22省市汉族女青少年生长发育状况的分析

利用SPSS计算机软件的PCA-Q分析程序,从分析7项生长发育指标的相似与相异点入手,对我国22个省市区的44个汉族城乡女青少年样本进行聚类分析。分析结果表明,各地区女青少年在生长发育状况上存在着显著差异,这些差异与地理因素、城乡差别和社会经济发展水平有关。表现为北方女青少年的体格生长水平普遍高于南方,城市高于农村,经济发达地区高于相对欠发达地区。作者并就本结果在了解中国青少儿生长发育状况及趋势方面的作用,以及PCA-Q分析程序的实际应用体会进行了讨论。     

云南省少数民族皮纹研究—白族等十一个民族皮纹正常值测定

本文报告了云南省白族等11个少数民族14项皮纹正常值参数,并与汉族、北美白人作了比较,进行了统计学分析与聚类分析。结果表明,皮纹这一类遗传性状不仅在各人种之间有显著差异,而且在我国各民族之间也存在显著差异。各民族有自己皮纹的特异性。     

芜湖市478名中学生生长发育的追踪研究

本文报道了 1 997年 9月—1 999年 9月对芜湖市第九中学 478名(男 2 4 5人 ,女 2 33人 )汉族中学生生长发育 3年追踪测量结果。调查指标为身高、体重、胸围和月经初潮年龄。分析了维尔维克指数 ,比较了男女间的差异并与芜湖市 1 986年数据进行了比较 ,对差异的可能原因进行了分析 ,并对当前青少年生长发育加速和性成熟提前趋势进行了讨论。     

甘肃东乡族和汉族青少儿体质状况比较研究

分析甘肃临夏地区 7— 18岁东乡族青少儿体格发育状况并和该省汉族青少儿比较。两族样本共10160人。东乡族青少儿的体格发育水平低于汉族乡村 ,更低于汉族城市水平。与1985年的资料比 ,东乡族青少儿1995年的身高明显增长 ,平均男为1.9cm,女为2.0cm,增长幅度男生低于汉族男生 ,而女生与汉族持平。但是 ,东乡族青少儿的体重和胸围增长相对缓慢 ,体型趋瘦长化增长趋势。对东乡和汉族青少儿生长发育差异的产生原因作分析 ,同时根据分析所展示的趋势 ,预期该族青少儿在今后一段时间内生长发育水平将有稳定的增长。     

青藏高原与安第斯高原地区儿童青少年的身高、体重和胸围的对比

通过青藏高原和安第斯山高原地区儿童青少年身高、体重和胸围的比对,探讨高原地区儿童青少年生长发育的规律和特点,找出儿童青少年生长发育的高原地区差异,进一步改善高原地区居民的健康状态,促进儿童青少年生长发育,为高原医学和高原人类学的发展提供理论基础。本文以青藏高原和安第斯山高原地区儿童青少年为研究对象。选择在西藏出生长大、经体检证明身体健康6-21岁藏族男女(父母3代藏族)共2813例有效样本(男,1417例;女,1396例),在知情同意情况下直接测量了身高、体重和胸围。印度、秘鲁、玻利维亚、智利等国家和地区儿童青少年生长发育资料从文献中获取。去除不完整的无法比较及年代过于久远的材料,排除小样本及数据不全和不符合要求的样本,严格控制质量。所有测量数据输入SPSS13.0统计软件包。对数据进行描述性统计分析、独立样本t检验、方差分析等统计学处理。结果显示:1)青藏高原儿童青少年男女身高高于安第斯山男女。2)青藏高原儿童青少年的体重与安第斯山儿童青少年相近。3)青藏高原儿童青少年的胸围明显小于安第斯山儿童青少年。高原地区与非高原地区儿童青少年生长发育相比有相似性又有特殊性(如发育水平低,胸径较大,生长发育指标普遍低于WHO(2007)和本国国内水平)。西藏藏族儿童青少年比安第斯山的发育好,两者具有不同的体质特征,这可能与生态环境、高原缺氧、遗传因素和社会经济文化等多种因素有关。     

内蒙地区蒙古,汉,回,朝鲜族肤纹特征比较研究

本文分析了内蒙地区３２３７例蒙、汉、回、朝鲜族人手肤纹特征,选用２２项肤纹参数进行民族间和同一民族不同性别间比较,并与我国其他８个民族的部分肤纹参数进行聚类分析,结果表明,内蒙地区这４个民族同属我国北方群,其肤纹既有各民族自身的特点,又具蒙古人种的一般特征。     

云南省七个少数民族的肤纹参数及聚类分析

本文报告了云南省白族、布朗族、彝族、回族、傈僳族、怒族、基诺族共七个少数民族的肤纹参数。差异显著性测定及聚类分析表明这几个民族间的肤纹参数有很大差异,基诺族与他们的差异最大。各民族同名指(区)的对称组合格局有同型亲和性,左右对称呈非随机组合。     

ABO、MN血型及其与测量体征关系的初步探讨

本文提供了男、女两性共404人ABO、MN血型各表现型的35个体质特征测量数据,对血型和测量体征的关系进行了初步讨论。统计分析表明,不同血型群体的某些单个体征平均值之间有显著差异。对所调查的35个体征作整体分析,可见男性MN系统和女性ABO、MN系统各血型群体平均值之间差异显著。在MN血型系统,MN型群体的测量体征平均值低于M型和N型与MN基因型的杂合状态有密切关系。本文还分析了4个民族的血型资料,表明MN血型在ABO血型系统是随机分布的。     

海拔对儿童和青少年生长发育的影响北大核心CSCDCSSCI

为进一步探讨自然环境因素对生长发育的影响,本文收集了14个省会城市1996年以来7-18岁107986(男56300,女51686)儿童青少年的身高、体重、胸围资料及体质测量当年的海拔、年降水量、年均气温和年日照时数资料,做海拔等自然环境因素与发育指标的Z-分数和发育分相关与回归分析。结果表明,从低海拔组到中海拔组、高海拔组,儿童青少年的生长发育指标逐步下降,其中体重与BMI有统计学意义(P<0.05),但身高和胸围无统计学意义(P>0.05),低海拔组发育指标明显好于高海拔组;生长发育水平与海拔的相关系数大于年均气温和日照时数,与年降水量不相关;回归分析表明海拔每增加1000m,身高、体重、胸围和BMI分别减少0.112,0.101,0.043和0.118个Z-分数。在四项自然环境因素中,海拔对生长发育的影响最大,对身高、体重、胸围和BMI的贡献率分别是28.0%,26.8%,12.0%,16.8%。     

海拔对儿童和青少年生长发育的影响

为进一步探讨自然环境因素对生长发育的影响,本文收集了14个省会城市1996年以来7-18岁107986(男56300,女51686)儿童青少年的身高、体重、胸围资料及体质测量当年的海拔、年降水量、年均气温和年日照时数资料,做海拔等自然环境因素与发育指标的Z-分数和发育分相关与回归分析。结果表明,从低海拔组到中海拔组、高海拔组,儿童青少年的生长发育指标逐步下降,其中体重与BMI有统计学意义(P0.05),低海拔组发育指标明显好于高海拔组;生长发育水平与海拔的相关系数大于年均气温和日照时数,与年降水量不相关;回归分析表明海拔每增加1000m,身高、体重、胸围和BMI分别减少0.112,0.101,0.043和0.118个Z-分数。在四项自然环境因素中,海拔对生长发育的影响最大,对身高、体重、胸围和BMI的贡献率分别是28.0%,26.8%,12.0%,16.8%。     

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms are associated with the longevity in the Guangxi Bama population of China

Human longevity is an interesting and complicated subject, with many associated variations, geographic and genetic, including some known mitochondrial variations. The population of the Bama County of Guangxi Province of China is well known for its longevity and serves as a good model for studying a potential molecular mechanism. In this study, a full sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been done in ten Bama centenarians using direct sequencing. Polymorphisms of the displacement loop (D-loop) region of mtDNA and several serum parameters were analyzed for a total of 313 Bama individuals with ages between 10 and 110 years. The results showed that there were seven mitochondrial variations, A73G, A263G, A2076G, A8860G, G11719A, C14766T, and A15326G, and four haplogroups, M(*), F1, D* and D(4) in 10 Bama centenarians. In the D-loop region of mtDNA, the mt146T occurred at a significantly lower frequency in those is the older age group (90-110 years) than in the middle (80-89 years) and in the younger (10-79 years) groups (P < 0.05). The mt146T also had lower systolic blood pressure and serum markers such as total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein than did mt146C in the older age group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the mt146C and the mt146T individuals in the middle and the younger groups (P > 0.05). The mt5178C/A polymorphisms did not show any significant differences among the three age-groups (P > 0.05), but different nationalities in the Bama County did show a significant difference in the mt5178C/A polymorphisms (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the mt146T/C polymorphisms in Guangxi Bama individuals may partly account for the Bama longevity whereas the mt5178C/A polymorphisms are strongly associated with the nationalities in the Guangxi Bama population.     

贵州土家族体质人类学研究

本文对394名(男183人, 女211人)生活在贵州的土家族进行活体观察和测量(观察项目28个, 测量项目64个)。调查对象年龄18-55岁, 三代均为土家族。分析结果表明: 贵州土家族为圆头型, 男性正头型、女性高头型, 阔头型, 男性阔面型、女性中面型, 中鼻型, 窄肩型, 中间体型, 亚短腿型, 宽手型, 亚中等型身材。与我国南方其他20个少数民族群体聚类分析的结果显示: 贵州土家族体质特征与湖南瑶族、土家族、广西瑶族、贵州台江苗族最为接近, 与贵州布依族、广西壮族、海南黎族次之, 与湖南侗族、贵州过卯水族、毛南族、白裤瑶较远。     

Ethnicity and fertility in Liberia: a test of the minority group status hypothesis

This study examines the relationship between ethnicity and fertility in Liberia, within the context of the minority group status hypothesis. The hypothesis argues that minority group status exerts an independent effect on fertility, net of controls for socioeconomic and demographic variables. Using a subsample of women from the 1974 Liberian census, the study examines interethnic variations in fertility by comparing five ethnic minorities--Bassa, Vai, Grebo, Kru, Kpelle--with the majority group, Americo-Liberian. With the possible exception of Bassa women, the findings do not support the minority group status hypothesis. Instead, the findings are more congruent with the alternative assimilationist hypothesis which argues that when sociodemographic differences between majority and minority groups are controlled, their fertility levels should converge. The implications of these findings are explored.     

Ethnicity and fertility in Liberia: A test of the minority group status hypothesis

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between ethnicity and fertility in Liberia, within the context of the minority group status hypothesis. The hypothesis argues that minority group status exerts an independent effect on fertility, net of controls for socioeconomic and demographic variables. Using a subsample of women from the 1974 Liberian census, the study examines interethnic variations in fertility by comparing five ethnic minorities—Bassa, Vai, Grebo, Kru, Kpelle—with the majority group, Americo‐Liberian. With the possible exception of Bassa women, the findings do not support the minority group status hypothesis. Instead, the findings are more congruent with the alternative assimilationist hypothesis which argues that when sociodemographic differences between majority and minority groups are controlled, their fertility levels should converge. The implications of these findings are explored.     

Preliminary study of the urinary proteome in Li and Han ethnic individuals from Hainan

Biomarkers indicate changes associated with disease. Blood is relatively stable due to the homeostatic mechanisms of the body;however, urine accumulates metabolites from changes in the body, making it a better source for early biomarker discovery. The Li ethnic group is a unique minority ethnic group that has only lived on Hainan Island for approximately 5,000 years. Studies have shown that various specific genetic variations are different between the Li and Han ethnic groups. However, whether the urinary proteome between these two ethnic groups is significantly different remains unknown. In this study, differential urinary proteins were identified in the Li and Han ethnic groups using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).In total, 1,555 urinary proteins were identified. Twenty-five of the urinary proteins were statistically significantly different, 16 of which have been previously reported to be biomarkers of many diseases, and that these significantly different proteins were caused by ethnic differences rather than random differences. Ethnic group differences may be an influencing factor in urine proteome studies and should be considered when human urine samples are used for biomarker discovery.     

Histomorphometric parameters and fractal complexity of the equine placenta from healthy and sick foals

Computer-based digital image analysis of tissue samples shows promise both to reduce the subjectivity of traditional manual tissue assessments and potentially to shorten the time required to analyze each sample. The present study used digital image analysis to investigate the histomorphometric parameters and fractal complexity of the equine placenta from healthy and sick foals. We hypothesized that the placentas of sick foals could have a different growth pattern and complexity that could be objectively estimated by their fractal dimension (FD). Fourteen placentas from 30 mares were selected in the 2013 breeding season and divided into two groups: seven mares with normal pregnancy, eutocic delivery, and healthy foals (group 1) and seven mares with normal or high-risk pregnancy, eutocic delivery and sick foals (group 2). Four mares in group 2 were classified as having a high-risk pregnancy on the basis of anamnesis and/or ultrasound findings. Clinical diagnosis of group 2 foals included perinatal asphyxia syndrome (n = 4), prematurity/dysmaturity (n = 2), and both diagnoses (n = 1). Seven out of fourteen placentas showed diffuse gross abnormalities. Grossly abnormal placentas were observed in one out of seven (14.28%) animals in group 1 and in six out of seven (85.72%) animals in group 2. Digital image analysis proved to be reliable and efficient in segmentation, calculation, outline extraction of villi as also resulted in sampled test images. The placentas of group 1 foals displayed a uniform and homogeneous villi development, as revealed by geometric parameters and FD. These results can be interpreted as a harmonic growth pattern of microcotyledons throughout the placenta in healthy foals. By contrast, the placentas of group 2 foals showed a nonuniform growth pattern and complexity with more villi and more developed villi in pregnant horn (PH) and nonpregnant horn (NPH) compared with body (B) and higher FD in NPH than in the other areas. This finding can be interpreted as a compensatory growth with increased complexity. Our results show that morphometric analysis, particularly FD measurement, can be proposed as an ancillary histological tool for equine placenta evaluation. Chorionic villi tend to have greater branching and complexity in sick than in healthy foals, particularly in the NPH. This could represent an attempt to increase the exchange area between fetal and maternal compartments of the equine placenta, and merits further investigation.     

Ethnicity and class identity: The case of French‐ and English‐speaking Canadians*

This study addresses the racial and religious contexts of identity formation among Lebanese immigrants to the United States of America and Somali immigrants to Canada. Each enters with a different racial status: Lebanese as white; Somalis as black/visible minority. Ethnographic interviews explore the strategies of adaptation and identity development within these groups. Specifically, we compare and contrast the Lebanese and Somali experience through an analysis of ethnic relations in the country of origin, the conditions of immigration, and through accounts of their encounters and identity negotiation with the host society. We demonstrate the strategies each group implements to negotiate both race and religion in identity development. Our findings reveal that each group attempts to make their religious identity evident, however, Somali immigrants must negotiate the effects of ‘othering’ processes with both race and religion, while Lebanese immigrants build a religious identity from privileges afforded to them by virtue of their white racial status.