桑叶多糖降血糖作用及其机制研究

大量研究与临床实践表明,中药多糖成分有着显著的降血糖、强化机体免疫力等效果,而这中药中也包括了桑叶,其多糖成分同样有着降血糖的效果。故文章通过文献分析法,对桑叶多糖成分的降血糖效果与作用机制作一综述性分析。     

两种天然植物提取物的抑菌效果的快速评价与比较

本文研究了绿茶和桑叶提取物在不同浓度时对细菌的抑制作用,采用D值计算法快速评价了它们的抑菌效果。结果表明,绿茶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑制浓度分别为0.034%,0.42%;而桑叶提取物分别为0.86%,1.54%。绿茶的抑菌效果更好。     

流感病毒感染对小鼠肠道菌群的影响及桑叶的调节作用

【摘 要】 目的 探讨流感病毒对肠道菌群的影响以及桑叶提取物在治疗小鼠流感时对肠道菌群的调节作用。方法 将36只小鼠随机分为4组,正常对照组滴鼻生理盐水,其余以流感病毒鼠肺适应株FM1滴鼻3 d,建立流感小鼠模型后,正常对照组和病毒对照组灌胃生理盐水,另2组分别以高剂量(500 mg/kg)和低剂量(100 mg/kg)灌胃桑叶提取物,连续5 d。每天检测小鼠体重,并于病毒感染前、感染后及灌胃处理后3次无菌收集小鼠粪便,培养并计数小鼠粪便中肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌。结果 小鼠在感染病毒后体重明显降低,桑叶提取物治疗后体重降低的趋势有所减缓。小鼠肠道菌群在感染流感后有明显的变化,但桑叶提取物治疗后肠道菌群的恢复不明显。结论 流感病毒感染能引起小鼠肠道菌群的失调,桑叶不显示调节肠道菌群的效果,表明其对流感的治疗不通过调节肠道菌群平衡来发挥作用。     

银合欢叶提取物降血糖作用的实验研究

采用四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型及肾上腺素和葡萄糖引起的高血糖小鼠模型,观察银合欢叶提取物对实验动物的降血糖效果。银合欢叶提取物对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠有明显的治疗效果,对肾上腺素和葡萄糖引起的高血糖模型小鼠有明显的降血糖作用,但对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响。     

蒲桃仁提取物降血糖作用的实验研究

采用四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型及肾上腺素和葡萄糖引起的高血糖小鼠模型,观察蒲桃仁乙醇提取物对实验动物的降血糖效果。蒲桃仁乙醇提取物对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠模型、肾上腺素和葡萄糖引起的高血糖模型小鼠有明显的降血糖作用,但对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响。     

褐蘑菇提取物对四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠降血糖活性研究

本文通过对褐蘑菇提取物的降血糖作用研究,旨在开发降血糖药物新资源.试验数据显示褐蘑菇提取物能显著降低四氧嘧啶所制备的糖尿病小鼠血糖浓度.褐蘑菇提取物高、中、低剂量组对糖尿病小鼠的降糖率分别是16.9%,20.2%和15.1%.阳性对照组的降糖率是25.1%.褐蘑菇提取物中剂量组降糖效果要优于高、低剂量组.     

固液态发酵条件对桑叶发酵提取物中降糖活性物质的影响

目的:探讨不同发酵条件对桑叶总黄酮、总多酚含量及体外降糖活性的影响。方法:本研究主要利用比色法考察固态、液态两种发酵条件对桑叶发酵物中总黄酮、总多酚含量的影响,同时建立α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶为体外降糖活性筛选模型,以期筛选最佳发酵条件。结果:液体发酵7 d桑叶70%乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率最高(92.79%);未发酵水提取物对α-淀粉酶抑制率最高(63.68%),其次为液体发酵7 d桑叶70%乙醇提取物(54.81%)。且在生药浓度为10 mg·m L-1时,都高于阳性对照阿卡波糖。结论:利用冠突散囊菌发酵,可以改变桑叶提取物的体外降糖活性,为开发糖尿病药物提供可行思路。     

淡黑巨藻醇提取物降血糖活性及其对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

筛选具有降血糖活性的海藻活性物质,研究其对2型糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群的影响,为开发具有降糖作用的营养功能性食品提供依据。利用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和HepG2胰岛素抵抗细胞模型,对13种海藻通过分步提取法制备得到的35种海藻提取物进行筛选,并采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析降糖效果佳的提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,35种海藻提取物中泡叶藻和淡黑巨藻55%乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用最为显著,淡黑巨藻55%乙醇提取物更能显著提高HepG2胰岛素抵抗细胞的葡萄糖消耗量,其显著增加2型糖尿病小鼠肠道内Bacteroidetes属的丰度,且使Firmicutes属细菌数量明显减少。淡黑巨藻55%醇提取物表现出显著的降血糖及调节肠道菌群的作用,具有潜在的食药用价值。     

不同品种毛茶水浸出物成分及抗氧化、降血糖活性研究

为比较7个不同品种毛茶水浸出物活性成分及体外抗氧化与降血糖活性的差异,确定各成分与活性之间的相关性,该文选取制作六堡茶常用的7个茶树品种制备的毛茶作为研究对象,测定毛茶水浸出物及其浸膏中总多酚、总黄酮、茶多糖的含量,以DPPH·清除能力、ORAC值和α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶抑制作用为指标评价毛茶水浸出物的抗氧化和降血糖活性,并采用Pearson进行相关性分析。结果表明:(1)7个茶树品种毛茶水浸出物、总多酚、总黄酮、茶多糖含量均存在显著差异,含量最高的分别为黄金茶(53.42%± 0.14%)、桂红4号(40.87%±1.09%)、云南大叶种(27.17%±0.26%)、福云6号(2.70%±0.02%)。(2)对DPPH·清除能力、ORAC值存在显著差异,在两种评价方法中均显示较好抗氧化效果的品种为六堡群体种、桂红4号、宛田种。(3)对α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶的抑制作用均显著强于阳性对照阿卡波糖,在两种评价方法中均显示较好降血糖效果的品种为六堡群体种、桂红4号、桂青种。(4)抗氧化、降血糖活性均与总多酚、总黄酮含量有较强正相关。综上认为,六堡群体种、桂红4号、宛田种、桂青种的毛茶品质均较好,其中六堡群体种、桂红4号同时具有开发成抗氧化、降血糖功能食品的前景,宛田种、桂青种分别具有开发成抗氧化、降血糖功能食品的潜力; 总多酚、总黄酮对毛茶体外抗氧化、降血糖活性的贡献较大,在毛茶进一步的加工利用过程中应着重注意对这类成分的保护。该研究结果为开发抗氧化、降血糖活性更好的六堡茶产品在毛茶原料筛选和加工方式选择方面提供了科学依据。     

血竭超临界提取物的降血糖作用及其机制研究

为了研究血竭超临界提取物的降血糖作用及其机制,用正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型,以血糖、糖耐量为指标研究血竭超临界提取物的降糖作用。通过测定体外α-葡萄糖苷酶的活力,观察血竭超临界提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。结果发现血竭超临界提取物对正常小鼠空腹血糖无明显降低作用,能改善小鼠对蔗糖的耐受力,能降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖水平,能抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。表明血竭超临界提取物对糖尿病小鼠有较好的降糖作用,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用可能是其降血糖的机制之一。     

桑叶提取物抑菌作用的研究

研究了桑叶水煎剂对常见微生物的抑菌作用,以及在不同pH值条件下的抑菌效果.结果表明:提取液对霉菌的生长没有明显的抑制作用;对供试细菌有效,其中对微球菌的抑制最强,其次为沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌,对枯草芽孢杆菌的作用较弱.抑菌效果随着桑叶水煎剂浓度的增加而加强.在酸性条件下,桑叶水煎剂的抑菌作用都有不同程度的增加,但效果均不如0.05%苯甲酸钠.     

Effect of Environmental Conditions on the α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Mulberry Leaves

Mulberry leaves have been used as the sole food for silkworms in sericulture, and also as a traditional medicine for diabetes prevention. Mulberry leaf components, for example 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase and prevent increased blood glucose levels, and they are highly toxic to caterpillars other than silkworms. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of mulberry leaves changes with the season, but it is unknown which environmental conditions influence the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. We investigated in this study the relationship between the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and environmental conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The results demonstrate that low temperatures induced decreasing α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while the induction of newly grown shoots by the scission of branches induced increasing α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These results suggest that the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was related to the defense mechanism of mulberry plants against insect herbivores.     

Effect of environmental conditions on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of mulberry leaves

Mulberry leaves have been used as the sole food for silkworms in sericulture, and also as a traditional medicine for diabetes prevention. Mulberry leaf components, for example 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase and prevent increased blood glucose levels, and they are highly toxic to caterpillars other than silkworms. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of mulberry leaves changes with the season, but it is unknown which environmental conditions influence the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. We investigated in this study the relationship between the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and environmental conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The results demonstrate that low temperatures induced decreasing α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while the induction of newly grown shoots by the scission of branches induced increasing α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These results suggest that the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was related to the defense mechanism of mulberry plants against insect herbivores.     

A role of mulberry leaves in improving resistance to virus‐mediated disease in Allomyrina dichotoma

The purpose of this study was to develop a safe and effective method for preventing Allomyrina dichotoma nudivirus (AdNV) infection in the Korean horned beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, found on the farms in the Republic of Korea. Mulberry leaf powder was added to fermented oak sawdust to minimize mortality in AdNV‐infected A. dichotoma. Mulberry leaves were found to contain 1‐deoxynojirimycin, which has anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and anti‐tumor effects. Based on the proposed antiviral effects of mulberry leaves, a feed of fermented sawdust combined with 1% or 5% mulberry leaf powder was fed to AdNV‐infected second or third stage A. dichotoma larvae. The larval mortality rate was recorded over 10 weeks. The second and third instar larvae that were fed with the sawdust mixture with 5% mulberry leaf powder had mortality rates of 60% and 30%, respectively. In contrast, the control group that was fed with the sawdust without mulberry leaf powder had a mortality rate of 100%. Also, we confirmed that AdNV was not detected in the experimental group that was subjected to an outdoor application test for 8 months with mulberry leaf powder treatment. A reduced mortality rate after treatment with 1% mulberry leaf powder was observed in the field application. In addition, a comparison of the control colony and mulberry leaf treated group showed a statistical difference in growth of larvae at various states, and demonstrated the efficiency of mulberry leaf powder combined with fermented sawdust for treatment of AdNV‐ infected A. dichotoma.     

Isolation of an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene from mulberry (Morus alba L.) and analysis of the function of this gene in plant development and stresses response

Mulberry (Morus alba) is an important crop tree involved in sericulture and pharmaceuticals. To further understand the development and the environmental adaptability mechanism of mulberry, a cDNA of the gene MaACO1 encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase was isolated from mulberry. This was used to investigate stress-responsive expression in mulberry. Developmental expression of ACC oxidase in mulberry leaves and spatial expression in mulberry flowers were also investigated. Damage and low-temperature treatment promoted the expression of MaACO1 in mulberry. In leaves, expression of the MaACO1 gene increased in cotyledons and the lowest leaves with leaf development, but showed reduced levels in emerging leaves. In flowers, the pollinated stigma showed the highest expression level, followed by the unpollinated stigma, ovary, and immature flowers. These results suggest that high MaACO1 expression may be predominantly associated with tissue aging or senescence in mulberry.     

SEM studies on the leaf surface of promising mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes

Mulberry (Moms spp.) leaf quality has a great role in silkworm rearing which in turn affects the overall silk yield. In the recent past, many varieties of mulberry have been evolved considering the morphological characters, growth, yield, and quality parameters based on bioassay. The present investigation was carried out on ten promising mulberry genotypesviz. Tr-10, K-2, S-36, S-54, S-1, V-1, Mysore local, S-13, S-34, and RFS-135 to characterize stomatal size and frequency, trichomes and idioblasts using SEM. These new parameters will provide useful information for cultivars identification as well as for selecting mulberry genotypes adapted to different eco-climatic conditions and assessing the feeding quality of leaf for silkworm rearing.     

Determination of iminosugars in mulberry leaves and silkworms using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Mulberry 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ, a potent α-glycosidase inhibitor) has been investigated thoroughly for its analytical methods and therapeutic potential against diabetes, whereas little attention has been given to other iminosugars such as 2-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-DNJ (GAL-DNJ) and fagomine. For instance, concentration and composition of these iminosugars in mulberry leaves as well as sericulture products have not been fully characterized due to lack of suitable analytical methods. Here we developed a simultaneous determination method for DNJ, GAL-DNJ, and fagomine using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). When mulberry leaf extracts were subjected to HILIC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), individual iminosugars could be separated and detected. The developed method is sufficiently sensitive for determining iminosugars in mulberry leaves as well as silkworms, providing new information (e.g., different amounts of iminosugars in mulberry leaf varieties; high DNJ and low GAL-DNJ in the silkworm body, especially in the blood) that is useful for producing iminosugar-rich products for nutraceutical purposes.     

桑-蚕系统中镉的吸收、累积与迁移

对桑－蚕系统中镉的吸收,累积与迁移行为研究结果表明：（１）桑树对土壤镉污染有一定的耐性,桑树镉累积量和相对累积率与土壤镉浓度的关系可分别用回归方程Ｔａ＝ａ＋ｂｌｏｇ（Ｓｃ）和ｌｏｇ（Ｒａ）＝ａ＋ｂｌｏｇ（Ｓｃ）描述。（２）随着土壤镉浓度的增加,镉在桑树根部的分布率明显增加,地上部分的分布率有所降低,运转到叶片的比率明显降低。（３）蚕体,蚕砂和蚕茧的镉含量,镉累积量,随着桑叶镉含量的增加而增加。