于地下器官;乌哺鸡竹和淡竹净光合速率(P_n)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)分别下降57.6%和67.7%、6.1%和7.4%,乌哺鸡竹耐盐能力比淡竹强.随着土壤含盐量的增大,乌哺鸡竹和淡竹各器官Na⁺含量逐渐增加,K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量逐渐降低.两竹种根Na⁺积累较多,而地上部分K⁺含量较高.盐胁迫环境导致乌哺鸡竹根Ca²⁺含量与淡竹叶片Mg²⁺含量明显下降.两竹种的生物量、P_n、F_v/F_m与Na⁺含量呈显著负相关,与K⁺、Ca²⁺含量呈显著正相关.     

三角褐指藻在磷营养限制胁迫下的补偿生长效应

以三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)为研究材料,设置了5个磷营养限制处理:磷营养分量分别设为f/2培养基的1/20(P₁)、1/10(P₂)、1/8(P₃)、1/4(P₄)、1/2(P₅),以f/2为对照(P_ck),在磷限制胁迫下培养10d,然后均以相同密度(2.5×10⁵cells·mL^-1)接种在f/2条件下恢复培养16d,测定了三角褐指藻在磷限制胁迫下和恢复培养阶段的生长状况。结果表明,三角褐指藻在受到磷限制胁迫后,细胞密度、蛋白质和可溶性糖含量都显著低于对照(p<0.05);恢复阶段,P₁、P₂和P₃处理组的细胞密度、平均相对生长率及生物量在恢复培养的中前期显著高于对照(p<0.05),最高平均相对生长率分别为0.73、0.70、0.68d^-1,显著高于对照(0.55d^-1)(p<0.05);P₄处理组的细胞密度和生物量与对照无显著差异;P₅处理组的细胞密度和生物量在恢复培养的中前期显著低于对照(p<0.05);随着培养时间的推移,各处理组与对照之间的差异逐渐缩小,处理组和对照的细胞密度、生物量、蛋白质和可溶性糖含量等均无显著差异。     

微咸水滴灌对土壤酶活性、CO2通量及有机碳降解的影响

利用微咸水灌溉是解决干旱区水资源短缺的重要途径.通过田间小区滴灌试验,研究了不同矿化度微咸水(0.31、3.0、5.0 g·L^-1,NaCl浓度)对土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素酶活性的影响,采用土壤碳通量和物料袋法研究了土壤CO₂通量和有机碳降解对微咸水滴灌的响应.结果表明: 微咸水(3.0 g·L^-1)处理下蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶的活性分别比淡水处理降低31.7%～32.4%、29.7%～31.6%、20.8%～24.3%,而土壤多酚氧化酶活性则随灌溉水矿化度提高而显著升高,在膜下微咸水、咸水处理多酚氧化酶较淡水处理提高2.4%、20.5%.土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物熵均随灌溉水矿化度提高呈降低趋势,而代谢熵则呈升高趋势.不同处理对土壤CO₂通量影响表现为淡水＞微咸水≥咸水,且膜下CO₂通量显著高于膜间(P<0.05),棉花吐絮期(9月20日)膜下淡水处理较咸水和微咸水处理的CO₂通量分别升高29.8%、28.2%,微咸水滴灌显著降低了土壤CO₂通量.不同矿化度微咸水滴灌对有机物(棉花和苜蓿秸秆)的降解率表现为淡水＞微咸水＞咸水,膜下有机物降解显著高于膜间.在培养第125天时,咸水、微咸水、淡水处理的膜间棉花秸秆回收率分别为39.7%、36.3%、30.5%,膜间苜蓿秸秆回收率分别为46.5%、36.5%、35.4%.微咸水灌溉明显抑制了北疆滴灌棉田土壤酶活性,造成土壤微生物量和CO₂通量下降,土壤有机物降解率降低,使绿洲农田土壤生物性状变差.     

Influence of salinity on axillary bud cultures of six lowland tropical varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Axillary bud cultures of six low-land tropical varieties of potato Solanum tuberosum (L. T. 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) were studied for their response to salinity stress using crude sea salt. Concentrations of 0.8% and above severely inhibited the growth, while decreased growth was observed between 0.4% and 0.6% salt in all the varieties, with occasional shoot tip necrosis and compound leaf formation. A lower concentration of salt (0.2%) was beneficial and increased shoot weight in most varieties. Protein content showed a positive correlation with proline levels, indicating that proline accumulation was due to new synthesis rather than breakdown of existing proteins. Soluble carbohydrates increased in the stem with increasing salt. Roots showed an increase in sodium content while shoots showed increased potassium levels, with increasing salt concentrations. There was a positive correlation between dry weight yields and K/Na ratio. It is apparent that the synthesis of proline, accumulation of soluble carbohydrates as well as increase in potassium and sodium content were all used to adjust the physiology in response to salt stress by the different varieties of potato, with varying degrees, in the present study.     

不同盐分水平对柽柳扦插苗根系生长及生理特性的影响

柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)作为黄河三角洲湿地的优势种之一,对盐渍化环境具有较好的适应性。根系作为植物直接感受盐分变化的器官,其对盐分条件的响应特征对研究植物生存、湿地恢复、土壤改良等具有重要意义。以一年生柽柳插穗为研究材料,采用水培法,设置6个盐分水平:CK(空白对照)、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、2.4%、3.6%进行试验,测定柽柳生根率、根寿命、根系生物量等生长指标及根中ATP合成酶和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及脱落酸(ABA)含量,研究柽柳根系生长及生理特性对不同盐分水平的响应。结果表明:(1)柽柳适合扦插繁殖的培养溶液含盐量低于0.8%;含盐量超过0.8%后,扦插生根率显著降低,根系寿命减短。(2)柽柳根长生长随含盐量升高呈下降趋势;主根数随含盐量升高先增加,至含盐量超过1.2%后逐渐减少。(3)柽柳可通过调整生物量的分配模式来适应盐环境,低盐时地上部生物量高于地下,高盐时根系生物量比例逐渐增加,但生物量仍低于地上部分。(4)ATP合成酶活性、CAT活性在含盐量低于0.8%时增加;含盐量超过0.8%时,活性降低;脱落酸(ABA)含量随含盐量增加先增加,含盐量超过1.2%时减少。     

土壤水分对冬小麦生育后期叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

通过防雨棚小区栽培,控制土壤供水系数(Kw)分别为0.8、0.6、0.4、0.2,以自然状况下的小区为对照(CK),研究土壤水分条件对冬小麦生育后期叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:Kw为0.6处理的冬小麦叶片叶绿素含量与0.8处理接近,且显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);Kw为0.6处理对冬小麦叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率有轻度抑制,但其光合速率却高于0.8处理,而Kw为0.2处理的光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率均为最低;气孔限制值在Kw为0.4处理下最高,其次为0.2处理,0.8处理下最低;冬小麦叶片的表观量子效率在Kw为0.4处理下最高,光补偿点总体上随着土壤水分含量的降低呈下降趋势,而光饱和点及最大光合速率则以Kw为0.6处理最高,其次为0.8处理,0.2处理最低;冬小麦叶片的天线转化效率Fv’/Fm’、电子传递速率ETR、实际量子效率ФPSII及光化学猝灭qP均以Kw为0.6处理最高,其次为0.8处理,0.2处理下最低;在Kw为0.2处理下,冬小麦光合作用主要受非气孔因素限制,而在0.4处理下,则主要受气孔因素限制。     

The growth and nodulation ofTrifolium alexandrinum as affected by salinity

The growth and nodulation ofTrifolium alexandrinum were compared at six levels (0 - 1.2 % NaCl) of salinity. Dry mass of shoots and roots, 14 and 20 weeks after the commencement of salinity treatment, increased at low levels of salinity (0.1 - 0.2 % NaCl) but decreased with higher NaCl concentrations (0.4 - 1.2 %). Nodulation occurred at NaCl concentrations up to 0.8 %. Nodule mass decreased with increasing salinity levels. The nodule size remained unaffected at NaCl concentrations up to 0.4 % but was reduced at higher concentrations.     

Observations on the suppression of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) on tomato by incorporation of cyanobacterial powder (Oscillatoria chlorina) into potting field soil

Experiments were carried out to investigate the nematicidal potential of a cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria chlorina, against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria on tomato plants grown in pots filled with 500 cm3 of field soil infested with 12-s stage juveniles (J2)/cm3 soil. Incorporation of freeze-dried cyanobacterial powder into potted field soil at the rate of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% (w/w) 5 days prior to tomato planting, reduced root galling, final population of M. arenaria and increased vegetative growth of tomato plants and root-mass production, compared with untreated control (P > or = 0.05). The beneficial effect of adding cyanobacterial powder into infested potted field soil increased exponentially with concentration up to 0.8%. Root galling and nematode population decreased by 68.9% and 97.6%, respectively at the highest dose (1%) of cyanobacterial powder compared with the untreated control. Addition of cyanobacterial powder into infested potted field soil at 5 days before planting was the most effective followed by 2 days before and at the time of tomato planting. We conclude that application rate and timing are important factors in the control of root-knot nematodes with O. chlorina.     

盐胁迫对红叶石楠‘鲁班’生理生化特性及叶片显微结构的影响

以一年生红叶石楠‘鲁班’盆栽苗为材料,研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫下其生长、生理生化指标和叶片显微结构的变化。结果表明：在0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的NaCl胁迫下植株生长正常,而在0.8%、1.0%和1.2%的NaCl胁迫下植株生长受抑制;叶片最大荧光（Fm）、光系统II（PSII）最初光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）、表观光合电子传递速率（ETR）随NaCl浓度的升高而降低,其中在0.8%、1.0%和1.2%的NaCl胁迫下比对照显著降低;叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量及叶绿素a/b的比值随盐浓度的升高而降低;在0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的NaCl胁迫下,叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性较对照显著上升,而当NaCl浓度为0.8%、1.0%和1.2%时显著下降;在0.4%和0.6%的NaCl胁迫下叶片中丙二醛（MDA）的含量与对照相比显著降低,0.8%、1.0%和1.2%的NaCl胁迫下显著升高;叶中栅栏细胞在NaCl浓度为0.2%、0.4%和0.6%时逐渐纵向伸长且排列更紧密,浓度为0.8%、1.0%和1.2%时逐渐缩短且疏松,且栅栏组织厚度在0.6%的NaCl胁迫下达到最大。由此表明,红叶石楠‘鲁班’在NaCl浓度不高于0.6%的基质中能正常生长。     

Combined effect of salinity and pH on lipid content and fatty acid composition of Tisochrysis lutea

The haptophyte microalga Tisochrysis lutea was heterotrophically grown in F2 medium with different combinations of pH and salinity. Growth, oil content and fatty acids (FAs) profile were determined under each set of conditions. The salinity was adjusted using NaCl at concentrations of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, or 1.0 M, while pH was adjusted at 7, 8, or 9, and heterotrophic growth was performed using organic carbon in the form of sugar cane industry waste (CM). Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were identified by gas chromatography. The results showed that pH of 8.0 was the optimal for dry weight and oil production, regardless of the salinity level. At pH 8.0, growth at a salinity of 0.4 M NaCl was optimal for biomass accumulation (1.185 g L^-1). Under these conditions, the maximum growth rate was 0.055 g L^-1 d^-1, with a doubling time of 17.5 h and a degree of multiplication of 2.198. Oil content was maximal (34.87%) when the salinity was 0.4 M and the pH was 9.0. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated FAs was affected by the pH value and salinity, in that unsaturated FAs increased to 58.09% of the total FAs, considerably greater than the value of 40.59% obtained for the control (0.4 M NaCl and pH 8.0).     

Effect of salinity of medium on cellular fatty acid composition of marine algaPorphyridium cruentum (Rhodophyceae)

Porphyridium cruentum Näg. (clone 161) was found to grow best in medium containing between 0.45 M and 0.8 M NaCl. From studies done on growing cultures, the palmitic acid content of the cells decreased with increasing NaCl concentration of the medium. Conversely, when the culture was transferred from a 0.8 M NaCl medium to 0.2 M NaCl, the amount of palmitic acid in thePorphyridium cells increased with time of incubation and it contributed up to 64.5% of the total fatty acid content. There appears to be a negative correlation between the cellular content of palmitic acid and the growth lag. The oleic acid content varied only marginally with increasing NaCl concentration. The poly-unsaturated acid content (linolenic and arachidonic acids) decreased initially and then increased with NaCl concentration up to and beyond ca. 0.8 M NaCl respectively. At 1.5 M NaCl, the poly-unsaturated fatty acids amounted to 78.2% of the total fatty acids in the cell. For stationary phaseP. cruentum cultures, a similar relationship existed between fatty acids and NaCl concentration. However, palmitic acid was accumulated up to three-fold more when compared to the exponential culture grown in low salinity. In addition stearic acid was also found in significant quantities.     

Seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of wheat as affected by drought and salinity

In germination stage, decreased wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling growth (mg per seedling) as affected by drought and salinity stresses is a well-known phenomenon. The heterotrophic seedling growth can be defined as a product of two components: (1) the weight of mobilized seed reserve (WMSR; mg per seed), and (2) the conversion efficiency of utilized seed reserve to seedling tissue (mg seedling dry weight (SLDW) per mg utilized seed reserve). The first component can be further divided into (1) initial seed weight (mg per seed), and (2) the fraction of seed reserve, which is mobilized (mg mobilized seed reserve per mg initial seed weight). The objective of this study was the identification of the sensitive seedling growth component(s) in response to drought and salinity stresses. Two experiments were separately conducted using various osmotic pressures (OP) induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG; 0–1.8 MPa, with interval of 0.2) in experiment 1 and by NaCl (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 MPa) in experiment 2. Two wheat cultivars were used in each experiment. In both experiments, seedling growth, fraction of seed reserve utilization and weight of mobilized seed reserve decreased with increasing drought and salt intensity. However, drought and salinity stresses had no effect on the conversion efficiency. It was concluded that the sensitive component of seedling growth is the weight of mobilized seed reserve. Thus, appropriate efforts such as plant breeding programs should be focused on improvement of seed reserve mobilization in order to obtain increased seedling growth under drought and salinity stresses.